| seroprevalence of b virus (herpesvirus simiae) antibodies in a naturally formed group of rhesus macaques. | eighty-two percent of a group of rhesus monkeys removed from cayo santiago were seropositive for b virus (herpesvirus simiae) antibodies. similar results were obtained from the cayo santiago macaque population two decades ago and from feral indian rhesus monkeys. thus it is likely that b virus has been enzootic in the cayo santiago population since 1938, when the colony was established with stock imported from india. | 1990 | 2160017 |
| proceedings of the meeting to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the cayo santiago rhesus monkey colony. 4-7 december 1988, old san juan, puerto rico. | | 1989 | 2675160 |
| abnormalities in insulin secretion and glucose clearance among macaca mulatta examined on cayo santiago. | macaca mulatta on cayo santiago (cs) were examined with intravenous glucose tolerance tests (iv-gtt) for evidence of abnormalities in glucose clearance and insulin secretion. about 10% of the 98 monkeys had impaired glucose clearance associated with impaired insulin secretion. another 6% had either fasting or secretory hyperinsulinemia with slightly increased rates of glucose clearance, and 20% had low insulin secretion, but no significant changes in glucose clearance. results were compared to t ... | 1989 | 2675161 |
| the la parguera, puerto rico colony: establishment and early studies. | two islands off the southwest coast of puerto rico, la cueva and guayacan, were populated with monkeys derived from the cayo santiago colony and new imports from india during 1962-1963. this colony became known as the la parguera colony due to its proximity to the fishing village of la parguera. initial work on the island focused on studies of group formation and dynamics. later, attention turned to field experiments on the interaction of behavior and hormones in coordinating reproduction and a ... | 1989 | 2675162 |
| establishment of the cayo santiago colony. | | 1989 | 2675163 |
| cayo santiago: the formative years. | | 1989 | 2675164 |
| cayo santiago and the laboratory of perinatal physiology: recollections. | interest in comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy moved the author's plea for the continuation of the cayo santiago monkey colony when it was put for sale in 1947. grants from the national institutes of health permitted its precarious subsistence until the mid 1950s, when a casual meeting with the director of the laboratory of neuroanatomical sciences in bethesda aroused the latter's interest. through his efforts the national institute of neurological diseases and blindness solved the macaques' pl ... | 1989 | 2675165 |
| cayo santiago as a part of the laboratory of perinatal physiology (nindb). | | 1989 | 2675166 |
| perspectives on the history of colony management and the study of population biology at cayo santiago. | | 1989 | 2675168 |
| conducting behavioral and biomedical research on cayo santiago. | | 1989 | 2675169 |
| the role of cayo santiago in primate field studies. | cayo santiago has provided the opportunity to study primate biology in a free-ranging neutral environment free of provocative human influences. rarely, if ever, does such a situation occur in natural rhesus habitats in asia. this cayo santiago advantage has permitted fine-scale analyses of the details of behavior, ecology, reproduction, genetics, demography, and pathobiology with a greater degree of precision than is possible in the field. at the same time, research on cayo santiago has provided ... | 1989 | 2675170 |
| serological survey for viral diseases in the cayo santiago rhesus macaque population. | the free-ranging population of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago was sero-surveyed for human measles, simian virus 40, b virus (herpes simiae), rhesus cytomegalovirus, human and simian retroviruses and encephalomyocarditis virus to determine the prevalence of these viruses in the colony. the results of this study indicate that the colony is free of sv40, htlviii (hiv-1), stlviii (siv) and srv1; has a low prevalence of measles and emcv; and high prevalence rates for b virus, cmv an ... | 1989 | 2571176 |
| pituitary--adrenal response to capture in cayo santiago--derived group m rhesus monkeys. | 113 rhesus monkeys, representing 4 age classes, 3 matrilines, and immigrant adult males in a 161-member cayo santiago-derived troop living in a 2-acre enclosure, were sampled for levels of plasma acth and cortisol during a period of capture and brief cage confinement for routine veterinary examination. acth levels showed significant decreases over initially high values following capture in all subjects except infants, whereas cortisol levels remained elevated throughout the sampling period. memb ... | 1989 | 2550990 |
| effects of geographic transfer on the timing of seasonal breeding of rhesus monkeys. | this is a study of the effects of geographic transfer on the timing of seasonal breeding of free-living rhesus monkeys on cayo santiago and la parguera islands in puerto rico. the results demonstrated a progressive shift in the breeding season of the transferred group. the full shift required a period of 2 years. change from one environment to another produced shifts in onset of estrous. the explanation for this phenomenon proposes an interaction between the specific reproductive state of the fe ... | 1977 | 410708 |
| a ten-year summary of reproductive data for free-ranging macaca mulatta. | | 1974 | 4210699 |
| virtual absence of infection with herpesvirus simiae in colony-reared rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), with a literature review on antibody prevalence in natural and laboratory rhesus populations. | | 1972 | 4334438 |
| tetanus in a free-ranging colony of macaca mulatta: a clinical and epizootiologic study. | | 1972 | 4338701 |
| establishing a free-ranging breeding colony of rhesus monkeys. part i. | the caribbean primate research center recently contracted with the food and drug administration to establish a free-ranging island breeding colony of rhesus monkeys. the goal of the program is to produce 600 to 800 offspring yearly from 1,000 breeding age females. the initial colony stock will consist of approximately 360 animals from an existing colony that was established on an island off the southwestern coast of puerto rico in 1961. expansion of the colony will be accomplished by the purchas ... | 1979 | 116000 |
| intergroup behavior of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | | 1972 | 4633247 |
| a comparison of the pathogenicity of two geographical strains of schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys. | | 1968 | 4883007 |
| twins and teratisms in rhesus monkeys. | | 1966 | 4955694 |
| seasonal breeding of free-ranging rhesus monkeys and related ecological factors. | | 1968 | 4966619 |
| interactions between free-ranging groups of rhesus monkeys. | | 1968 | 4968480 |
| behavioral responses of free-ranging rhesus monkeys to food shortage. | | 1970 | 4990673 |
| evidence for seasonal variation in aggressive behaviour by macaca mulatta. | | 1970 | 4994827 |
| an overview of the food intake patterns of the cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta): report of a pilot study. | the food ingestion patterns of the rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) of group l on cayo santiago were quantitatively recorded during two months which coincided with the annual breeding season. three methods of sampling were used concurrently: interval scan sampling, group location mapping and focal animal observation. these data generated time budgets and specifics about foods selected by six age/sex classes of animals. overall the animals spent 10.8% of their time engaged in eating. this eating t ... | 1989 | 2780973 |
| locomotor behavior of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago. | the locomotor behaviors of cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were studied in order to determine qualitatively some of the similarities and differences in movement patterns between free-ranging and captive primates. super-8mm cinefilms of locomotor sequences by all age groups were analyzed frame-by-frame. cayo santiago macaques use locomotor behaviors on the ground, large-diametered branches, and vines that correspond to captive monkey locomotion on comparable supports (floors, suspen ... | 1989 | 2780972 |
| trapping activities and mother-infant relationships on cayo santiago: a cautionary tale. | trapping activities in the cayo santiago rhesus monkey colony are normally limited to january and february of each year. the year 1984 was exceptional in that the trapping period was extended until early may. this paper examines the effects of the extended trapping period on mothers and infants who observed trapping activities but were not directly involved in them. mother-infant pairs exposed to extended trapping activities spent significantly more time in contact and less time at a distance fr ... | 1989 | 2780971 |
| heart rate and endocrine responses to stress in adolescent male rhesus monkeys on cayo santiago. | patterns of stress-responsiveness were studied in 19 adolescent male rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) who are part of the free-ranging colony on cayo santiago, pr. morphometric and blood samples were obtained as each male was captured and after holding overnight. subject heart rate was recorded on day 2, using surface ekg telemetry. males showed marked individual differences in cardiac and endocrine profiles which were generally unrelated to their age, size or maternal rank. heart rate patterns w ... | 1989 | 2780970 |
| a brief description of the cayo santiago rhesus monkey colony. | a description of the cayo santiago rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) colony is provided including an aerial photograph and map. | 1989 | 2780968 |
| future plans for the caribbean primate research center. | | 1989 | 2780967 |
| nih support for the caribbean primate research center (1975 to present). | the animal resources branch, division of research resources, national institutes of health, has provided contract and/or grant support to the caribbean primate research center since 1972. a portion of this core support has undergirded resources and research activities at cayo santiago. significant events related to this support from 1975 to the present time are discussed. | 1989 | 2780966 |
| validation of single photon absorptiometry in estimating bone mineral mass in rhesus monkey skeletons. | recent emphasis on age-related morbidity addresses the increasing life expectancy of western countries. osteopenia is a multi-factorial process affecting a sizeable number of elderly individuals, with bone fractures producing significant morbidity and related mortality. a non-human primate would be a very useful experimental model for the study of age-related osteopenia, if it could be shown that it is similarly afflicted by age and if non-invasive methods utilized among humans could give a vali ... | 1989 | 2780965 |
| bone mineral and osteoporosis in aging rhesus monkeys. | 55 femora of free ranging rhesus monkeys from the caribbean primate research center ranging in age from 2-25 years were analyzed using histology, density fractionation and chemical analysis and correlated with morphometric data. the vertebral density was determined by photon absorptiometry. 119 caudal vertebrae from the skeletal collection were analyzed chemically. cortical mineral density and porosity increased with age, and vertebral density and cortical area increased with weight. there was s ... | 1989 | 2780964 |
| bone growth and remodeling in cayo santiago--derived macaca mulatta. | this paper examines similarities between rhesus macaques and humans in growth and remodeling of the long bones of the extremities. cross-sectional moments of inertia were measured in three locations of the femur, humerus and tibia of m. mulatta using photon absorptiometry. differences between males and females were evaluated with respect to age and weight. remodeling was assessed from histologic sections at the same locations. sex differences in structural properties of the long bones occur only ... | 1989 | 2780963 |
| current status of the caribbean primate research center museum. | the history of the caribbean primate research center museum, including the cayo santiago skeletal collection, is briefly reviewed. since 1971 skeletons of free-ranging rhesus monkeys from cayo santiago have been systematically collected for osteological research. since 1981 the skeletons from the six species of new and old world monkeys maintained at sabana seca have also been collected. the cprc museum was established the following year to house this comparative skeletal collection, as well as ... | 1989 | 2780962 |
| national science foundation support of the cayo santiago primate skeletal collection. | | 1989 | 2780961 |
| dna fingerprinting for paternity and maternity in group o cayo santiago-derived rhesus monkeys at the german primate center: results of a pilot study. | | 1989 | 2780960 |
| a survey of intestinal parasites in a new colony of rhesus monkeys. | | 1965 | 14275225 |
| some aspects of parent-offspring and sibling relations in a group of rhesus monkeys, with a discussion of grooming. | | 1965 | 14326951 |
| future research on cayo santiago-derived group m rhesus monkeys at sabana seca: the socioendocrinology of male reproductive development. | group m is an intact social group transferred from cayo santiago to sabana seca in 1984 and will be used for research integrating biomedical and behavioral investigations. the initial research planned for group m will assess how social factors mediate the interactions between hormones and behavior as they affect male reproductive maturation. preliminary data indicate that social status can accelerate endocrine maturation in males and that high ranking males may have a head start in initiating th ... | 1989 | 2780959 |
| development of the morgan island rhesus monkey colony. | during the summer of 1979, the rhesus monkey breeding colony of the la parguera facility of the caribbean primate research center was shipped to morgan island, south carolina. during six shipments in 1979, and three more in 1980, over 1400 animals were translocated. mortality from shipping, primarily in infants, was approximately 0.65%. although the monkeys were not shipped in intact social groups, they restablished their groups shortly after subunits were released onto morgan island (mi). since ... | 1989 | 2780958 |
| the fda rhesus breeding colony at la parguera, puerto rico. | experiences of the caribbean primate research center (cprc) with the food and drug administration's (fda) rhesus monkey breeding contract at la parguera and lessons which should have been learned are discussed. onset of the rainy season and timing of rhesus monkey conceptions for 1973-79 showed random association. electrocardiographic recordings of a male rhesus monkey during reproductive activity indicated extremely high and highly variable heart rates following ejaculation. | 1989 | 2780957 |
| ecology and removal of introduced rhesus monkeys: desecheo island national wildlife refuge, puerto rico. | a field project was conducted to remove an introduced population of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) from desecheo island national wildlife refuge, puerto rico. a group of 57 monkeys from cayo santiago was released on desecheo island in 1966 to study processes of adaptation. observations in 1969 and 1970 implicated the monkeys in a drastic decline of the nesting populations of brown boobies (sula leucogaster) and red-footed boobies (sula sula). previous efforts at trapping and removal had been c ... | 1989 | 2780956 |
| opening remarks of president fernando e. agrait on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the cayo santiago macaque colony. | | 1989 | 2780954 |
| demographic and descriptive studies at la parguera, puerto rico. | the la parguera facility was established in part to contrast the social behavior of free-ranging groups with that in enclosures, as well as to compare the seasonal events linked to reproduction with those at cayo santiago. onset of breeding was correlated with onset of the rainy season at both sites. male rank in new social groups was correlated with seniority, and males often joined groups containing older brothers. dominant males had little influence on group movements or group rank. maternal ... | 1989 | 2780952 |
| adult-onset macular degeneration in the cayo santiago macaques. | since 1985 a group from the university of florida has examined 136 rhesus monkeys from the cayo santiago colony. from the sample, 97 are older than nine years (approximately 30 human years) and 39 are younger. drusen were found in 17% of the younger eyes and in 46% of the older eyes. all animals over 25 years of age had drusen in the central fundus. the incidence of drusen varied from 19-77% between five social groups. incidence reported in random-source colonies in the continental u.s.a. is abo ... | 1989 | 2780951 |
| characteristics of spontaneous obesity in the cayo santiago rhesus macaque: preliminary report. | as part of the january, 1988 trapping of the cayo santiago rhesus colony a number of morphometric measurements and serum were collected to examine metabolic and hormonal changes associated with spontaneous obesity. measurements included body weights, crown-rump lengths, abdominal and scapular skinfolds and circumferences of the upper arm, upper leg, abdomen and chest. overall, males had a significantly greater body weight and quetelet index (body weight/crown-rump) than females but abdominal ski ... | 1989 | 2780950 |
| rhesus macaques as an experimental model for degenerative arthritis. | to understand the pathogenesis of degenerative arthritis, an experimental model of the disease in which systemic factors can be investigated is required. this study reviews the evidence that the spontaneous degenerative arthritis in free ranging rhesus macaques at the caribbean primate research center meets the criteria for such a model. two forms of degenerative arthritis in rhesus macaques have been identified: osteoarthritis and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. thes ... | 1989 | 2780974 |
| ontogenetic plasticity in nonhuman primates: i. secular trends in the cayo santiago macaques. | although secular trends toward increasing body size are apparent in many human populations, little is known about their occurrence in nonhuman primates. the cayo santiago skeletal collection of macaca mulatta includes 101 adult animals (greater than or equal to 10 years of age) born at different times in the past 3 1/2 decades, so that variation in size may be examined relative to birth year. no secular trends in orbital height were observed in this sample, but in both sexes lengths of adult lon ... | 1987 | 3618758 |
| ontogeny and diachronic changes in sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial skeleton of rhesus macaques from cayo santiago, puerto rico. | insight into the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism is important to our understanding of life history, ecology, and evolution in primates. this study applied a three-dimensional method, euclidean distance matrix analysis, to investigate sexual dimorphism and its diachronic changes in rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) skulls. twenty-one landmarks in four functional areas of the craniofacial skeleton were digitized from macaques of known age and sex from the cayo santiago collections. then, a series of m ... | 2007 | 17645909 |
| genetic studies of serum transferrins of free-ranging rhesus macaques of cayo santiago, macaca mulatta (zimmerman 1780). | | 1974 | 4413564 |
| intestinal parasites of the free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | free-ranging rhesus macaques on the island of cayo santiago, puerto rico, were surveyed for intestinal parasites for the first time in over 40 years. results were compared with the only previous study, and the relationships between the prevalence of strongyloides and dominance rank, body weight, age, and matriline examined in the sampled population. | 1984 | 6502683 |
| reproductive performance, population dynamics and anthropometrics of the free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus macaques. | this report summarizes demographic data collected on the cayo santiago colony of rhesus monkeys from 1976-1983 and compares the results with those from 1959-1964 [8,9]. for males and nonpregnant/nonlactating, pregnant, and lactating females mean (+/- 1 sd), body weights, crown-rump lengths, and ponderal indices are tabulated for each age on a large (n = 586) single sampling of this free-ranging population of macaques. | 1984 | 6512846 |
| congenital and hereditary anomalies in the rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) of cayo santiago. | during seven annual birth seasons, from january 1976 to july 1982, 963 infants were born in the cayo santiago, puerto rico, colony of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). the reproductive rate for mature females, 4 years of age and older, ranged between 74.1% and 84.7%, with a cumulative mean of 80.8% over 7 years. live births comprised 95.3% of the total and the secondary sex ratio was 109 male to 100 female births. no twinning was observed. aborted and stillborn monkeys represented 4. ... | 1983 | 6648821 |
| age- and pregnancy-related changes in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the cayo santiago rhesus macaques. | ninety-six free-ranging rhesus monkeys were evaluated for age-, sex-, and pregnancy-related changes in total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and compared with previous studies. our findings indicate that pregnancy depresses total cholesterol in females and that cholesterol levels tend to increase in males with age. triglycerides decreased significantly with advancing age in males. the cayo santiago monkeys represent a unique opportunity to study the effects of age on population of near ... | 1983 | 6873209 |
| non-human primate antibody response to mosquito salivary proteins: implications for dengue virus transmission in puerto rico. | an important step to incriminate a mosquito as a vector of a disease pathogen is finding evidence of direct contact between the mosquito and humans. typically, this is accomplished through landing/biting catches, or host blood meal analysis in engorged mosquitoes via immunologic assays. an alternate approach is to identify the presence of specific mosquito anti-saliva protein antibodies in the blood of exposed hosts. following the discovery of dengue infected, free roaming non-human primates in ... | 2016 | 27593498 |
| obesity in free-ranging rhesus macaques. | spontaneous obesity in free-ranging rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) was assessed in terms of body size, body fat distribution, endocrinological/metabolic indices, and social and familial factors. eleven animals (six females, five males), or 7% of the adult population surveyed, were defined as obese on the basis of morphometric indices of adiposity > 2 s.d. above the mean for adults in this colony. the age of the obese animals ranged from 9-16 years; obese males were older than females (average ... | 1993 | 8383634 |
| oligonucleotide fingerprinting of free-ranging and captive rhesus macaques from cayo santiago: paternity assignment and comparison of heterozygosity. | multilocus dna fingerprinting with oligonucleotide probes (gtg)5, (gata)4, and (ca)8 was applied in order to determine paternity in one birth cohort (15 infants) of social group (s) from the free-ranging colony of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago. while sires could be identified in 11 cases, all males tested (n = 19) could be excluded from paternity for the remaining four infants. data revealed marked discrepancies between actual paternity and paternity as inferred from the obse ... | 1993 | 8400713 |
| inbreeding avoidance in rhesus macaques: whose choice? | whether nonhuman primates avoid copulating with close kin living in their social group is controversial. if sexual aversion to relatives occurs, it should be stronger in females than in males because of females' greater investment in each offspring and hence greater costs resulting from less viable offspring. data presented here show that adult male rhesus macaques breeding in their natal groups at cayo santiago experienced high copulatory success, but copulated less with females of their own ma ... | 1993 | 8460656 |
| osteoarthritis of the hand in nonhuman primates: a clinical, radiographic, and skeletal survey of cayo santiago rhesus macaques. | we describe the relative prevalence and pattern of distribution of osteoarthritis (oa) in the hands of elderly (> 15 years) rhesus macaques using clinical, radiographic, and skeletal examinations. in the clinical study the prevalence of nodes was 72% and 16% in the distal inter-phalangeal joints (dipj) and proximal inter-phalangeal joints (pipj), respectively, 31% of all monkeys had polyarticular nodes. radiographic oa was present in 55%, 9.1%, and 0% of the dipjs, pipjs, and thumb base, respect ... | 1996 | 8906610 |
| does female rank or age affect mate choice in free-ranging rhesus macaques? | | 1997 | 9375371 |
| bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in the rhesus macaques of cayo santiago. | this cross-sectional study investigates metabolic bone disease and the relationship between age and bone mineral density (bmd) in males and females of a large, well-documented skeletal population of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), from the caribbean primate research center museum collection from cayo santiago, puerto rico. the sample consists of 254 individuals aged 1.0-20+ years. the data consist of measurements of bone mineral content and bone mineral density, obtained from dual- ... | 2000 | 11042540 |
| natal dispersal in rhesus macaques is related to serotonin transporter gene promoter variation. | a vntr polymorphism previously characterized in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter (slc6a4) gene was also found to segregate two major alleles (l and s) among the free-ranging rhesus macaques of cayo santiago, puerto rico. when vntr genotypes were related to age at male natal dispersal on cayo santiago, ss homozygotes (43 of 532 males tested) were found to have left their natal groups significantly earlier (age 57.1 +/- 2.6 months) than carriers of the l allele (ll age, 71.5 ... | 2000 | 11206084 |
| effect of parity on bone mineral density in female rhesus macaques from cayo santiago. | this cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between parity, bone mineral density, and spontaneous osteopenia/osteoporosis in a large skeletal population of female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) from the free-ranging colony of cayo santiago, puerto rico. the sample consists of 119 mature female monkeys aged 4.0-22.2 years at time of death. the data consist of measurements of bone mineral content (bmc) and bone mineral density (bmd), obtained from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (d ... | 2003 | 12772213 |
| transfer from the natal group is related to presence of immature relatives in orphaned male rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | | 2004 | 15010583 |
| body composition, age and fertility among free-ranging female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | the relationship of morphometric measures and birth status among 93 females on cayo santiago trapped during the 2001 and 2002 seasons was assessed. the proportion of females giving birth differed between the two seasons (0.58 vs. 0.38; p = 0.006) with a prominent decline among older females. most morphometric measures increased from adolescent to adult groups, but bicep circumference showed a significant decrease among adults. when controlled for age differences, females with infants during the ... | 2004 | 15061719 |
| b-virus and free-ranging macaques, puerto rico. | in puerto rico, risk for transmission of b-virus from free-ranging rhesus monkeys to humans has become a serious challenge. an incident with an injured rhesus monkey, seropositive for b-virus, resulted in inappropriate administration of antiviral postexposure prophylaxis. this incident underscores the importance of education about risks associated with interactions between humans and nonhuman primates. | 2004 | 15109420 |
| the introduced free-ranging rhesus and patas monkey populations of southwestern puerto rico. | rhesus (macaca mulatta) and patas (erythrocebus patas) monkeys escaped to the mainland of southwestern puerto rico (swpr) from research colonies on small offshore islands during the 1960s and through 1982. a three year study (1990-1993) combined radio-telemetry with visual observations to collect information on population sizes, the composition of social groups, their daily movements, and their home ranges. two populations of rhesus monkeys were identified in swpr: one within the study area in s ... | 2004 | 15125218 |
| a longitudinal analysis of reproductive skew in male rhesus macaques. | one of the basic tenets of sexual selection is that male reproductive success should be large in polygynous species. here, we analysed 6 years of molecular genetic data from a semi-free-ranging population of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), using nonac's b index, to assess the level of male reproductive skew in the study troop. on average, the top sire in each year produced 24% of the infants, while 71% of troop males sired no offspring at all. consequently, 74% of infants had at least one pate ... | 2004 | 15255100 |
| herpes b-virus seroreactivity in a colony of macaca mulatta: data from the sabana seca field station, a new specific pathogen-free program. | the demand for b-virus-free animals for biomedical research is increasing, while at the same time the availability of such animals is decreasing. the establishment of specific pathogen-free (spf) breeding macaque colonies is a priority of the national institutes of health. nevertheless, it is well known that seroreactivity to b-virus can be difficult to interpret, particularly as it can vary over time in a single animal. the aim of the present study was to implement a reliable algorithm to exami ... | 2005 | 15667339 |
| rhesus monkeys attribute perceptions to others. | paramount among human cognitive abilities is the capacity to reason about what others think, want, and see--a capacity referred to as a theory of mind (tom). despite its importance in human cognition, the extent to which other primates share human tom capacities has for decades remained a mystery. to date, primates [1, 2] have performed poorly in behavioral tasks that require tom abilities, despite the fact that some macaques are known to encode social stimuli at the level of single neurons [3-5 ... | 2005 | 15753039 |
| the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and environmental variance in rhesus macaque skulls. | this study measures the correlation between within- and among-individual variance to gain a greater understanding of the relationship of the underlying mechanisms governing developmental stability and canalization. twenty-six landmarks were digitized in three dimensions from the crania of 228 adult macaques from cayo santiago. the phenotypic variance between individuals was measured and divided into its genetic and environmental components using matriline information. within-individual variance ... | 2005 | 15926699 |
| brief communication: linear enamel hypoplasia and the shift from irregular to regular provisioning in cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | this study investigates changes in the prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasia (leh) before and after the shift from irregular to regular provisioning in the cayo santiago rhesus monkey population. prior to 1956, monkeys on this island colony did not receive consistent provisions, and were reported to be in poor health (rawlins and kessler [1986] the cayo santiago macaques; albany: state university of new york press). a regular provisioning program, instituted in august 1956, resulted in the impr ... | 2006 | 16617431 |
| hiv/aids: latin america & caribbean. puerto rico: ample monkeys and money nurture robust research. | | 2006 | 16873645 |
| genetic correlations between sides and heritability of asymmetry for nonmetric traits in rhesus macaques on cayo santiago. | the use of nonmetric traits for estimation of biological distance is a long-standing practice in biological anthropology. nonmetric traits can be scored using either the individual or the side of the individual as the unit of measure. if sides of the individual are genetically correlated the use of sides would produce redundant genetic information. for this reason, korey (am. j. phys. anthropol. 53:19-23, 1980) argues for the use of individuals as the unit of measure for nonmetric traits. ossenb ... | 1984 | 6486247 |
| effects of reproductive condition and dominance rank on cortisol responsiveness to stress in free-ranging female rhesus macaques. | the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis modulates individuals' physiological responses to social stress, which is an inevitable aspect of the daily lives of group-living animals. previous nonhuman primate studies have reported that sex, age, rank, and reproductive condition influence cortisol levels under stressful conditions. in this study we investigated cortisol responses to stress among 70 multiparous, free-ranging female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) on the island of cayo santiago, ... | 2010 | 20039328 |
| genetic studies on the cayo santiago rhesus macaques: a review of 40 years of research. | genetic studies not only contribute substantially to our current understanding of the natural variation in behavior and health in many species, they also provide the basis of numerous in vivo models of human traits. despite the many challenges posed by the high level of biological and social complexity, a long lifespan and difficult access in the field, genetic studies of primates are particularly rewarding because of the close evolutionary relatedness of these species to humans. the free-rangin ... | 2016 | 26031601 |
| protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys. | zika virus (zikv) is responsible for a major ongoing epidemic in the americas and has been causally associated with fetal microcephaly. the development of a safe and effective zikv vaccine is therefore an urgent global health priority. here we demonstrate that three different vaccine platforms protect against zikv challenge in rhesus monkeys. a purified inactivated virus vaccine induced zikv-specific neutralizing antibodies and completely protected monkeys against zikv strains from both brazil a ... | 2016 | 27492477 |
| population genetic structure of the cayo santiago colony of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | the rhesus macaque population at cayo santiago increases annually and is in urgent need of control. in-depth assessments of the colony's population genetic and pedigree structures provide a starting point for improving the colony's long-term management program. we evaluated the degree of genetic variation and coefficients of inbreeding and kinship of the cayo santiago colony by using pedigree and short tandem repeat (str) data from 4738 rhesus macaques, which represent 7 extant social groups and ... | 2017 | 28724489 |
| maternal effects on offspring mortality in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | the genetics of primate life histories are poorly understood, but quantitative genetic patterns in other mammals suggest phenotypic differences among individuals early in life can be strongly affected by interactions with mothers or other caretakers. i used generalized linear mixed model extensions of complex pedigree quantitative genetic techniques to explore regression coefficients and variance components for infant and juvenile mortality rates across prereproductive age classes in the semifre ... | 2013 | 23315583 |
| replication of ‘rhesus monkeys correctly read the goal-relevant gestures of a human agent’. | | 2011 | 21155189 |
| serological evidence of infection with endemic human pathogens among free-ranging old world monkeys in puerto rico. | serum specimens from free-ranging but nonnative patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in southwestern puerto rico (pr) were tested for antibodies to infection with dengue viruses (denvs), west nile virus (wnv), leptospira species, and burkholderia pseudomallei by microneutralization, plaque reduction neutralization, microscopic agglutination, and indirect hemagglutination, respectively. of 23 animals (21 e. patas and two m. mulatta) tested, all had evidence of p ... | 2016 | 27001754 |
| a decade of theory of mind research on cayo santiago: insights into rhesus macaque social cognition. | over the past several decades, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how primates understand the behavior of others. one open question concerns whether nonhuman primates think about others' behavior in psychological terms, that is, whether they have a theory of mind. over the last ten years, experiments conducted on the free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) living on cayo santiago have provided important insights into this question. in this review, we highlight ... | 2016 | 25556543 |
| long-term effects of tetanus toxoid inoculation on the demography and life expectancy of the cayo santiago rhesus macaques. | tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging population of rhesus monkeys on cayo santiago prior to 1985 when the entire colony was given its first dose of tetanus toxoid. the immediate reduction in mortality that followed tetanus toxoid inoculation (tti) has been documented, but the long-term demographic effects of eliminating tetanus infections have not. this study uses the cayo santiago demographic database to construct comparative life tables 12 years before, and 12 years after ... | 2015 | 25230585 |
| what cortisol can tell us about the costs of sociality and reproduction among free-ranging rhesus macaque females on cayo santiago. | research with the rhesus macaque population on cayo santiago can provide a unique perspective on the costs of sociality and reproduction in primates. because the cayo macaques live in unusually large groups and in a predator-free environment, in which their artificial food source lacks seasonal variation in abundance or quality, these monkeys constitute a semi-experimental study of the costs and benefits of group living. here we review several long- and short-term studies that have focused on fe ... | 2016 | 25643836 |
| long-distance transportation of primate embryos developing in culture: a preliminary study. | non-human primate embryos are invaluable for conducting research relevant to human infertility and stem cells, but their availability is restricted. in this preliminary study, rhesus monkey embryos were produced by ivf at the caribbean primate research centre and shipped in tubes of gassed culture medium within a battery-powered transport incubator by overnight courier to wayne state university in michigan. upon arrival, the embryos were incubated in fresh culture medium to evaluate further deve ... | 2010 | 20093089 |
| managing the cayo santiago rhesus macaque population: the role of density. | cayo santiago is the oldest continuously operating free-ranging rhesus monkey colony in the world. population control of this colony has historically been carried out by periodic live capture and removal of animals. however, the effect of such a strategy on the size, growth rate, age structure, and sex ratio of the population has not been analyzed. this study reviews past removal data and uses a population projection model to simulate the effects of different removal schemes based on cayo santia ... | 2016 | 25597512 |
| discovery of a secular trend in cayo santiago macaque reproduction. | reproductive synchrony and the consequent clustering of births are hypothesized to be regulated by seasonal changes in rainfall and food availability. such climate-related seasonality is, however, questionable in tropical populations occupying temporally invariant habitats year round. using the long-term data of the cayo santiago rhesus macaques from 1973 to 2013, this study distinguishes synchrony (a greater than chance clustering of births) from seasonality (a cluster of births during a period ... | 2016 | 26540010 |
| does male care, provided to immature individuals, influence immature fitness in rhesus macaques? | among many mammals, maternal care strongly impacts infant survival; however, less is known about whether adult males also affect infant fitness. paternal care is expected when providing care enhances offspring survival and reproduction, which likewise increases fathers' fitness. males might also care for unrelated immature individuals to increase their mating probability with the immature individuals' mothers. studies in multimale primate groups showed that sires enhance food access for offsprin ... | 2015 | 26367536 |
| free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta): iii. dental eruption patterns and dental pathology. | this article describes the dental eruption patterns, dentition, and dental wear, including tooth loss and breakage, of the free-ranging population of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago (cs), puerto rico, ranging from 24 hr to 25 years old. of the 694 monkeys on the island in the year 1985, 688 (99.1%; 366 males, 322 females) were captured and the dentition of 685 subjects (98.7% of the total population; 366 males, 319 females) was examined. animals ranged in age from less than 24 h ... | 2016 | 26118545 |
| the ticking clock of cayo santiago macaques and its implications for understanding human circadian rhythm disorders. | the circadian clock disorders in humans remain poorly understood. however, their impact on the development and progression of major human conditions, from cancer to insomnia, metabolic or mental illness becomes increasingly apparent. addressing human circadian disorders in animal models is, in part, complicated by inverse temporal relationship between the core clock and specific physiological or behavioral processes in diurnal and nocturnal animals. major advantages of a macaque model for transl ... | 2016 | 25940511 |
| cayo santiago--a scientific treasure. | this article briefly reviews the contributions of clarence r. carpenter in establishing the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on cayo santiago, the caribbean primate research center and his legacy in primatology. | 2016 | 25903012 |
| sex differences in kin bias at maturation: male rhesus macaques prefer paternal kin prior to natal dispersal. | dispersal and mating patterns are known to affect the availability of both maternal and paternal kin within social groups, with important effects on the evolution of sociality. it is generally assumed that the philopatric sex forms stronger social bonds than the dispersing sex, possibly as a result of reduced kin availability for the dispersing sex after departure. however, few primate studies have directly compared whether sex differences in association patterns, particular with kin, are alread ... | 2016 | 25810077 |
| a 75-year pictorial history of the cayo santiago rhesus monkey colony. | this article presents a pictorial history of the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago, puerto rico, in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of its establishment by clarence r. carpenter in december 1938. it is based on a presentation made by the authors at the symposium, cayo santiago: 75 years of leadership in translational research, held at the 36th annual meeting of the american society of primatologists in san juan, puerto rico, on 20 june 2013. | 2016 | 25764995 |
| familial periodontal disease in the cayo santiago rhesus macaques. | substantial ongoing research continues to explore the contribution of genetics and environment to the onset, extent and severity of periodontal disease(s). existing evidence supports that periodontal disease appears to have an increased prevalence in family units with a member having aggressive periodontitis. we have been using the nonhuman primate as a model of periodontal disease for over 25 years with these species demonstrating naturally occurring periodontal disease that increases with age. ... | 2016 | 25708960 |
| long-term effects of castration on the skeleton of male rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | while osteopenia (ope) and osteoporosis (opo) have been studied in various species of aging nonhuman primates and extensively in ovariectomized rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, there is virtually no information on the effects of castration on the skeleton of male nonhuman primates. most information on castrated male primates comes from a few studies on the skeletons of eunuchs. this report used a subset of the caribbean primate research center's (cprc) cayo santiago (cs) rhesus macaque skeletal c ... | 2016 | 25771746 |
| selection on adult female body size in rhesus macaques. | body size is a critical descriptor of animal biology with many ecological, behavioral, and physiological correlates. size differences among species or between populations are often explained by adaptive scenarios invoking the action of selection, although studies of selection in action on primate body size, or other phenotypic traits, are very rare. we document directional selection for larger skull and postcranial size in the skeletons of female semi-free ranging rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta ... | 2011 | 21463885 |
| demographic variability and density-dependent dynamics of a free-ranging rhesus macaque population. | density-dependence is hypothesized as the major mechanism of population regulation. however, the lack of long-term demographic data has hampered the use of density-dependent models in nonhuman primates. in this study, we make use of the long-term demographic data from cayo santiago's rhesus macaques to parameterize and analyze both a density-independent and a density-dependent population matrix model, and compare their projections with the observed population changes. we also employ a retrospect ... | 2013 | 23847126 |
| the impact of paternity on male-infant association in a primate with low paternity certainty. | in multimale groups where females mate promiscuously, male-infant associations have rarely been studied. however, recent studies have shown that males selectively support their offspring during agonistic conflicts with other juveniles and that father's presence accelerates offspring maturation. furthermore, it was shown that males invest in unrelated infants to enhance future mating success with the infant's mother. hence, infant care might provide fitness gain for males. here, we investigate ma ... | 2013 | 23682587 |