| a serologic survey of brucellosis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in missouri. | during the hunting seasons of 1979 and 1980, sera were collected from 713 white-tailed deer in missouri and tested for antibodies to brucella abortus using the standard tube agglutination, standard plate agglutination, brucella buffered antigen card agglutination and rivanol agglutination tests. only one sample was considered to be positive for brucella antibodies. this study demonstrated that white-tailed deer in missouri were not an important reservoir host of brucellosis. | 1983 | 6417351 |
| sarcocystis of deer in south dakota. | the prevalence of sarcocystis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (o. hemionus) in south dakota was determined through microscopic examination of tongue samples. the percentage of sarcocystis infection for both species of deer was determined for prairies east of the missouri river, west of the missouri river, and black hills of western south dakota. sixteen percent (n = 62) of the white-tailed deer tongues from east river, 69% (n = 42) from west river, and 74% (n = 23) fr ... | 1982 | 6808161 |
| serologic evidence of anaplasma marginale infection in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in missouri. | | 1981 | 7253101 |
| an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in missouri: necropsy findings and population impact. | an epizootic occurred among white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from july through october 1988 in missouri (usa). from late july through september, nine necropsied deer had lesions of the peracute or acute forms of hemorrhagic disease (hd) or no apparent lesions, whereas two deer necropsied in october had lesions of the chronic form of hd. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus was isolated from two necropsied deer. based on changes in population indices, there is evidence that deer populati ... | 1995 | 7563421 |
| white-tailed deer as a potential reservoir of ehrlichia spp. | we determined the antibody prevalence to ehrlichia spp., in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and the geographic distribution of seropositive animals in 84 counties in alabama, arkansas, florida, georgia, illinois, kentucky, louisiana, maryland, massachusetts, mississippi, missouri, north carolina, south carolina, tennessee, texas, virginia, and west virginia (usa). using an indirect fluorescent antibody test we detected antibodies (> or = 1:128) to this bacterium in 544 (43%) of 1269 d ... | 1994 | 8028099 |
| the role of deer as a possible reservoir host of potosi virus, a newly recognized arbovirus in the united states. | potosi (pot) virus (bunyaviridae) was isolated from aedes albopictus, an introduced asian mosquito species, collected at a used tire yard in potosi, missouri (usa), in august and september, 1989. in september, 1990, small animals were trapped at the tire yard and six cattle were sampled at an adjacent farm; in november 1990 and 1991, blood samples were collected with filter paper strips from 364 hunter-killed, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the region to determine the possible res ... | 1996 | 8827670 |
| some factors affecting infestation of white-tailed deer by blacklegged ticks and winter ticks (acari:ixodidae) in southeastern missouri. | a total of 5,669 ticks of 4 species was collected from 515 hunter killed, white-tailed deer. odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), in southeastern missouri from 1993 through 1995. the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) (4 adults), the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.) (57 adults, 2 nymphs), the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis (say) (3,120 adults), and the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus (packard) (2.059 adults, 436 nymphs, 1 larva) were collected. patterns of adult d. ... | 1997 | 9151505 |
| seasonal activity and host associations of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern missouri. | based on tick collections recovered from wild vertebrates and by dragging, the seasonal occurrence of adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say, extended from october through may in southeastern missouri. adult activity was bimodal with the higher peak occurring in november followed by a lower peak in february. the activity of immature i. scapularis had the general pattern of that found in the northeast where lyme disease is hyperendemic, with larval activity (july) peaking after that of ny ... | 1999 | 10593072 |
| theileriosis in a missouri beef herd caused by theileria buffeli: case report, herd investigation, ultrastructure, phylogenetic analysis, and experimental transmission. | a 6-year-old simmental cow infected with theileria buffeli had a clinical disease characterized by theilerial parasitemia, macrocytic normochromic anemia with acanthocytosis and spherocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia (lymphocytosis, edematous lymphadenomegaly), dysproteinemia, evidence of liver disease, and a low serum antibody titer against t. buffeli. the cow was in a herd in which all cattle originated in missouri; 22/75 (29%) of cattle had a theilerial parasitemia and 26/75 (35%) had titers to ... | 2000 | 10643976 |
| parelaphostrongyliasis in white-tailed deer in missouri. | the heads of 137 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected on the opening day of the 1996 missouri (usa) fire-arms deer season and surveyed for the presence of meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis). eighteen percent of the deer examined were infected. mean intensity of infection was 2.0 (range 1-7). there were no significant differences of infection or mean intensity when deer were classified and compared according to sex or age class. | 2000 | 10941746 |
| an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer in missouri. | as part of a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) survival study in missouri (usa) we were actively monitoring 97 radio-collared deer when 8 (8%) died. this mortality, which occurred from 20 august to 23 september 1996, consisted of five adult females, two yearling females and one yearling male. based on the seasonality of this mortality and the isolation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 2 from one of these animals, we believe that these losses resulted from an epizoo ... | 2000 | 10941752 |
| host association and seasonal activity of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in missouri. | from june 1993 through june 1996, 2,260 adult, 4,426 nymphal, and 2,178 larval lone star ticks amblyomma americanum (l.) were collected in missouri from vertebrate hosts and by dragging a cloth over vegetation. prevalence, mean intensity, and relative abundance of each stage varied among hosts. the relative abundance of adult lone star ticks was highest on white-tailed deer, but this stage was also collected from raccoons, opossum, red fox, coyotes, and wild turkey. nymphs were collected from gr ... | 2000 | 11128501 |
| host utilization and seasonal occurrence of dermacentor species (acari:ixodidae) in missouri, usa. | a total of 3,235 dermacentor variabilis (say) specimens were collected from birds, mammals, and by dragging vegetation, and 2,683 d. albipictus (packard) ticks were collected from deer from 1993 to 1996. peak seasonal occurrence of adult d. variabilis was from may through july with a precipitous decrease in august. nymphal d. variabilis populations peaked in june. peak activity of larvae was bimodal, with one activity peak during late summer (september) and a second peak in winter or early sprin ... | 2000 | 11201355 |
| detection and multigenic characterization of a herpesvirus associated with malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from missouri. | between 1998 and 2001, tissues from four captive white-tailed deer were observed to have histologic lesions of systemic lymphocytic vasculitis. these lesions suggested malignant catarrhal fever, although epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue were included in the differential diagnosis. initial diagnostic efforts, including virus isolation and reverse transcription-pcr for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus, failed to identify an etiologic agent. however, consensus pr ... | 2002 | 11923350 |
| detection of ehrlichia spp. in the blood of wild white-tailed deer in missouri by pcr assay and serologic analysis. | blood samples collected from wild deer in missouri in november of 2000 and 2001 were positive by pcr assays for ehrlichia chaffeensis (50 of 217; 23%), ehrlichia ewingii (44 of 217; 20%), and anaplasma species (214 of 217; 99%). nucleotide sequences of selected amplicons from the assay for anaplasma matched sequences of the white-tailed deer agent. serologic analysis of 112 deer sampled in 2000 showed a very high prevalence of antibodies to e. chaffeensis (97 of 112; 87%) and a low prevalence of ... | 2003 | 12624063 |
| distribution of meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in south dakota. | heads of hunter-harvested deer (odocoileus sp.) and elk (cervus elaphus) were collected from meat processing plants throughout south dakota (usa) from 1997 through 1999 to determine distribution of meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in eastern and western south dakota. a total of 2,848 white-tailed deer (wtd) were examined for p. tenuis, of which 578 (20.3%) were infected with the parasite. of 578 deer infected, 570 (98.6%) were harvested east of the missouri river. our results indicate ... | 2004 | 15137501 |
| the pcs20 pcr assay for ehrlichia ruminantium does not cross-react with the novel deer ehrlichial agent found in white-tailed deer in the united states of america. | white-tailed deer are susceptible to heartwater (ehrlichia [cowdria] ruminantium infection) and are likely to suffer high mortality if the disease spreads to the united states. it is vital, therefore, to validate a highly specific and sensitive detection method for e. ruminantium infection that can be reliably used in testing white-tailed deer, which are reservoirs of antigenically or genetically related agents such as ehrlichia chaffeensis, anaplasma (ehrlichia) phagocytophilum (hge agent) and ... | 2004 | 15373331 |
| theileriosis in a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawn. | a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawn was collected in missouri (usa) and submitted for diagnostic evaluation. necropsy and histologic examination revealed severe amblyomma americanum infestation, pronounced icterus, and marked hemosiderin deposition in the liver and spleen. whole blood evaluation revealed a normocytic normochromic anemia and a piroplasm parasitemia of approximately 70%. the piroplasm was identified as theileria cervi by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of th ... | 2005 | 16456174 |
| neospora caninum antibodies detected in midwestern white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) by western blot and elisa. | white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) serve to maintain the neospora caninum life cycle in the wild. sera from white-tailed deer from south central wisconsin and southeastern missouri, usa were tested for antibodies to n. caninum by western blot analyses and two indirect elisas. seroreactivity against n. caninum surface antigens was observed in 30 of 147 (20%) of wi deer and 11 of 23 (48%) of mo deer using western blot analysis. compared to western blot, the two indirect elisas were found t ... | 2007 | 17194547 |
| natural and experimental infection of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from the united states with an ehrlichia sp. closely related to ehrlichia ruminantium. | an ehrlichia sp. (panola mountain [pm] ehrlichia sp.) closely related to ehrlichia ruminantium was recently detected in a domestic goat experimentally infested with lone star ticks (lsts, amblyomma americanum) collected from georgia, usa. the infected goat exhibited pyrexia and mild clinical pathologic abnormalities consistent with ehrlichiosis. at least two other ehrlichia species (ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii) are maintained in nature by a cycle involving lsts as the primary vec ... | 2008 | 18436670 |
| influence of prescribed burns on the abundance of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in the missouri ozarks. | the increasingly widespread use of prescribed burns to manage oak (quercus spp.)-hickory (carya spp.) forests in the missouri ozarks, usa, has considerable potential to alter the abundance of amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae), the lone star tick, an important vector of several emerging pathogens. in particular, responses of important tick hosts, primarily white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), to fire management and the resultant changes in the distribution and abundance of a. ame ... | 2009 | 19769033 |
| detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in the usa containing rna segments derived from both exotic (ehdv-6) and endemic (ehdv-2) serotypes. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a culicoides-transmitted orbivirus that infects domestic and wild ruminants and is provisionally thought to be distributed throughout africa, north america, australia, east asia and the middle east. historically, of the seven proposed serotypes of ehdv, only ehdv-1 and ehdv-2 have been reported from north america. in 2006, ehdv isolates were recovered from moribund or dead white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in indiana and illinois that could ... | 2010 | 19828758 |
| invasive honeysuckle eradication reduces tick-borne disease risk by altering host dynamics. | despite the ubiquity of invasive organisms and their often deleterious effects on native flora and fauna, the consequences of biological invasions for human health and the ecological mechanisms through which they occur are rarely considered. here we demonstrate that a widespread invasive shrub in north america, amur honeysuckle (lonicera maackii), increases human risk of exposure to ehrlichiosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by bacterial pathogens transmitted by the lone star tick (ambl ... | 2010 | 20937859 |
| serological investigation of heartland virus (bunyaviridae: phlebovirus) exposure in wild and domestic animals adjacent to human case sites in missouri 2012-2013. | heartland virus (hrtv; bunyaviridae: phlebovirus) has recently emerged as a causative agent of human disease characterized by thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in the united states. the lone star tick (amblyomma americanum l.) has been implicated as a vector. to identify candidate vertebrate amplification hosts associated with enzootic maintenance of the virus, sera and ticks were sampled from 160 mammals (8 species) and 139 birds (26 species) captured near 2 human case residences in andrew and no ... | 2015 | 25870419 |
| mobuck virus genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis: identification of a novel orbivirus isolated from a white-tailed deer in missouri, usa. | the genus orbivirus includes a diverse group of segmented dsrna viruses that are transmitted via arthropods, have a global distribution and affect a wide range of hosts. a novel orbivirus was co-isolated with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) from a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) exhibiting clinical signs characteristic of ehdv. using antiserum generated against ehdv, a pure isolate of the novel non-cytopathic orbivirus was obtained in aedes albopictus cell culture. genomic ... | 2014 | 24114792 |
| influence of ecologic factors on prevalence of meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) infection in south dakota, usa. | the meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) is a nematode parasite that commonly infects white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus; wtd) throughout the deciduous forest biome and deciduous-coniferous ecotone of eastern and central north america; the species is not known to occur west of the grassland biome of central north america. we used county-specific prevalence data to evaluate potential effects of landscape and climatologic factors on the spatial distribution of meningeal worm infectio ... | 2015 | 25588013 |
| review of the 2012 epizootic hemorrhagic disease outbreak in domestic ruminants in the united states. | an unusually large number of cases of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) were observed in united states cattle and white-tailed deer in the summer and fall of 2012. usda aphis veterinary services area offices were asked to report on foreign animal disease investigations and state diagnostic laboratory submissions which resulted in a diagnosis of ehd based on positive pcr results. ehd was reported in the following species: cattle (129 herds), captive white-tailed deer (65 herds), bison (8 herds) ... | 2015 | 26244773 |
| theileriosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) associated with a potentially novel theileria sp. | a 5-year-old male neutered reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from missouri was presented with a 3-week history of anorexia, respiratory distress, lethargy, and weight loss. blood smear review revealed that a small percentage of rbcs contained small (1-2 μm in length) pleomorphic piroplasms (signet ring, rod- or pear-shaped, and elongate forms) with an eccentric magenta nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. nested pcr to specifically amplify a portion of the piroplasm small subunit ribosomal rna ... | 2012 | 23025520 |