| the isolation of a train of bovine syncytial virus in northern ireland. | | 1973 | 4575110 |
| brucella milk ring tests on churn samples: a three-year study. | | 1972 | 4621837 |
| high nitrogen grass cubes as a source of nitrite poisoning in cattle. | | 1971 | 5169331 |
| the clinical importance of brucellosis in veterinary surgeons in private practice. | | 1970 | 5463644 |
| a survey of the viruses of farm animals in northern ireland. | | 1972 | 4345989 |
| symptomatology of chronic brucellosis. | | 1973 | 4270991 |
| bovine leptospirosis: some clinical features of serovar hardjo infection. | during an investigation of natural in utero infection of cattle by leptospira interrogans strains, infection (almost entirely caused by serovar hardjo) was diagnosed in 57 per cent of 505 calves (472 aborted fetuses, 20 stillborn calves and 13 perinatal deaths) examined over a six-year period. the prevalence of leptospire-infected fetuses showed a seasonal increase in september, october and december and was significantly higher in fetuses aborted by dairy cows than in fetuses aborted by beef cow ... | 1985 | 4049693 |
| eradication of mycoplasma bovis infection from a dairy herd in great britain. | mycoplasma bovis infection was eradicated from a naturally infected dairy herd in great britain by a programme of identification, segregation and culling of infected animals. a series of group and whole milking herd tests was carried out over a period of 15 months, followed by a whole herd nasal swabbing. cows were also sampled after calving and at drying off and bulk tanks were sampled at weekly intervals during the same period and for a further nine months. fifty-nine cows were identified as e ... | 1983 | 6845609 |
| the incidence of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia enterocolitica-like organisms in raw and pasteurized milk in northern ireland. | yersinia enterocolitica and y. enterocolitica-like bacteria were frequently isolated from samples of both raw bulked milk (34/150) and farm bottled (raw) milk (5/20). these bacteria were also found to contaminate creamery pasteurized milk (6/100 samples) and farm pasteurized milk (4/50 samples). although y. enterocolitica was the most commonly isolated species, y. intermedia and y. frederiksenii were also frequently obtained (52, 31 and 15% of isolates, respectively). also, one atypical strain w ... | 1986 | 3771412 |
| control of warble fly in great britain and the european community. | the costs of warble fly in cattle have been estimated at 35 million pounds for great britain in 1985 and $85 million for italy in 1982. control measures within the european community vary from one country to another and from the voluntary application of systemic products by individual farmers to comprehensive national eradication schemes backed by legislation. of the countries opting for national eradication measures, denmark has been successful and the federal republic of germany, the netherlan ... | 1986 | 3739168 |
| radionuclide monitoring in northern ireland of the chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. | northern ireland received higher radiation doses due to the radionuclide contamination from the chernobyl nuclear reactor accident than did the south of england. levels of radioactive iodine ((131)i) and caesium ((137)cs) in cows' milk in northern ireland increased to 166 and 120 bq/l respectively in may 1986, but had decreased by factors of one million, and of twenty-five, respectively, by 1 september 1986. the resultant radiation doses represent less than one per cent of those received by a no ... | 1987 | 3590387 |
| isolation of mycoplasmas from bovine semen in northern ireland. | in a survey of 332 fresh and 137 processed bovine semen samples and 25 preputial washes, mycoplasmas and, or, ureaplasmas were isolated from 46 per cent, 31 per cent and 80 per cent, respectively. intermittent isolation from different semen collections from the same bull indicated that at least three collections per bull were necessary to determine whether infection was present. when stored processed samples were examined mycoplasma canadense and m bovigenitalium were isolated from straws taken ... | 1987 | 3424585 |
| q fever in the united kingdom and ireland. | in britain, q fever in man was first reported in 1949. two years later a serological survey of cattle revealed a prevalence of infection of 2.1%. in the 1970's prevalences of 4.5% and 3.1% were encountered respectively in cows that had aborted or calved normally in central england. in sheep, antibodies to c. burnetii have been detected in approximately 2.8% of sera examined for diagnostic purposes and 0.6% of sheep awaiting export. since 1975 fewer than 10 incidents of c. burnetii associated dis ... | 1987 | 3324568 |
| first reported isolation of mycoplasma bovis from pneumonic calves in northern ireland. | | 1993 | 8116160 |
| a major outbreak of botulism in cattle being fed ensiled poultry litter. | eighty of a group of 150 housed beef cattle showed classical signs of botulism after eating a batch of ensiled poultry litter. sixty-eight of the animals died and clostridium botulinum type c toxin was detected in 18 of 22 sera examined. c botulinum organisms were isolated from the ensiled litter and type c toxin was demonstrated in samples of decomposed poultry carcases present in the litter. this outbreak of bovine botulism was the most serious to have been recorded in europe and was the first ... | 1988 | 3046109 |
| studies of the transfer of dietary radiocaesium from silage to milk in dairy cows. | four experiments were carried out to examine the transfer of radiocaesium from silage to milk by dairy cows. three experiments assessed the effects of stage of lactation, yield and the feeding of forage only on this transfer. it was found that maximum milk radiocaesium concentrations were achieved rapidly (within 5 days) after the start of feeding contaminated silage. the transfer coefficients (fm) were low ranging from 0.002 to 0.003 d l-1. the fourth experiment examined the effects of alternat ... | 1989 | 2814455 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy in northern ireland: epidemiological observations 1988-1990. | this study describes the epidemiological features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in northern ireland where the first case occurred in november 1988. they were very similar to those observed in great britain except that the annual incidence of bse in 1990 in northern ireland, 2.3 confirmed cases per 10,000 adult cows, was approximately one 10th of that in great britain. the findings were also consistent with the current hypothesis that affected cattle had been exposed to a scrapie-like ... | 1992 | 1561742 |
| the rise and fall of the baby's bottle. | as the traditional practice of breast-feeding and later weaning of babies slowly regains popularity in europe and america, the third world is just getting used to the idea of bottle-feeding and early weaning. infant food manufacturers have been indicted for irresponsible marketing of their products, but they are not totally responsible for the present situation. the author examines the origins and development of bottle-feeding, and argues that the present polarisation of views can only be resolv ... | 1979 | 383835 |
| congenital heart disease in liverpool: 1960--69. | the incidence of congenital heart disease (c.h.d.) in liverpool from 1960 to 1969 inclusive has been determined from the liverpool congenital abnormalities registry with a follow-up period of 3 to 12 years. the incidence is 6-6 per 1000 total births and this probably represents a very small degree of under-reporting. there is no consistent seasonal variation in the incidence of any of the main congenital heart lesions. in general, infants with c.h.d. tend to be of lower birth weight and born aft ... | 1975 | 125433 |
| hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma precipitated by leptospira hebdomadis infection. | | 1983 | 6642964 |
| evidence for serotypic variation among bovine rotaviruses. | eight field strains of calf rotavirus from the u.k. were compared by neutralisation tests, using convalescent and hyperimmune antisera. seven of these strains cross-reacted and were considered to be of one serotype, while the 8th was distinguished by a greater than 20-fold two-way difference in neutralisation titre suggesting a second serotype. three widely-distributed reference strains (u.k., northern ireland and lincoln) cross-reacted with the strains in the dominant serotype, as did 33 of 42 ... | 1984 | 6320775 |
| diagnosis and prevalence of neosporosis in cattle in northern ireland. | | 1996 | 8733183 |
| survey for antibodies to respiratory viruses in two groups of sheep in northern ireland. | two hundred serum samples from texel and texel crossbred sheep (non-indigenous breeds) and 200 from indigenous northern ireland breeds (mainly blackface, cheviot and border leicester crosses) were tested for antibodies to parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus, bovine adenovirus (subgroups 1 and 2), influenza type a, maedi-visna virus and bovine virus diarrhoea virus. the percentage of animals with antibodies to parainfluenza virus 3 (50 to 56 per cent) and adenovirus ... | 1984 | 6095511 |
| mortality in cattle up to two years old in northern ireland during 1992. | a study of bovine mortality involving a stratified random sample of farms and veterinary practices was carried out in northern ireland during 1992. in the farm survey over 3500 deaths were reported from 1069 farms and 237 farms reported no deaths. the estimated total number of deaths of cattle up to two years old was 12,332, a figure which excludes an estimated 7921 stillbirths. the estimated annual mortality rates for six- to 24-month-old cattle, one- to five-month-old calves and neonatal calve ... | 1996 | 8807785 |
| eradication of brucellosis in northern ireland: field problems and experience. | | 1969 | 5818042 |
| q fever in northern ireland. | | 1968 | 5644160 |
| the stormont "wet day" forecasting system for fascioliasis. | | 1970 | 5530281 |
| the relevance of the anti-human globulin (coombs) test and the complement-fixation test in the diagnosis of brucellosis. | the relationship between the serological findings for brucellosis and the epidemiological factors has been studied in veterinary surgeons in northern ireland. the anti-human globulin (coombs) test and the complement-fixation test for brucella were used in two groups of veterinary surgeons, those self-employed and those employed by the ministry of agriculture.significant serological differences were found to exist between the two groups. those in private practice showed changes related to age, ca ... | 1970 | 5270201 |
| brucellosis in northern ireland. a serological survey. | | 1969 | 5258221 |
| beef exports: looking for an opening. | bse, food safety and the veterinarian's role in certification were among matters discussed by the bva's president, mr ted chandler, at a speech in ballymena on october 29. speaking at the bva's northern ireland dinner, at which representatives of government, local veterinary associations, the farming community and other organisations were present, mr chandler emphasised the need for the government to recognise the veterinary profession's vital contribution to food hygiene and its pivotal role in ... | 1997 | 9402724 |
| acute parasitic gastro-enteritis in calves in spring. | | 1973 | 4786128 |
| rotavirus infections in calves. | rotaviruses are now established as a major cause of neonatal enteritis and diarrhoea in calves. laboratory diagnosis is usually based on detection of the virus or virus antigens in faeces by direct electron microscopy or tests such as elisa and ieop. rotaviruses are resistant to inactivation and are normally present in large numbers in faeces, so that environmental contamination is both heavy and persistent. infection is transmitted primarily by faecal-oral contact. calves are usually protected ... | 1983 | 6677180 |
| assessment of prevalence of clinical babesiosis in cattle in northern ireland. | information on the number of clinical cases of bovine babesiosis in northern ireland was gathered from three sources: (a) a representative sample of farms; (b) all veterinary practices normally attending cattle; (c) the drug companies which produce babesicide. from (a) an estimate of 4520 clinical cases per year was derived, from (b) 3923 and from (c) 5600. a resultant estimate of at least 4000 cases per year was assumed to be reasonable. the mortality rate overall was 17.4 per cent but ranged f ... | 1983 | 6845595 |
| geographical distribution of variant cjd in the uk (excluding northern ireland). | the agent that causes variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (variant cjd) is indistinguishable from the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). the transmission route by which human beings are infected has not been established. one hypothesis is that cases of variant cjd have resulted from exposure to the bse agent via rendering plants involved in the production of meat and bone meal, the main vehicle of the bse epidemic. | 1999 | 10023945 |
| isolation of mycoplasma californicum from an outbreak of bovine mastitis and the experimental reproduction of the disease. | a mycoplasma-like organism was isolated from five cows with chronic incurable mastitis from one dairy herd. this organism was shown to be mycoplasma californicum and was used to infect three cows by intramammary inoculation. the challenge organism was reisolated from all the infected quarters and the ensuing inflammatory response produced a chronic mastitis with a permanent drop in milk yield. antibiotic treatment in one animal was unsuccessful. | 1982 | 7112877 |
| role of cattle in the maintenance of leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection in northern ireland. | kidneys of cattle, mice and badgers were cultured for leptospires in an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of these species in the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis caused by the hebdomadis serogroup. leptospires closely related to serotype hardjo were recovered from 57 (28.5 per cent) of 200 cattle examined but no evidence of infection was found in either badgers or mice, indicating that cattle act as the maintenance host for serotype hardjo. many cattle were seronegative carriers. | 1981 | 7303438 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy. epidemiology, low dose exposure and risks. | bse has occurred in the u.k. as an extended common source epidemic since 1985/86. the vehicle of infection was concentrated feeds containing meat and bone meal produced by the rendering of ovine, bovine and other animal wastes. the epidemic was probably initiated in 1981/82 when a sudden decline in the use of solvents in rendering allowed a low incidence of scrapie-like infection to occur in cattle. however, the presence in feed of bovine material that, from 1984/85 (or earlier), was increasingl ... | 1994 | 8030941 |
| pasteurella haemolytica serotypes isolated in northern ireland during 1989-1991. | pasteurella haemolytica isolates from clinical veterinary samples were serotyped over a three year period to determine the distribution of strains in northern ireland, to compare the results with the recorded distribution in the remainder of great britain and to extend information on the geographical prevalence of the serotypes. four hundred and nine typable and 91 untypable strains were isolated from 490 animal cases. from 127 typable cattle isolates, the commonest serotype was a1, most frequen ... | 1993 | 8111616 |
| neospora-associated bovine abortion in northern ireland. | | 1994 | 8135012 |
| current attitudes and future influences on meat consumption in the u.k. | a survey of 1018 u.k. residents was conducted using the basic structure of the theory of reasoned action along with scenarios of possible future events investigating meat-eating and vegetarianism. over a quarter (28%) of the sample considered themselves to be reducing meat consumption although a comparison of present and retrospective meat consumption indicated that less than a quarter of this group had cut down on a variety of meats in their diets over the past year. the attitudes related to pr ... | 1993 | 8239634 |
| incidence of hypomagnesaemia in dairy and suckler cows in northern ireland. | | 1993 | 8322445 |
| the distribution of babesia divergens infection within the cattle population of northern ireland. | | 1982 | 7127060 |
| the copper status of beef cattle in northern ireland. | 1. serum caeruloplasmin (ferroxidase i;ec 1.16.3.1) activity has been used as an indicator of copper status of cattle to survey beef herds in northern ireland. 2. the main survey covered some 20 000 cows on 1200 farms. 3. the results are reported in the form of a map showing area where herds of low and very-low cu status predominate. clinical signs of cu deficiency in calves were encountered in only two areas. | 1976 | 952841 |
| possible naturally occurring zeranol in bovine bile in northern ireland. | zeranol and two fusarium toxins, alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol, were confirmed by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) in bovine bile samples referred to this laboratory for analysis. no evidence of zeranol abuse was found on-farm. given the recent suggestion that zeranol might arise from the metabolism of these fusarium toxins, and the finding of zeranol in bovine and ovine urine across the eu, it was concluded that the residues had arisen as a result of natural metabolism. | 1995 | 8578925 |
| species of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in northern ireland. | | 1972 | 5071726 |
| monitoring for clenbuterol abuse in n. ireland 1989-1994. | laboratory testing in n. ireland for the illegal growth promoting agent, clenbuterol (cbl), is centralized at the veterinary sciences division, belfast. during the past 6 years a variety of testing schemes have evolved to determine the level of abuse of this drug in the local meat industry. the types of samples from cattle tested during this period altered as pharmacokinetic data for the compound increased. initially, fluids such as urine and bile were used, however testing switched to more appr ... | 1996 | 8792591 |
| epidemiology of lameness in dairy cattle: the influence of cubicles and indoor and outdoor walking surfaces. | a survey of cubicles and indoor and outdoor walking surfaces on 37 farms served by four veterinary practices in somerset, cheshire, wirral and west. wales was carried out in 1989 to 1991. a study of the space requirements of friesian/holstein cows at pasture showed that they required approximately 240 cm x 120 cm lying space and a further 60 cm lunging space for rising. by these standards, 87 per cent of the cubicles were too short and 50 per cent were too wide or too narrow. over 1500 observati ... | 1996 | 8863400 |
| bovine tuberculosis: a view from down under. | | 2001 | 11352477 |
| stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome: radiographic examination for growth retardation lines. | | 1996 | 8981737 |
| mad cows and englishmen: the aftermath of a bse scare. | the consumption of prime beef cuts is down, animals have been slaughtered by the thousand and 3 farmers have committed suicide as the mad-cow issue continues to cause concern in the united kingdom. in this report from london, caroline richmond also notes that the royal colleges have published a report stating that chronic fatigue syndrome is a real illness and patients need help. | 1997 | 9099178 |
| the transmission dynamics of bse and vcjd. | the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic in cattle has had a huge economic impact on the agricultural industries across europe. furthermore, scientific evidence now strongly supporting a link between a new variant of creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) and consumption of bse-infected animals has further heightened the need both to understand the transmission of these new diseases and to improve control measures to protect public health. in this paper we review work undertaken by our grou ... | 2002 | 11862621 |
| application of a rapid automated immunosensor for the detection of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b in cream. | an automated immunosensor has been applied to the detection of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b in cream. it was capable of detecting the toxin down to a level of 5 ng/g in approximately 10 min. this paper describes the immunosensor method used and how it compares with conventional elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) methods. | 1997 | 9105941 |
| epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in northern ireland 1988 to 1995. | the epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in northern ireland from 1988, when it was first confirmed, to the end of 1995 is described. all cases of bse were subjected to a detailed epidemiological investigation, complemented by data from the national animal health records on every bovine animal. data are presented on 1680 cases. many of the epidemiological features of the disease were similar to those reported in great britain, but the incidence in northern ireland was approxima ... | 1997 | 9106962 |
| the epidemiology of bse in cattle herds in great britain. ii. model construction and analysis of transmission dynamics. | mathematical model that describe the key processes determining the pattern of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic in british cattle are derived that allow for infection from feed as well as maternal and direct horizontal transmission. heterogeneous susceptibility classes are also incorporated into the analysis. maximum likelihood methods are used to estimate parameters and to obtain confidence intervals from available experimental and epidemiological data. a comprehensive sensiti ... | 1997 | 9279898 |
| three drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, northern ireland. | three recent drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in northern ireland were investigated by using genotyping and subgenotyping tools. one cryptosporidium parvum outbreak was caused by the bovine genotype, and two were caused by the human genotype. subgenotyping analyses indicate that two predominant subgenotypes were associated with these outbreaks and had been circulating in the community. | 2002 | 12023922 |
| fertility of dairy cows in northern ireland. | a comprehensive database was established on the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows in 19 selected herds in northern ireland, varying in size, management system and genetic merit. data were obtained for 2471 cows, 1775 of which calved in a second year, and 693 were culled from the herd for specific reasons. the estimated mean rate of heat detection (assessed by the interheat interval during the main breeding season) in all the herds was 71 per cent, with a range from 53 to ... | 2002 | 12081305 |
| choosing appropriate space allowances for slaughter pigs transported by road: a review. | in the united kingdom pigs can spend up to 11 hours in transit to slaughter but on average travel for two to three hours. in the past, international journeys have lasted up to 40 hours and have been over 900 miles long. there is evidence that pigs, like calves and sheep, but unlike adult cattle, prefer to lie down if provided with suitable conditions, particularly bedding, on the vehicle. they will, however, sometimes stand during short journeys, possibly when excessive vibration or uncomfortabl ... | 1998 | 9602513 |
| rapid diagnosis and strain differentiation of mycobacterium bovis in radiometric culture by spoligotyping. | an assessment of spoligotyping for rapid detection and strain typing of mycobacterium bovis isolates in radiometric culture was made. spoligotyping was applied to bactec 12b broth cultures of 54 lesioned bovine lymph node specimens from 44 herds in northern ireland. a nucleic acid sequence capture technique was performed on bactec cultures at growth index points of approximately (approximately) 60, approximately 200, and 999. definitive spoligotype patterns were obtained for 90.4% and 94.2% of a ... | 1998 | 9646467 |
| zeranol is formed from fusarium spp. toxins in cattle in vivo. | zeranol, a semi-synthetic oestrogenic growth promoter, was banned in the eu in 1988. the ability of member states to police the ban on zeranol has been hampered by suggestions from new zealand and from this laboratory that zeranol may be formed by the in vivo metabolism of naturally occurring fusarium spp. toxins. the present study demonstrates that zeranol is formed from alpha-zearalenol and zearalenone in vivo and is detected in bovine bile following the oral administration of these compounds. ... | 1998 | 9764208 |
| the epidemiology of fascioliasis in northern ireland. | | 1970 | 5528583 |
| bovine tuberculosis in northern ireland: a case-control study of herd risk factors. | this paper presents the results of the first formal epidemiological study in northern ireland of risk factors for bovine tuberculosis (tb) associated with farm boundaries, neighbours and wildlife. the study was designed as a case-control study and 427 dairy herds were investigated between december 1993 and january 1995. the case herds had more than 30 cattle, and herds in which the source of infection had been ascribed to purchased cattle were avoided. data on the department of agriculture anima ... | 1999 | 10212503 |
| polyarthritis due to mycoplasma bovis infection in adult dairy cattle in northern ireland. | | 1999 | 10573196 |
| examination of adenovirus-types in intestinal vascular endothelial inclusions in fatal cases of enteric disease in cattle, by in situ hybridisation. | there have been occasional reports in the literature of a severe naturally occurring enteric disease of cattle in which adenoviral inclusions were found in intestinal vascular endothelium. bovine adenovirus type 10 (bav-10) was identified by in situ hybridisation (ish) in the inclusions of all 13 such cattle detected in northern ireland [smyth, j.a., benkö, m., moffett, d.a., harrach, b., 1996. j. clin. microbiol. 34, 1270-1274]. the present paper describes ish examination of the vascular endoth ... | 1999 | 10591492 |
| stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome: a study of calves infected with leptospira. | leptospiral infection has been reported in calves which were either stillborn or dead from perinatal weak calf syndrome; 356 such calves were examined for evidence of associations between leptospiral infection and macroscopic, histological and microbiological findings, and the parity of the dam. calves in which leptospiral antigen was detected in the placenta were significantly lighter by an average of 6 to 10 kg than calves with no antigen in the placenta. calves infected with leptospira were m ... | 1999 | 10609569 |
| top bse official forced to step down in uk. | | 1999 | 10622246 |
| tendering for lvi work. | | 2000 | 10811270 |
| clinical and laboratory findings in cases of toxic mastitis in cows in northern ireland. | this paper describes the clinical and laboratory findings from 264 cases of toxic mastitis in cows in northern ireland between october 1995 and may 1997. nearly all the cases occurred during the winter housing period, with 84 per cent occurring between november and march inclusive, and 30 per cent in march. sixty per cent of the cases occurred within one month of calving, and 29 per cent within four days of calving. the most common clinical signs were lethargy (92 per cent), discoloured milk (90 ... | 2000 | 10958533 |
| emerging diseases. hunt for mad cow in sheep reassuring. | experts on brain-riddling spongiform diseases have grown steadily more uneasy over signs that so-called mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse), which is linked to a lethal human illness, may be lurking in sheep. a study in the 10 august issue of nature now offers evidence that bse is not rampant in sheep after all, although scientists are far from ready to let their guard down. | 2000 | 10960311 |
| a study of mortality among suckler and dairy cows in northern ireland in 1992. | as part of an initiative aimed at reducing the number of cattle deaths in northern ireland, a survey of bovine mortality on a stratified random sample of farms and veterinary practices was carried out during 1992. in the farm survey, over 3500 deaths were reported from 1069 farms, with a further 237 farms reporting no deaths during the year. the estimated numbers of deaths of suckler cows and dairy cows were 5997 and 4246, respectively, giving an estimated annual mortality rate of 2.36 per cent ... | 1995 | 8592815 |
| otitis media in suckler calves. | | 1993 | 8438544 |
| epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in northern ireland between 1990 and 2000. | between 1990 and 2000, 317 herds of cattle in northern ireland were identified as being seropositive to brucella abortus, and 68 per cent of them were attributed to transmission from neighbouring herds or to local spread. of particular significance were three primary outbreaks in 1997, which resulted in significant secondary and tertiary spread. three spatial clusters were identified, corresponding to two of the primary outbreaks, and the herd density and within-herd spread were highest in the l ... | 2006 | 16731701 |
| persistent efficacy of doramectin and moxidectin against cooperia oncophora infections in cattle. | duplicate studies in france and northern ireland were carried out to determine the persistent efficacy of topical moxidectin and doramectin against natural infections of cooperia oncophora. in each study, groups of 15 nematode-naïve calves were treated either with topical doramectin or moxidectin, and put out to graze on pasture contaminated with c. oncophora infective larvae. the persistent efficacy for preventing establishment of infection was assessed by the time to faecal egg excretion of c. ... | 2001 | 11267759 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in lake catchments, in river water abstracted for domestic use, and in effluent from domestic sewage treatment works: diverse opportunities for environmental cycling and human exposure. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from infected animals enters surface waters and rivers in runoff from contaminated pastures. we studied the river tywi in south wales, united kingdom, whose catchment comprises 1,100 km2 containing more than a million dairy and beef cattle and more than 1.3 million sheep. the river tywi is abstracted for the domestic water supply. between august 2002 and april 2003, 48 of 70 (68.8%) twice-weekly river water samples tested positive by is900 pcr. in rive ... | 2006 | 16751517 |
| testing of bulk tank milk from northern ireland dairy herds for viral rna and antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bulk tank milk samples collected from 929 northern ireland dairy herds were classified according to their geographical location, somatic cell count and milk yield. each sample was tested by elisa for antibody levels to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and the herds were assigned to four groups with increasing antibody levels. in nine herds (1 per cent) no antibodies were detectable in the milk samples (group 1) and they were detectable at low levels in the milk from 90 herds (9.7 per cent, gr ... | 2001 | 11558660 |
| salmonella enterica serotype bredeney: antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular diversity of isolates from ireland and northern ireland. | salmonella enterica serotype bredeney has emerged as the third most commonly identified serotype among human clinical isolates referred to the irish national salmonella reference laboratory in the years 1998 to 2000. a collection of 112 isolates of s. enterica serotype bredeney collected during the period 1995 to 1999 from animal, food, and human sources from both ireland and northern ireland were studied. antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and dna amp ... | 2002 | 11772625 |
| retrospective analysis of serum and nasal mucus from cattle in northern ireland for evidence of infection with influenza a virus. | eighty-four pairs of acute and convalescent serum samples collected in 1998 and 1999 from 17 outbreaks of respiratory disease, milk drop syndrome or diarrhoea in cattle were tested by haemagglutination inhibition against human influenza viruses a/eng/333/80 (hin1) and a/eng/427/88 (h3n2). antibodies to these viruses were present in the convalescent sera of 56.5 per cent and 58.8 per cent cattle tested, respectively, with 56 per cent of the animals seroconverting to one or both viruses. titres we ... | 2002 | 11878437 |
| molecular genotyping of human cryptosporidiosis in northern ireland: epidemiological aspects and review. | cryptosporidium parvum is the most common of the protozoal pathogens associated with gastrointestinal disease in northern ireland. genotyping techniques are valuable in helping to elucidate sources and modes of transmission of this parasite. there have been no reports on the prevalence of genotypes in northern ireland, mainly due to a lack of discriminatory genotyping techniques, which recently have become available. | 2001 | 11918331 |
| comparisons of original laboratory results and retrospective analysis by real-time reverse transcriptase-pcr of virological samples collected from confirmed cases of foot-and-mouth disease in the uk in 2001. | there were 2030 designated cases of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) during the course of the epidemic in the uk in 2001 (including four from northern ireland). samples from 1720 of the infected premises (ips) were received in the laboratory and examined for either the presence of fmd virus (virological samples from 1421 ips) or both fmd virus and antibody (virological and serological samples from 255 ips) or antibody alone (from 44 ips). the time taken to issue final diagnostic results ranged from ... | 2006 | 16980522 |
| infrared spectroscopy of the mineralogy of coprolites from brean down: evidence of past human activities and animal husbandry. | the mineralogy of 11 concretions from the bronze age settlement horizons at brean down near weston-super-mare, somerset, uk, has been examined by infrared spectroscopy. the concretions are found to contain calcite and apatite and, in some cases, quartz. four further concretions from the later iron age meare village, soil samples from brean down and mineralised samples of known faecal origin from a cesspit within the tudor merchant's house in tenby have been similarly examined. it is found that a ... | 2002 | 11942402 |
| relating national veterinary services to the country's livestock industry: case studies from four countries--great britain, botswana, perú, and vietnam. | at the end of ww ii, the british government of the time decided that it was essential for britain to become self-sufficient in food. in consequence there was a large investment in services to agriculture and in particular many new veterinary investigation centers were opened to help farmers produce more animal products. the upsurge in world trade led the government of mrs. thatcher to decide that livestock was just another commodity and so there has been a massive scaling down of money available ... | 2002 | 12381561 |
| multiple genetic typing of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates of different phage types (dt104, u302, dt204b, and dt49) from animals and humans in england, wales, and northern ireland. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is a common cause of salmonellosis among humans and animals in england, wales, and northern ireland. phage types dt104 and u302 were the most prevalent types in both livestock and humans in 2001. in addition, salmonella serotype typhimurium dt204b was responsible for a recent international outbreak involving england. a total of 119 isolates from humans (n = 28) and animals or their environment (n = 91), belonging to dt104 (n = 66), u302 (n = 33), dt204b ( ... | 2002 | 12454135 |
| uk bovine carcass meat consumed as burgers, sausages and other meat products: by birth cohort and gender. | the most likely human exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) is dietary, through beef mechanically recovered meat (mrm) and head meat used in burgers, sausages and other meat products. the majority, reportedly 90% of beef mrm and 80% of head meat, was used in burgers. to enable quantification of uk dietary exposure to bse, we quantified bovine carcass meat consumed as burgers, sausages and other meat products by birth cohort, gender and calendar period (1980-1989, 1990-1996). | 2002 | 12501955 |
| pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. | serological surveys were carried out to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. sera from 918 ewes in 92 flocks from 10 regions were tested by elisa for antibodies to border disease virus and positive results were obtained from 49 ewes (5.3 per cent) in 28 flocks (30.4 per cent). there were highly significant geographical variations in its flock prevalence ranging from 0 per cent in the enniskillen region to 70 per cent in the coleraine region. th ... | 2001 | 12503593 |
| [bluetongue virus serotype 8 in healthy young calves]. | following the detection in northern ireland of bluetongue serotype-8 (btv-8) pcr-positive calves born from pcr-negative but seropositive heifers imported from the netherlands, an investigation was started to determine whether pcr-positive calves were born in the first quarter of 2008 in the netherlands. blood samples were collected on 43 dairy farms from 388 cow-calf combinations. all calves were at least 10-days-old and had been born after 1 january 2008. in total, 229 cows had had a btv-8 infe ... | 2008 | 19133436 |
| [epidemiological model development using bse as an example--observations from a statistical viewpoint]. | since first bse cases in cattle born in germany were recognized, questions have been raised concerning the future development of the disease and the epidemiological dynamics of bse, and, consequently, modelling approaches that might answer these questions. the database for such modelling efforts is formed by bse incidence numbers or incidence rates, broken down by age at onset of clinical disease, and by time of onset or time of birth, respectively, from available information gathered for suspec ... | 2003 | 12592925 |
| risk factors for toxic mastitis in cows. | a case-control study of the management and disease risk factors associated with toxic mastitis in cows was carried out. seventy-one cases satisfied all the selection criteria, and a subset of 41 cases in which pure growths of escherichia coil were cultured from milk samples was also investigated. conditional multiple logistic regression analysis of the 71 cases and matched controls revealed no statistically significant associations. however, among the subset of 41 cases and matched controls, the ... | 2003 | 12665144 |
| impact of bse on livestock production system. | the small number of bse cases diagnosed in italy from january 2001 to 12 september 2001 (a total of 28, one every 9000 head) does not allow for a statistical analysis of the relationship between this disease and the livestock systems. however, some indications can be noted: (a) only dairy cattle, which represent three-quarters of the cattle raised in italy, are involved; (b) 58% of the cases belong to medium-large farms that breed 27% of all head; (c) 13 out of 28 cases are 5-year-old animals an ... | 2003 | 14535367 |
| outbreak of nematodirus battus infection in calves. | | 2004 | 15074328 |
| a quantitative risk assessment for the importation of brucellosis-infected breeding cattle into great britain from selected european countries. | great britain (gb) has been "officially brucellosis free" (obf) since 1991; because this disease has both public-health and international-trade implications, it is in the country's interest to maintain this freedom. a quantitative risk-assessment model was developed to determine the annual risk of importing brucellosis-infected breeding cattle into gb from northern ireland and the republic of ireland. (these countries exported the largest number of cattle into gb and were not brucellosis free du ... | 2004 | 15099716 |
| is mad cow disease caused by a bacteria? | transmissible spongioform enchephalopathies (tse's), include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also called bse or "mad cow disease"), creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. they remain a mystery, their cause hotly debated. but between 1994 and 1996, 12 people in england came down with cjd, the human form of mad cow, and all had eaten beef from suspect cows. current mad cow diagnosis lies solely in the detection of late appearing "prions", an acronym for hypothesized, ge ... | 2004 | 15325025 |
| molecular analyses of mycobacteria other than the m. tuberculosis complex isolated from northern ireland cattle. | mycobacteria other than the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mott), isolated from northern ireland cattle, were identified by pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene, and subsequent reverse cross blot hybridisation and sequence analyses. elucidation of the mott species was to facilitate specificity testing of new and existing diagnostic test reagents for bovine tuberculosis. the presence of the genes for potential diagnostic antigens: mpb70, mpb64, esat-6 and cfp-10 in the isolated mott specie ... | 2005 | 15917138 |
| culture phenotypes of genomically and geographically diverse mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from different hosts. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in ruminants in most countries. historical data suggest substantial differences in culturability of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from small ruminants and cattle; however, a systematic comparison of culture media and isolates from different countries and hosts has not been undertaken. here, 35 field isolates from the united states, spain, northern ireland, and australia were propagated in bactec 12b ... | 2011 | 21430104 |
| mixed mycoplasma mastitis outbreak in a dairy herd. | | 2000 | 11058024 |
| bse inquiry plays down errors. | | 2000 | 11061721 |
| the impact of diseases on the importation of animals and animal products. | for decades the veterinary services of the united states and other nations protected their livestock and poultry industries from the ravages of introduced animal diseases by rigorous import restrictions. this policy of zero risk frequently translated to no or reduced trade in animals and animal products or dramatic trade inequities. however, gatt articles enforced by the wto require that imported products be treated no less favorably than domestically produced goods with regard to animal health ... | 2000 | 11193647 |
| phosphorus quantity-intensity relationships and agronomic measures of p in surface layers of soil from a long-term slurry experiment. | soils from a long-term slurry experiment established in 1970 at hillsborough, northern ireland, were used in the experiment. the site has a clay loam soil overlying silurian shale. seven treatments were used with three replicate plots per treatment. control plots were treated with mineral fertiliser supplying 200 kg n, 32 kg p and 160 kg k ha(-1) yr(-1). slurry treatment plots were in two blocks and treated with either pig or cow slurry supplied at 50, 100 or 200 m3 ha(-1) yr(-1). agronomic meas ... | 2001 | 11237294 |
| no increase in human cases of mycobacterium bovis disease despite resurgence of infections in cattle in the united kingdom. | a resurgence of mycobacterium bovis infections in cattle in the united kingdom since the 1980s has raised concern about risks to human health. enhanced surveillance data for england, wales and northern ireland between 1993 and 2003 of culture-positive human m. bovis cases identified 315 m. bovis infections; the mean annual number of cases was 28 (range 12-41). the most frequently reported exposures were consumption of unpasteurized dairy products 41/83 (49%) and exposure to cattle 45/123 (37%). ... | 2007 | 16740186 |
| bovine tuberculosis--another view from down under. | | 2007 | 16793295 |
| fertility results after do-it-yourself and commercial company artificial insemination in dairy herds in northern ireland. | | 2006 | 16861391 |
| prevalence of arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw meats in northern ireland. | a 1-year study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw meats on sale in northern ireland. retail raw poultry samples (n = 94), pork samples (n = 101), and beef samples (n = 108) were obtained from supermarkets in northern ireland, and raw milk samples (n = 101) were kindly provided by the milk research laboratory, department of agriculture and rural development, belfast, northern ireland. presumptive arcobacters were identified by previously descr ... | 2006 | 16924929 |