| the use of morphometrics in entomological surveillance of sylvatic foci of triatoma infestans in bolivia. | jamach'uma (cochabamba, bolivia) is a small village surrounded by sylvatic foci of triatoma infestans. houses in the village were also infested with t infestans, and were sprayed in december 1992 as part of a chagas disease vector control trial. ten months later the houses were found to be again infested with a few fifth instar nymphs of t. infestans. these nymphs were compared by seven head measurements with 36 fifth instar nymphs collected from houses in jamach'uma before treatment, and with t ... | 1997 | 9210965 |
| metric differences between silvatic and domestic triatoma infestans (heteroptera: reduviidae) in bolivia. | one hundred and fifty-seven specimens of bolivian triatoma infestans (klug 1834), including 44 from the silvatic focus at cochabamba (bolivia), were compared using morphometric characters of the head capsule. from these specimens, 10 silvatic and 28 domestic adults were also compared using additional morphometric characters of the membranous part of the hemelytra. nonparametric univariate comparisons between specimens from silvatic and domestic ecotopes indicated the importance of the postocular ... | 1997 | 9379460 |
| smallness of the panmictic unit of triatoma infestans (hemiptera: reduviidae). | the population genetic structure of triatoma infestans (klug), the principal vector of the causative agent of chagas disease in bolivia, was investigated by enzyme electrophoresis at 15 loci, of which 3 were polymorphic. a total of 1,286 adults and nymphs was collected from 19 localities of the cochabamba (high endemicity) and la paz (low endemicity) departments. previous results were confirmed, including a low level of polymorphism (0.20), low genetic distance between geographic areas, and a po ... | 1998 | 9835679 |
| chagas disease in an area of recent occupation in cochabamba, bolivia. | a descriptive, entomological and seroepidemiological study on chagas disease was conducted in a place of recent occupation on the outskirts of cochabamba, bolivia: avaroa/primer de mayo (population:3,000), where the socio-economic level is low and no control measures have been made available. | 1999 | 10456995 |
| comparative developmental and susceptibility to insecticide of bolivian and brazilian populations of triatoma infestans. | the triatomine bug triatoma infestans probably originated in bolivia and dispersed passively over wide areas of south america, where it is the principal vector of trypanosoma cruzi. in the region of its probable origin this species shows colonization in two different ecotopes, so that it may be encountered in sylvatic as well as in artificial habitats. the sylvatic colonization pattern is not observed in the rest of its range, where t. infestans is exclusive to man-made habitats. the objective o ... | 2000 | 11080780 |
| phenotypic diversity of triatoma infestans at the microgeographic level in the gran chaco of argentina and the andean valleys of bolivia. | triatoma infestans (klug) is the main vector of trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of chagas disease. the phenotype of the species varies at different geographic scales. the objective of this study was to compare the antennal phenotype of spatially close t. infestans populations and to evaluate its usefulness as a marker of exchange of individuals between populations. the antennal phenotype of 190 t. infestans from argentina and bolivia was analyzed using uni- and multivariate techniques. this s ... | 2008 | 18714865 |
| new insights on the spread of triatoma infestans from bolivia--implications for chagas disease emergence in the southern cone. | triatoma infestans, now eliminated from most of south america by control campaigns, has been and still is the main chagas disease vector due to its ability to colonize rural dwellings. the traditional hypothesis put forth to explain t. infestans adaptation to the synanthropic environment rests on the domestication of wild guinea pigs, one of its natural hosts, by andean tribes about 5000 bc. here we present two new hypotheses, based on organized human social activities. the first involves maize ... | 2010 | 20060504 |
| head morphometry and isoenzymatic profile of two triatoma infestans klůg, 1834 (hemiptera, reduviidae) populations. | the triatomine bug triatoma infestans was probably originated in bolivia and dispersed passively over large areas of south america, where it is the major vector of trypanosoma cruzi. in its probable origin area this species shows two different patterns of behaviour, being found both in sylvatic and human related habitats. such behaviour is not observed in other areas of its distribution, where it is exclusive to human related habitats. the main objective of the present study was to evaluate head ... | 2011 | 19653989 |
| urban transmission of chagas disease in cochabamba, bolivia. | chagas disease is a major public health problem in bolivia. in the city of cochabamba, 58% of the population lives in peripheral urban districts ("popular zones") where the infection prevalence is extremely high. from 1995 to 1999, we studied the demographics of chagas infections in children from five to 13 years old (n = 2218) from the south zone (sz) and north zone (nz) districts, which differ in social, environmental, and agricultural conditions. information gathered from these districts demo ... | 2008 | 18797753 |
| trypanosoma cruzi (kinetoplastida trypanosomatidae): ecology of the transmission cycle in the wild environment of the andean valley of cochabamba, bolivia. | an active trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle maintained by wild rodents in the andean valleys of cochabamba bolivia is described. wild and domestic triatoma infestans with 60% infection with t. cruzi were found and was evidenced in 47.5% (rodents) and 26.7% (marsupial) by parasitological and/or serologycal methods. phyllotis ocilae and the marsupial species thylamys elegans, are the most important reservoirs followed by bolomys lactens and akodon boliviensis. in spite of both genotypes (tci an ... | 2006 | 16797540 |
| can wild triatoma infestans foci in bolivia jeopardize chagas disease control efforts? | the expected success of chagas disease control programs in the southern cone countries relied on the assumption that triatoma infestans, the main domestic vector, did not maintain silvatic foci except in the cochabamba valley in bolivia. recent fieldwork revealed that wild populations of this vector are much more widespread throughout bolivia than previously thought. therefore, it is important to find out whether these silvatic populations could jeopardize control efforts in bolivia, and to inve ... | 2005 | 15639733 |
| field application of polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and strain typing of trypanosoma cruzi in bolivian triatomines. | a new approach for direct identification and characterization of trypanosoma cruzi stocks in biological samples was tested for field applicability on an extensive sample of feces collected from triatomine vectors from four different species found in bolivia. the first step of the technique is polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the hypervariable region of kinetoplast dna minicircles of t. cruzi parasites. in this report, 345 fecal samples were analyzed and the pcr results were compa ... | 1995 | 7677221 |