| effects of management on understory diversity in the forest ecosystems of northern spain. | pine plantations are an alternative to marginal agriculture in many countries, and are often presented as an option that improves biodiversity. however, these plantations can have adverse environmental effects if improperly managed. to evaluate the effect of forest management practices on biodiversity, the diversity, species richness, dominance and frequency of understory woody plant species in different forests of the basque country (northern spain) were compared. plantations of exotic conifers ... | 2004 | 15726282 |