| utility of the polymerase chain reaction in detection of trypanosoma cruzi in guatemalan chagas' disease vectors. | for effective control programs, accurate assessment of trypanosoma cruzi infection in vectors is essential and has traditionally been performed by microscopic examination. for particular vectors and not others, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of fecal samples recently has been shown to be an effective means of detection. the sensitivities of the pcr and microscopy for detection of t. cruzi in different anatomic sites were compared in the two major vectors of guatemala, triatoma dimidiat ... | 1999 | 10344645 |
| incidence of trypanosoma cruzi infection in two guatemalan communities. | the prevalence of human infection by trypanosoma cruzi was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in a serological survey in 1998 of 2 rural communities (smh and ps) in guatemala. in smh (department of zacapa), where rhodnius prolixus was the principal vector, the seroprevalence amongst 373 people tested was 38.8%. in ps (department of santa rosa), where the main vector was triatoma dimidiata, 8.9% of the 428 people tested were seropositive. the overall prevalence of seropos ... | 2002 | 11925991 |
| impact of residual spraying on rhodnius prolixus and triatoma dimidiata in the department of zacapa in guatemala. | as a vector control program to control chagas disease in guatemala, residual spraying of rhodnius prolixus and triatoma dimidiata was performed, and its impact was measured in the department of zacapa. in order to identify infested villages and determine the degree of infestation, a baseline entomological survey to identify municipalities infested with vectors followed by an additional vector survey in areas known to be infested was conducted. residual spraying using pyrethroid insecticides was ... | 2003 | 12764447 |
| the impact of vector control on triatoma dimidiata in the guatemalan department of jutiapa. | in 2000, a national control operation against the triatomine vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, based on house spraying with residual pyrethroid insecticides, was initiated in guatemala. the impact of the operation against triatoma dimidiata in the most heavily infested department, jutiapa, was evaluated by pre- and post-spraying surveys of the vector populations. of the houses checked for tri. dimidiata in the baseline surveys, 18.3% were found to be infested with the bug, and in 12.1% of the villag ... | 2003 | 12803860 |
| epidemiology of chagas disease in guatemala: infection rate of triatoma dimidiata, triatoma nitida and rhodnius prolixus (hemiptera, reduviidae) with trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma rangeli (kinetoplastida, trypanosomatidae). | a five-year domiciliary collection in the 22 departments of guatemala showed that out of 4,128 triatomines collected, 1,675 were triatoma dimidiata (latreille, 1811), 2,344 were rhodnius prolixus stal 1859, and only 109 were t. nitida usinger 1939. the chagas disease parasite, trypanosoma cruzi, was found in all three species. their natural infection rates were similar in the first two species (20.6%; 19.1%) and slightly lower in t. nitida(13.8%). however there was no significant difference in t ... | 2003 | 12886407 |
| the chagas vector, triatoma dimidiata (hemiptera: reduviidae), is panmictic within and among adjacent villages in guatemala. | trypanosoma cruzi, the hemoflagellate parasite and cause of chagas disease in latin america, is carried by triatomine vectors, principally triatoma dimidiata and rhodnius prolixus in central america. to assist control efforts and to understand the epidemiology of the disease in guatemala, the population genetics of t. dimidiata was analyzed among three houses within a village and two adjacent villages in guatemala. eleven randomly amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr) pr ... | 2003 | 14680107 |
| habitats, dispersion and invasion of sylvatic triatoma dimidiata (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) in petén, guatemala. | dispersion and invasion capacity of sylvatic populations of triatoma dimidiata (latreille) were investigated during 14 mo by means of experimental chicken coops installed in a nature reserve within the maya biosphere, petén, guatemala. in addition, palm trees, underground archeological holes (chultunes) and piles of limestones within the forest were inspected as potential sylvatic habitats of t. dimidiata. from the three types of sylvatic habitats we inspected, all served as shelter and breeding ... | 2003 | 14765656 |
| a preliminary assessment of genetic differentiation of triatoma dimidiata (hemiptera: reduviidae) in guatemala by random amplification of polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction. | the population genetics of triatoma dimidiata (latreille, 1811) from five different provinces in guatemala, including three sylvan and three domestic populations, was investigated by random amplification of polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction. there is a high degree of genetic variation in all of the t. dimidiata populations as evidenced by high levels of average expected heterozygosity and polymorphism. domestic populations are more closely related to each other (d = 0.05-0.085, nei's gen ... | 2004 | 15535616 |
| intraspecific variability in triatoma dimidiata (hemiptera: reduviidae) populations from guatemala based on chemical and morphometric analyses. | the intraspecific variability of triatoma dimidiata latreille, a major vector of chagas disease, was studied in four departments of guatemala. insects were collected from either domestic and sylvatic habitats, and their cuticular hydrocarbon pattern and head morphology were analyzed using ordination and classification techniques. a significant discrimination was obtained both with morphometric and hydrocarbon analyses. insects from northern departments were easily differentiated from southern co ... | 2005 | 15691005 |
| geographical characterization of the triatomine infestations in north-central guatemala. | in an entomological study in 2002, the degree of domestic and peridomestic infestation with triatomine bugs and the geographical distribution of such infestations were investigated in north-central guatemala. the survey team searched for triatomines in houses constructed with mud walls or thatched roofs, in villages suspected of being infested. the level of infestation observed was lower than that seen in the same area and in eastern guatemala, in a preliminary survey, 3 years earlier. most of t ... | 2005 | 15829138 |
| morphometric analysis of triatoma dimidiata populations (reduviidae:triatominae) from mexico and northern guatemala. | triatoma dimidiata is one of the major vectors of chagas disease in latin america. its range includes mexico, all countries of central america, colombia, and ecuador. in light of recent genetic analysis suggesting that the possible origin of this species is the yucatan peninsula, we have analyzed populations from the state of yucatan, san luis potosi, and veracruz in mexico, and a population from the southern region of the yucatan peninsula located in northern guatemala, the region of el peten. ... | 2005 | 16184224 |
| cuticular hydrocarbon variability among triatoma dimidiata (hemiptera: reduviidae) populations from mexico and guatemala. | the geographic variation in the cuticular hydrocarbon pattern among 11 populations of triatoma dimidiata latreille (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) from different regions of mexico and guatemala, was studied using capillary gas chromatography. t. dimidiata populations were differentiated based on the relative amounts of 71 hydrocarbon components. insect population classification was mostly in agreement with their geographical vicinity; mexican populations from the yucatan peninsula grouped t ... | 2005 | 16363161 |
| chromosomal variation and genome size support existence of cryptic species of triatoma dimidiata with different epidemiological importance as chagas disease vectors. | the wide geographical distribution of triatoma dimidiata, one of the three major vectors of chagas disease, ranges from mexico to northern peru. since this species occupies a great diversity of artificial and natural ecotopes, its eradication is extremely difficult. in order to assist control efforts, we used chromosome analyses and dna amount as taxonomic markers to study genetic variability in populations of t. dimidiata from mexico, guatemala, el salvador and colombia. we differentiated three ... | 2006 | 16827710 |
| impact of single and multiple residual sprayings of pyrethroid insecticides against triatoma dimidiata (reduviiade; triatominae), the principal vector of chagas disease in jutiapa, guatemala. | this study investigated the impact of single, double, and triple insecticide sprayings on indoor infestation of triatoma dimidiata in jutiapa, guatemala. up to three successive insecticide sprayings were applied in villages, where the indoor infestation index was > 5% before each spraying round or located adjacent to the persistently infested villages. among 64 villages with single spraying, the mean indoor infestation index reduced from 20.8% to 1.4% after 12 months, but rose to 8.1% after 33 m ... | 2006 | 16896123 |
| the number of families of triatoma dimidiata in a guatemalan house. | triatoma dimidiata is an important vector of chagas disease in guatemala. to help understand the biology and population dynamics of the insect, we estimated the number of full sibling families living in one house. forty one families with an average size of 2.17 individuals were detected using random amplification of polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction genetic markers. this result suggests high levels of migration of the vector, polyandry, and a significant capability for spreading the dise ... | 2007 | 17426889 |
| environmental determinants of the distribution of chagas disease vectors in south-eastern guatemala. | the associations between the presence of triatomines and environmental variables were studied using correlation analysis and logistic regression models for a sample of villages in the south-eastern provinces of guatemala. information on the presence of triatoma dimidiata, t. nitida and rhodnius prolixus came from entomological surveys carried out by the ministry of health of guatemala as part of its vector control programme. environmental information for each village was extracted from digital t ... | 2007 | 18686245 |
| short report: concurrent detection of trypanosoma cruzi lineages i and ii in domestic triatoma dimidiata from guatemala. | the agent of chagas disease, trypanosoma cruzi, is phylogenetically divided into two lineages, t. cruzi i (tci) and ii (tcii). tci is found in sylvatic and domestic habitats across south america. despite a high prevalence of tcii in domestic habitats in south america, it has been rarely found in domestic habitats in central america and mexico. this may be caused by limitations in detection tests previously used. a modified hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to improve dete ... | 2009 | 19190220 |
| two distinct triatoma dimidiata (latreille, 1811) taxa are found in sympatry in guatemala and mexico. | approximately 10 million people are infected with trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease, which remains the most serious parasitic disease in the americas. most people are infected via triatomine vectors. transmission has been largely halted in south america in areas with predominantly domestic vectors. however, one of the main chagas vectors in mesoamerica, triatoma dimidiata, poses special challenges to control due to its diversity across its large geographic range (from mexi ... | 2009 | 19274073 |
| house improvements and community participation in the control of triatoma dimidiata re-infestation in jutiapa, guatemala. | the deterioration or absence of plaster walls in houses and poor hygienic conditions are the most important risk factors for indoor triatoma dimidiata infestation in guatemala. a cross-disciplinary study was conducted addressing t. dimidiata infestation, household hygiene, and housing construction. the study focused on local materials and cultural aspects (including gender roles) that could lead to long-term improvements in wall construction. a new plaster mix for walls was developed on the basi ... | 2009 | 19287861 |
| risk factors for intradomiciliary infestation by the chagas disease vector triatoma dimidiatain jutiapa, guatemala. | seventeen variables were evaluated as possible risk factors for the intradomiciliary infestation with triatoma dimidiata in 644 houses in jutiapa, guatemala. during 2004 the houses were assessed for vector presence and evaluated for hygiene, cluttering, material comfort, construction conditions and number of inhabitants, among other factors. chi-square analysis detected significant associations between vector presence and eight variables related to domestic sanitary and construction conditions. ... | 2009 | 19287870 |