| o-antigenic lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, a new epidemic strain for recent cholera in the indian subcontinent. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio cholerae o139 bengal contained colitose (3,6-dideoxy-l-galactose) in addition to glucose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, fructose, glucosamine and quinovosamine in its polysaccharide and only glucosamine in lipid a, while perosamine, a characteristic component sugar of v. cholerae o1 lps, was absent. 3-hydroxydodecanoic, tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids as ester-bound fatty acids and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid as amide-bound fatty acid were identified in the ... | 1993 | 7504475 |
| molecular analysis of rrna and cholera toxin genes carried by the new epidemic strain of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal. | vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal recently caused large epidemics of cholera-like disease in bangladesh and india. we compared the restriction fragment length polymorphisms of ctxa and rrna genes (ribotypes) in 27 isolates of v. cholerae o139 from patients in bangladesh and india with those of 48 isolates of v. cholerae o1 from patients and 21 v. cholerae isolates from surface waters in bangladesh, which included 2 o139 and 19 other non-o1 isolates. ribotyping of the isolates with bgli reveale ... | 1994 | 7517950 |
| colonization ability & intestinal pathology of rabbits orally fed with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | the colonization ability of a representative epidemic strain of v. cholerae o139 bengal was studied in the oral rabbit colonization model and the nature of colonization in the ileal and jejunal tissues was examined ultrastructurally. results of the colonization study and ileal loop assay indicated that the strain proliferates and colonizes the small intestine of the rabbit mucosal surface. further, the electronmicroscopic study revealed the disruptive effect of the strain on the apical membrane ... | 1995 | 7729849 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal in hong kong. | | 1994 | 7811886 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 bengal: the eighth pandemic strain of cholera. | | 1994 | 7835993 |
| diversity of dna sequences among vibrio cholerae o139 bengal detected by pcr-based dna fingerprinting. | vibrio cholerae o139, a causative agent of a large epidemic of cholera-like illness, has suddenly emerged and spread widely over several months. to investigate the characteristics unique to o139, traditional typing techniques for v. cholerae, such as biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility and detection of toxin production, were performed, with the result that 145 o139 strains, except for two o139 strains isolated from argentina and germany, were indistinguishable from o1 strains. ... | 1995 | 7896075 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 bengal isolated from india, bangladesh and thailand are clonal as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | | 1994 | 7963625 |
| spread of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal in india. | vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 bengal, a novel strain with epidemic potential, completely displaced v. cholerae serogroup 01 in calcutta in january 1993, which was followed by an epidemic caused by v. cholerae o139 in march-may 1993. from november 1992 to july 1993, 95.6% of 916 v. cholerae isolates submitted to the national institute of cholera and enteric diseases from 28 locations in india were confirmed as serogroup o139. as of july 1993, v. cholerae o139 had been isolated from 13 indian sta ... | 1994 | 8169387 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae o139 bengal is genetically related to v. cholerae o1 el tor ogawa isolated in mexico. | | 1994 | 8195632 |
| nationwide prevalence of the new epidemic strain of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal in india. | | 1993 | 8370938 |
| immunochemical aspects of lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, a new epidemic strain for recent, fast-spreading cholera in the indian subcontinent. | | 1995 | 8524922 |
| [epidemic of cholera due to a new serogroup vibrio cholerae o139 bengal]. | | 1995 | 8544342 |
| epidemiologic study of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in thailand: at the advancing edge of the eighth pandemic. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal emerged on the indian subcontinent in late 1992 and was first recognized in thailand in 1993. to characterize the epidemiology of this disease, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in samutsakorn, a port city 30 km southwest of bangkok. between november 15, 1993, and june 3, 1994, 366 patients were confirmed to have cholera by culture, including 165 (45%) with o139 bengal, 191 (52%) with o1 ogawa, and 10 (3%) with both serogroups. during the same time per ... | 1996 | 8561160 |
| development and testing of monoclonal antibody-based rapid immunodiagnostic test kits for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal. | we report on the development and testing of two monoclonal antibody-based rapid immunodiagnostic test kits, bengalscreen, a coagglutination test, and bengal dfa, a direct fluorescent-antibody test, for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal in clinical and environmental specimens. the bengalscreen test requires less than 5 min to complete and can be used in the field. bengal dfa, being more sensitive than bengalscreen, requires only one reagent and less than 20 min for detection ... | 1995 | 8576349 |
| faecal leucocytes in cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | | 1996 | 8708334 |
| epidemiology & molecular biology of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | the emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal as the second aetiologic agent of epidemic cholera in october 1992 in the south indian coastal city of madras has shattered the long-held notion that only v. cholerae belonging to serogroup o1 are capable of causing epidemic (and pandemic) cholera. within months of its appearance in madras, v. cholerae o139 engulfed the entire indian subcontinent in a series of outbreaks of cholera. it also spread to several neighbouring countries in asia. several wes ... | 1996 | 8783504 |
| resurgence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal with altered antibiogram in calcutta, india. | | 1996 | 8888210 |
| novel vibrio cholerae o139 genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | the sequence of part of the rfb region of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 and the physical map of a 35-kb region of the o139 chromosome have been determined. the o139 rfb region presented contains a number of open reading frames which show similarities to other rfb and capsular biosynthesis genes found in members of the enterobacteriaceae family and in v. cholerae o1. the cloned and sequenced region can complement the defects in o139 antigen biosynthesis in transposon insertions within the o139 r ... | 1997 | 9098074 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of some antibiotics against vibrio cholerae o139 isolates from pondicherry. | the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of vibrio cholerae o139, bengal, an emerging intestinal pathogen has been determined by the kirby bauer technique and the mic values of some antibiotics against these strains by agar dilution technique. all the strains were susceptible to tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and a majority was susceptible to gentamicin (95.7%) and nalidixic acid (82.9%). only 51% were susceptible to cefotaxime and most strains were resistant to furazolidone (95.7%), ampi ... | 1997 | 9287939 |
| unique organization of the ctx genetic element in vibrio cholerae o139 strains which reemerged in calcutta, india, in september 1996. | we studied the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rrna gene and ctx genetic element in vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, which resurged in calcutta in september 1996 after a gap of 32 months. while the strains from this resurgence were indistinguishable from the earlier strains by ribotyping, the structure of the ctx genetic element present in the current o139 strains was found to be unconventional. | 1997 | 9399556 |
| heterogeneity in the organization of the ctx genetic element in strains of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal isolated from calcutta, india and dhaka, bangladesh and its possible link to the dissimilar incidence of o139 cholera in the two locales. | after a lapse of 33 months, vibrio cholerae o139, the new serogroup associated with cholera, has re-emerged in calcutta, india and has become the dominant serogroup causing cholera from september 1996. in neighbouring bangladesh, v. cholerae o1 biotype el tor continues to be the dominant cause of cholera with the o139 serogroup accounting for only a small proportion of cases. comparison of the phenotypic traits of representative o139 strains from calcutta and dhaka isolated between december 1996 ... | 1998 | 9514639 |
| molecular epidemiology of reemergent vibrio cholerae o139 bengal in india. | we report the prevalence of the o139 serogroup in calcutta, india, after its reemergence in august 1996 and the spread of the reemerged clone to other parts of the country by using previously established molecular markers. phenotypically, the reemerged vibrio cholerae o139 displayed a difference compared to those that appeared in late 1992 and 1993 in that the current o139 strains are sensitive to co-trimoxazole. ribotyping with the enzyme bgli produced two rrna restriction patterns in the o139 ... | 1998 | 9650989 |
| a localised outbreak of vibrio cholerae o139 in kolkata, west bengal. | an explosive outbreak of diarrhoeal disease which occurred in the baishnabghata, patuli area of kolkata municipal corporation during september 28 to october 12, 2000, was investigated by a team from the national institute of cholera and enteric diseases, kolkata, to identify the causative agent and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. | 2002 | 12239837 |
| emergence and evolution of vibrio cholerae o139. | the emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal during 1992-1993 was associated with large epidemics of cholera in india and bangladesh and, initially, with a total displacement of the existing v. cholerae o1 strains. however, the o1 strains reemerged in 1994 and initiated a series of disappearance and reemergence of either of the two serogroups that was associated with temporal genetic and phenotypic changes sustained by the strains. since the initial emergence of the o139 vibrios, new variants of ... | 2003 | 12538850 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal isolated from water and the aquatic plant eichhornia crassipes in the river ganga, varanasi, india. | a collection of ten strains of vibrio cholerae o139, comprising six isolates from eichhornia crassipes, two from water of the river ganga, and one each from a well and a hand pump, were characterized. all the strains carried the ctx genetic element (ctxa, zot, and ace) except for the st gene and carried structural and regulatory genes for toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa, tcpi, and toxr), adherence factor (ompu), and accessory colonization factor (acfb); all produced cholera toxin (ct). these strai ... | 2003 | 12676727 |
| phenotypic and genotypic traits and epidemiological implication of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains in india during 2003. | during 2003, vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa was the predominant serotype among diarrhoeal patients admitted to different hospitals in india. with the exception of 3 strains from kolkata, none of 172 strains examined exhibited resistance to tetracycline, but 45.7 % showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. extensive molecular characterization using randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis, ribotyping and pfge revealed that almost all the strains within a serogroup were clonally related. along ... | 2007 | 17510270 |
| molecular epidemiological studies of vibrio cholerae in bengal region. | vibrio cholerae isolates from environmental and clinical origins in the bengal region in which epidemics of cholera break out periodically were analyzed with particular emphasis on the molecular epidemiological features. the presence of the virulence genes (ctxa, tcpa and toxr) in the isolates was analyzed by the pcr (polymerase chain reaction) method. pfge (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) was performed to determine the clonal relationships between the clinical and environmental strains. antib ... | 2008 | 18432110 |
| surveillance of vibriophages reveals their role as biomonitoring agents in kolkata. | cholera is a public health threat in all developing countries. kolkata, a city in eastern india, is an endemic zone for cholera. during the course of a comprehensive investigation on the distribution of phages of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in freshwater bodies in kolkata, we were able to isolate the phages of v. cholerae o1 and o139. vibrio cholerae o1 phages were found at all the sites and exhibited a distinct seasonal cycle, with a primary peak (13.6-17.2 pfu ml(-1)) during monsoon (june to a ... | 2009 | 19220862 |
| genetic analysis of ctx prophages with special reference to ctxb and rstr alleles of vibrio cholerae o139 strains isolated from kolkata over a decade. | chronological analysis of 125 vibrio cholerae o139 strains isolated during 1993-2005 in kolkata revealed the prevalence of two new genotypes of cholera toxin (ct) and novel combinations of ctxb and rstr alleles resulting in variant ctx prophages. one of the new genotypes of ctxb, which first appeared in 1996 with the re-emerged v. cholerae o139 strains that had ctx calcutta phage, was designated as genotype 4. in 1998, another new genotype, designated as genotype 5, was detected that prevailed m ... | 2010 | 20030720 |