| [natural egg parasitism of tibraca limbativentris stal (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in rice crop in the state of maranhão, brazil]. | the rice stem bug, tibraca limbativentris stal, is an important pest of rice in brazil. this work evaluated the occurrence of parasitoids in eggs of t.limbativentris egg parasitism in rice crops in the maranhão state. the eggs collected exhibited an average parasitism of 32%. the parasitoids collected were telenomus podisi (ashmead), trissolcus urichi (crawford) (hymenoptera: scelionidae) and oencyrtus submetallicus (howard) (hymenoptera: encyrtidae). | 2007 | 17934631 |
| production of citreoviridin by penicillium citreonigrum strains associated with rice consumption and beriberi cases in the maranhão state, brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the levels of penicillium citreonigrum and citreoviridin present in rice samples from maranhão state, brazil, where an outbreak of beriberi was reported and 32 deaths occurred (7% of the notified cases died in 2006). the ability of p. citreonigrum to produce citreoviridin was assessed, and a total of 420 samples of 21 different kinds of rice were collected. mycobiota isolation and identification, the ability of citreoviridin strains to produce toxin, and th ... | 2010 | 19802756 |
| outbreak of beriberi in the state of maranhão, brazil: revisiting the mycotoxin aetiologic hypothesis. | beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency. early 20th century epidemics in japan were attributed to rice contaminated by citreoviridin mycotoxin. our investigation of an outbreak of beriberi in brazil showed an association of beriberi with the consumption of poor quality subsistence farming rice, although, unlike other investigators of this outbreak, we did not identify citreoviridin producing fungi in the implicated rice. | 2010 | 20305104 |