| variety of psp toxins in four culture strains of alexandrium minutum collected from southern taiwan. | paralytic shellfish poisoning (psp) toxin profiles were compared among four culture strains of alexandrium minutum. gtx-1, 2, 3 and 4 are the psp toxins that occur in a. minutum, and other psp toxins were not detected. when comparing the toxin profile of four a. minutum strains, gtx1 and 4 were the major toxins in amtk1, amtk2, and amtk4, but in amtk7, gtx3 and 2 were the major toxins. the results indicate that strains with various toxin profiles exist in southern taiwan, and suggest that the co ... | 2004 | 15033333 |
| effects of toxic dinoflagellates and toxin biotransformation in bivalves. | attempts were made to elucidate the different responses of shellfish to paralytic shellfish poison (psp) and the psp donor alexandrium minutum t1. five species of edible bivalves (crassostrea gigas, meretrix lusoria, mytilus edulis, ruditapes philippinarum, and soletellina diphos) were collected and examined for susceptibility to psp and psp donor. it was determined that all five bivalves had low susceptibility to psp following an intramuscular injection (> 300 mu/20 g). the abnormal effects on ... | 2002 | 12503874 |
| paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins accumulation in purple clam hiatula rostrata and toxic effect on milkfish chanos chanos larval fish. | in an attempt to feed purple clams (hiatula rostrata) with dinoglagellate alexandrium minutum, the maximal accumulation toxicity of paralytic shellfish poisoning (psp) toxins reached 40.6 mu/g on day 5 of feeding. subsequently, the toxicity increased no further, although purple clams ingested more toxic algae. furthermore, when milkfish (chanos chanos) larvae were treated with toxic, nontoxic a. minutum or psp toxin-containing extract in the water medium, it was found that the mortality of fish ... | 2001 | 11695819 |
| transmission of the paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, from dinoflagellate to gastropod. | purple clams, hiatula diphos linnaeus, are filter-feeding bivalves and maculated ivory shells. babylonia areolata link are carnivorous gastropods. both shellfishes are popular seafood delicacies among the taiwanese. hiatula diphos were forced to contain gonyautoxins (gtxs) in this research by feeding them with cells of alexandrium minutum halim, a toxic dinoflagellate species responsible for the paralytic shellfish poisonings in taiwan. the intoxicated purple clams of known toxicity and toxin co ... | 1998 | 9637371 |
| evidence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin in milkfish in south taiwan. | natural phytoplankton blooms of the dinoflagellate alexandrium minutum, milkfish (chanos chanos) exposed to natural blooms, sediment and mangrove crab (scylla serrata) were analysed for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins by high-performance liquid chromatography. the toxin profiles of milkfish and mangrove crab were similar to that of a. minutum collected from blooming fishponds. in a laboratory a. minutum-blooming environment, the stomach and intestine of milkfish accumulated paralytic shellf ... | 2003 | 12881129 |