| observations on culex quinquefasciatus say in relation to transmission of filariasis due to subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti in samoa. | observations on culex quinquefasciatus say in samoa during a study of the epidemiology and control of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis are reported. the man-biting rate of c. quinquefasciatus was comparable with that of aedes (finlaya) samoanus gruenberg in one indicator village and lower in another. the house-frequenting behaviour of the two species was similar. culex quinquefasciatus was active throughout the night with peak biting during midnight hours, and its survivorship, estimated by tw ... | 1992 | 1288433 |
| [filarian elephantiasis in french polynesia (wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica). ii. biological aspects]. | realized in french polynesia among 274 patients with elephantiasis, this survey studied the microfilaremia, the eosinophily, the immunoglobulin titers and the antifilarian antibodies (done by passive hemagglutination) for wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica. patients with elephantiasis seldom have circulating microfilariae in their blood. hypereosinophily is frequent but rarely high. it is similar to the one patients with microfilaremia. there is a trend towards neutropenia during lymphangitic cr ... | 1978 | 385164 |
| [filarian elephantiasis in french polynesia (wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica). health study on 274 subjects. i epidemiological and clinical aspects]. | twenty-five years after the fight started against wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica in french polynesia and which was based upon mass chimiotherapy by diethylcarbamazine (banocide), a survey realized in 1975 and 1976 among 274 patients with elephantiasis allows us to give precise details of the local clinical and epidemiological aspects. since 1950 the number of clinical cases varies along with the parasitological incidence, but with a certain delay which is explained by the late and irreversib ... | 1978 | 385163 |
| longevity of wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica and mosquito infection acquired from a patient with low level parasitemia. | two cases are reported which illustrate important epidemiological aspects of lymphatic filariasis--prolonged longevity of the adult parasite and the possibility of transmission by individuals with ultra-low level microfilaremia. these cases demonstrate that people can remain carriers of microfilariae in the peripheral blood for many years without reinfection, and even those with a low level microfilaremia can constitute a significant reservoir of mosquito infection. such cases represent one of t ... | 1979 | 373472 |
| periodic mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine for the control of filariasis in american samoa. | filariasis surveys made during 1962-63 in 5 villages in american samoa among persons over 5 years of age gave an elephantiasis rate of 3.4%, a microfilarial rate of 26% and a median microfilarial rate (mfd(50)) of 29. these rates were somewhat higher than those found in surveys made in the same villages among villagers of the same ages some 20 years previously. a mass treatment programme with diethylcarbamazine was then decided on.preliminary treatment with a single total regimen of 72 mg of the ... | 1970 | 4396819 |
| epidemiology of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in samoa 8 years after control by mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine. | in 1979, a microfilarial prevalence study was conducted in a population of 8385 persons inhabiting 28 villages in samoa using both the nuclepore filtration (np) method (with 1 ml blood) and the fingerprick (fp) method (with 60 mm(3) blood). the overall prevalence rate was 4.5% by the np method and 3.8% by the fp method. the average microfilarial prevalence in males was 2.3 times higher than in females, and the rate among males aged 30 years and over was as high as 20%. the positive cases were fo ... | 1985 | 3912078 |
| [serum proteins in lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica. electrophoretic study and immunochemical assay of a, m, g, and e immunoglobulins]. | | 1972 | 4631949 |
| filariasis transmission in samoa. i. relation between density of microfilariae and larval density in laboratory-bred and wild-caught aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis (marks) and wild-caught aedes (finlaya) samoanus (gruenberg). | transmission experiments of laboratory-bred and wild-caught aedes polynesiensis and wild-caught ae. samoanus on carriers with different levels of microfilaraemia showed that the percentage of mosquitoes infected, the average number and range of larvae found in each infected mosquito were directly proportional to the microfilarial densities in the carrier at the time of feeding. there was no difference between the results for laboratory-bred and wild-caught mosquitoes. aedes polynesiensis fed on ... | 1985 | 3885880 |
| filariasis transmission in samoa. ii. some factors related to the development of microfilariae in the intermediate host. | the developmental period of microfilariae of sub-periodic wuchereria bancrofti in laboratory-bred aedes polynesiensis and ae. samoanus was shorter in the warm season (december to may) than in the cool season (june to november). in the warm season the microfilariae reached the 'sausage' stage in three days, cylindrical second stage in seven days and the infective stage in 12 days after the infecting meal. during the cool season the incubation period was extended to 14 days. microfilariae persisti ... | 1985 | 3885878 |
| [bancroftian filariasis in french polynesia. epidemiologic status and perspectives after a 35-year preventive campaign]. | the authors assess of three decades of struggle against bancroftian filariasis in french polynesia. wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica, aperiodic filaria, and aedes polynesiensis, mosquito with high parasitologic output, set up a cycle very well adapted to the polynesian environment; after numerous tests, the chemoprophylaxis with diethylcarbamazine (3 mg/kg/half-year) of all the exposed population has been decided, in association with methods of vector-control (use of predatory crustaceans). ho ... | 1986 | 3516427 |
| distribution of vectors, transmission indices and microfilaria rates of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti in relation to village ecotypes in samoa. | aedes polynesiensis and ae. samoanus biting densities and wuchereria bancrofti infection and infective rates were studied in 47 villages throughout the islands of samoa upolu, manono and savaii during 1978-79, and microfilaria (mf) rates were surveyed in 28 of the villages. the mf rate was correlated with both infection and infective rates of ae. polynesiensis in upolu, but not of ae. samoanus. in upolu, ae. polynesiensis was apparently the major vector. it was relatively more abundant in more c ... | 1987 | 3328328 |
| natural infections of wuchereria bancrofti in aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis and aedes (finlaya) samoanus in samoa. | seven years after the 2nd mass treatment of the population with diethylcarbamazine, transmission of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti was studied in four villages in samoa during one year by means of biting catches of aedes polynesiensis and a. samoanus. 2 villages were coastal, one inland bush and the other an inland coconut plantation community. overall infection and infective rates from 6702 ae. polynesiensis were 0.84 and 0.27% respectively, and the infection rate from 2858 ae. samoanus, coll ... | 1987 | 3328327 |
| [a study of ivermectin in the treatment of lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica in french polynesia]. | forty carriers of 20 or more w. bancrofti var. pacifica per ml were blind administered ivermectin at 50, 100, 150 or 200 mcg/kg doses. the rate of successful treatment was 100% with the 4 dosages. the percentage cure rate and the decrease percentage in the microfilarial count were significantly higher in persons treated with 100, 150 and 200 mcg/kg than in persons treated with 50 mcg/kg. frequency and intensity of side-reactions were similar to those observed during treatment with dec; they were ... | 1989 | 2743520 |
| ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in french polynesia: efficacy in man, effect on transmission by vector aedes polynesiensis. | forty male polynesian w. bancrofti carriers with mf counts greater than or equal to 20/ml were treated with a single ivermectin 50, 100, 150 or 200 mcg/kg dose. following therapy, mf levels fell to less than 1% of pretreatment levels in the carriers treated with the 3 highest doses. after one month, negativation rate was 40% in patients treated with a 50 mcg/kg dose, significantly lower than in patients treated with higher doses. recurrence of microfilaremia was observed by 3 months, mf recurren ... | 1990 | 2255839 |
| effect of two successive annual treatments with single doses of ivermectin on microfilaraemia due to wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica. | between 1986 and 1988 a single-blind, dose-ranging study was carried out in french polynesia to determine the efficacy and tolerability of single 50, 100, 150 and 200 micrograms/kg doses of ivermectin in wuchereria bancrofti carriers. forty male microfilariae (mf) carriers between 18 and 50 years of age, in whom mf density was greater than or equal to 20 mf/ml, were treated twice at a one-year interval. twelve months after the second treatment, in carriers who were given a dose greater than or e ... | 1990 | 2096518 |
| a single diethylcarbamazine dose for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti carriers in french polynesia: efficacy and side effects. | in the fall of 1988, 14 tahitian wuchereria bancrofti carriers were treated by a single diethylcarbamazine (dec) 3 mg/kg dose. determination of blood microfilarial (mf) density was carried out on days 0, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 using the membrane filtration technique. clinical signs and side effects were noted during the 3 days following treatment. complete clearance of microfilaremia was observed in two carriers (negativation rate 14%). a decrease of mf density was noted in all of the 14 carriers ... | 1990 | 2075489 |
| the treatment of microfilaremia due to wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica: ivermectin versus diethylcarbamazine]. | in october 1989, a controlled, double-blind parallel group trial was implemented to compare both efficacy and tolerability of single doses of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (dec). fifty eight apparently healthy wuchereria bancrofti carriers were hospitalized and randomly allocated to treatment with ivermectin 100 mcg/kg, dec 3 or 6 mg/kg. six months later, half of those initially treated with ivermectin 100 mcg/kg and dec 3 mg/kg were given a second similar dose while the rest were given a pl ... | 1991 | 1958108 |
| elephantiasis in early polynesia. | | 1991 | 1680896 |
| compared efficacy of repeated annual and semi-annual doses of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for prevention of wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in french polynesia. final evaluation. | in october 1989, 58 apparently healthy polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers, in whom microfilarial (mf) density was greater than or equal to 100 mf/ml, were randomly allocated to treatment groups receiving single doses of either ivermectin at 100 mcg/kg or diethylcarbamazine (dec) at 3 and 6 mg/kg. six months later, half of the carriers initially treated with ivermectin 100 mcg/kg or dec 3 mg/kg were given a second similar dose while the rest were given a placebo. six months later again, all ... | 1992 | 1519031 |
| long-term efficacy of single-dose mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate against diurnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti: eight years' experience in samoa. | a single-dose of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec, 6 mg per kg body weight) was administered in three mass treatment campaigns to > 80% of the estimated total samoan population (160,000) in 1982, 1983, and 1986. the effect of the drug was evaluated before and after each campaign by conducting four blood surveys covering 9600 to 13,700 people from 26-34 villages on each occasion. the drug reduced the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae from 5.6% to 2.5% (a 55% reduction), while the tr ... | 1992 | 1486674 |
| a comparative study of detection methods for evaluation of microfilaremia in lymphatic filariasis control programmes. | the evaluation of microfilaremia (mf) was performed in 96% of the population aged 15 years or more in a village of moorea, one of the society islands in french polynesia. finger-prick and venous blood samples were collected simultaneously from 782 individuals in order to compare the results obtained by the standard blood film method and the membrane filtration technique. of the 782 blood-sampled inhabitants 69 (8.8%) were found mf positive. 39 (5%) were mf positive by both methods and 30 were mf ... | 1992 | 1470830 |
| wuchereria bancrofti infection in human and mosquito populations of a polynesian village ten years after interruption of mass chemoprophylaxis with diethylcarbamazine. | in 1991, a study on wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) and infection rates was carried out in the human and mosquito populations of a polynesian village where, 10 years before, the mf prevalence rate was 6.4% and twice-yearly mass treatment with 3 mg/kg of diethylcarbamazine (dec) was interrupted. venous blood samples were collected from 575 (97%) individuals aged 15 years or more, of whom 122 (21.4%) were mf positive. the mf carrier prevalence rate was 27.4% in males, significantly higher ... | 1992 | 1440820 |
| natural infections of dirofilaria immitis in aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis and aedes (finlaya) samoanus and their implication in human health in samoa. | dirofilaria immitis infections were observed in aedes polynesiensis and ae. samoanus in samoa, together with wuchereria bancrofti infections, in a study on sub-periodic bancroftian filariasis during 1978-1980. in the 4 indicator villages, the infection rate in ae. polynesiensis was 0.46% and the infective rate 0.09% (15,223 mosquitoes were dissected). the infection rate in ae. samoanus was 0.20% and the infective rate 0.08% (10,089 dissected). in 45 selected villages throughout the country, ae. ... | 1992 | 1440786 |
| some observations on filariasis in western samoa after mass administration of diethylcarbamazine. | an extremely efficient diethylcarbamazine administration campaign to eradicate wuchereria bancrofti has been carried out in western samoa. the use of the membrane-filtration technique has shown that a large number of people exhibit extremely low microfilarial densities, often with less than 10 in 1 ml of venous blood. it was found that one of these low level microfilaria carriers readily infected the local vector aedes polynesiensis and that development took place to the infective stage. it was ... | 1976 | 1265818 |
| control of the aedes vectors of the dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti: the french polynesian experience. | in most of the 130 islands of french polynesia, the stenotopic mosquitoes aedes aegypti (the main local vector for the viruses causing dengue) and aedes polynesiensis (the main local vector of wuchereria bancrofti) share many breeding sites in water containers such as discarded cans, coconut shells, buckets and water-storage pots and drums. in addition to selective application of insecticides, non-polluting methods of controlling these mosquitoes have been evaluated during the last decade in two ... | 2002 | 12625924 |
| the relative attractiveness of carbon dioxide and octenol in cdc- and evs-type light traps for sampling the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.), aedes polynesiensis marks, and culex quinquefasciatus say in moorea, french polynesia. | two dominant day-biting pests and vector species on the island of moorea in french polynesia are aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis marks, major vectors of dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti, respectively. their surveillance is hindered by a relative lack of attraction to light traps, necessitating the undesirable use of human bait collections with the inherent risks of pathogen transmission. the effectiveness of cdc- and evs-type light traps baited with olfa ... | 2004 | 15707289 |
| [eosinophilia and lymphatic filariasis in french polynesia]. | an important hypereosinophilia is usually regarded as an interesting argument of presumption in lymphatic filariasis. this present report concerns 278 polynesians people infected with wuchereria bancrofti pacifica. six kinds of patients were analysed: carriers of microfilarias, patients with elephantiasis, with lymphangitis attacks, new infections, carriers of microfilariasis recently treated with diethylcarbamazine and, at least, 100 fellows without filariasis. the results which were observed d ... | 1976 | 1037617 |
| [evolution of filarial hemagglutinating antibodies 1 year after a single dose of diethylcarbamazine]. | the authors compare the serological results obtained before and after a single dose with diethylcarbamazine (6 mg./kg.) in a homogeneous and strongly infected with wuchereria bancrofti var, pacifica population. they point out a statistically significant decrease of the hemagglutining antibody titres of filarian patients. | 1976 | 1037437 |
| aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis marks (diptera: culicidae) in moorea, french polynesia: a study of adult population structures and pathogen (wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis) infection rates to indicate regional and seasonal epidemiological risk for dengue and filariasis. | populations of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis (marks) on moorea island, french polynesia, the local vectors of dengue and filariasis, respectively, were sampled by landing/biting collection at nine localities on the east, north, and west coasts, during the late dry season, early and late wet season (september-may) 2003 and 2004, to investigate epidemiologically important features of the populations and compare them between regions and months. biting rates of both species tended to in ... | 2005 | 16465747 |
| a field trial of competitive displacement of aedes polynesiensis by aedes albopictus on a pacific atoll. | prior laboratory studies and field observations suggested that it might be possible to reduce the size of the population of, or eliminate, aedes polynesiensis by the introduction of aedes albopictus. the former mosquito is the principal vector of nonperiodic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti and the latter is a closely related species refractory to the development of human filariae. the practicability of such competitive displacement was studied by a field trial on a remote coral atoll w ... | 1976 | 1008133 |
| [trial of the combination of diethylcarbamazine (notezine)-levamisole (solaskil) in the control of filariasis by wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica in french polynesia]. | | 1979 | 400401 |
| assessing transmission of lymphatic filariasis using parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic tools after mass drug administration in american samoa. | assessing the interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission after annual mass drug administration (mda) requires a better understanding of how to interpret results obtained with the available diagnostic tools. we conducted parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic surveys in three villages in american samoa after sentinel site surveys suggested filarial antigen prevalence was < 1% after five annual mdas with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole. antigen and antifilarial antibody prevalence ran ... | 2009 | 19407122 |
| xenomonitoring of wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis infections in mosquitoes from american samoa: trapping considerations and a comparison of polymerase chain reaction assays with dissection. | entomologic monitoring of filarial infections, xenomonitoring, may have advantages in certain epidemiologic situations to assess the presence of infections in humans. hemalum staining and dissection and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were compared to determine the filarial infection status of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes in american samoa. the overall prevalences of wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis infections in ae. polynesiensis were, respectively, 0.16% and 1.06% by dissection and ... | 2009 | 19407123 |
| low-density microfilaraemia in subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in samoa. | among microfilaria (mf) carriers of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in samoa, the low-density level of microfilaraemia was defined as 1-20 mf/ml, and the occurrence of low-density carriers (90 in the present study) was analysed by age, sex, and village in relation to the microfilarial prevalence rate. the low-density carriers were more numerous among those under 20 years and over 60 years old than in other age groups. the ratio of low-density carriers to the total of mf-positive subjects in a ... | 1985 | 3914924 |
| the efficacy of annual single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate against diurnally subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in samoa. | treatment of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis, which is endemic in samoa, with diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec-c) in single doses of 4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg body weight was evaluated using the nuclepore filtration method (with 1 ml blood) and compared in terms of efficacy against the microfilariae (mf) and side-reactions produced. the 6 mg/kg single-dose treatment assessed at six months showed that the effect of dec-c to eliminate microfilariae was closely associated with the pre-treatme ... | 1985 | 3914925 |
| analysis of the wuchereria bancrofti population in the people of american samoa. | recent interest in mathematical descriptions of the epidemiology of helminth parasites has prompted several attempts to obtain quantitative estimates of reproduction and survival at all stages in their life-histories. the availability of microfilarial counts, repeated on many people over 4(1/2) years, suggested that these estimates could be made for wuchereria bancrofti. important values that were calculated are the duration of patency for single infections (2(1/2) years), the maximum density of ... | 1968 | 5302292 |
| familial predisposition to filarial infection--not linked to hla-a or-b locus specificities. | two hundred and twenty-five polynesians were selected from a larger study population for the evaluation of potential genetic influences on the susceptibility to bancroftian filariasis. analysis showed that there was significantly familial clustering of patients with filariasis and that this clustering was most compatible with genetic transmission of disease susceptibility. the data best fit a model in which the hypothetical gene for filariasis was recessive with a frequency of 0.82 +/- 0.15 in t ... | 1981 | 6171153 |
| comparison of methods for the detection of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in western samoa. | the 1 ml nuclepore filtration technique (np method), 60 c.mm finger-prick or venous blood smear method and the counting chamber method were compared for their effectiveness in detecting microfilariae. the loss of microfilariae by the np method was small enough to be disregarded. the 60 c.mm blood smear method was shown to be as efficient as the 60 c.mm np method, when using finger-prick blood. the finger-prick blood contained 32% more microfilariae than venous blood when compared by the 60 c.mm ... | 1984 | 6209805 |
| [filarial elephantiasis (wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica) and microfilaremia]. | | 1980 | 7008717 |
| [mass chemotherapy with spaced doses of diethylcarbamazine: effects in tahiti on microfilaraemia due to wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica]. | | 1980 | 7028300 |
| variation in the vector competence of aedes polynesiensis for wuchereria bancrofti. | the vector competences of 6 geographic strains of aedes polynesiensis for wuchereria bancrofti were studied using two types of experimental infections. experimental infection of laboratory-bred mosquitoes fed on the carriers' forearms with different levels of microfilaraemia showed that microfilariae (mf) uptake was directly proportional to the carrier's mf density and, as mf densities decreased, concentration capacity of ae. polynesiensis increased. it was also shown that infection has an impor ... | 1995 | 7609987 |
| wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in french polynesia: age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, circulating antigen, and specific igg and igg4 responses according to transmission level. | the age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, og4c3 antigenemia, anti-brugia malayi igg and igg4 were assessed in 3 villages of low, medium and high transmission level for wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. the prevalence rates for each of the 4 markers were clearly age dependent and their patterns strongly associated with the transmission level. the antigenemia prevalence rate was consistently higher than the microfilaremia prevalence rate, in all age groups. the prevalences of anti-b. malayi igg ... | 1995 | 7797377 |
| periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica filariasis in french polynesia. | in 1992, a study on microfilaremia periodicity was carried out on 12 wuchereria bancrofti carriers in the marquesas islands. blood samples were collected simultaneously every 4 hours during a 48 hour period by finger-prick and venipuncture for determination of microfilaremia by both blood film and membrane filtration technique methods, and for determination of antigenemia. the membrane filtration results showed no significant nycthemeral variations between the microfilaria densities at hours 16: ... | 1993 | 8367671 |
| microfilaria prevalence of diurnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti among people having a medical checkup in american samoa in the past 17 years. | the yearly change of microfilaria (mf) prevalence rates from 1974 to 1990 was studied in american samoa with people who had medical checkups. the mf rates were found to have been kept at a low level (0.8-2.6%) in the past 17 years. the continued low prevalence reduced clinical filariasis significantly in the past 8 years. the low level of endemicity, despite very close communication with neighbouring western samoa where filariasis is much more prevalent, could be explained by the urbanized livin ... | 1993 | 8459485 |
| single doses of ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg-1: the most effective dosage in bancroftian filariasis. | forty-three wuchereria bancrofti carriers were given four successive semi-annual single doses of ivermectin 100 micrograms.kg-1 (iver 100). the geometric mean microfilaremia (mf) recurrence percentage as compared to the pre-initial treatment mf level was 35%, 21%, 17% and 17% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. however, the recurrence of mf 6 months after the fourth treatment remained high in several individuals: 15 have been considered as 'bad responders' and 28 as 'good responders' indiv ... | 1995 | 8525398 |
| evidence for protective immunity to bancroftian filariasis in the cook islands. | to challenge the concept of protective immunity in lymphatic filariasis, 19 adult residents of a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic island who had been diagnosed 17 years earlier as putatively immune endemic normals (pi/en) were reexamined. even with continued exposure to infection, all 19 had maintained their apparent infection-free status. studies to define the mechanisms underlying this putative immunity revealed that cellular immune responses (including proliferation; generation of interleukin [il ... | 1996 | 8769619 |
| control of bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of polynesia by ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg. | community treatment with ivermectin was implemented in opoa, french polynesia from april 1991 to october 1993. all consenting inhabitants aged 3 years or more were treated with twice-yearly single doses of ivermectin, pregnant women excepted. a dosage of 100 microgram/kg was used for the 3 first treatments and then abandoned because it did not reduce the prevalence of microfilariae (mf) carriers. with a dosage of 400 micrograms/kg dosage, this prevalence decreased dramatically from 21% to 7%, an ... | 1996 | 9015520 |
| reduction of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm circulating antigen after annual treatments of diethylcarbamazine combined with ivermectin in french polynesia. | circulating filarial antigen (cfa), determined with og4c3 elisa, is a marker of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm infection. the reduction of cfa over 2 years was determined in 185 microfilaremic and 111 amicrofilaremic but cfa+ adults given an annual dose of either diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin or the two combined. reduction of cfa level was good with dec but weak with ivermectin and followed the same pattern in amicrofilaremic and microfilaremic groups. combinations and dec alone had a ... | 1997 | 9203681 |
| detection of loa loa-specific dna in blood from occult-infected individuals. | accurate and specific diagnosis of human loiasis is of crucial importance in an endemic area where two-thirds of infected individuals are without circulating microfilariae (occult loiasis). by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and specific primers to the repeat 3 region (15r3) of the gene coding for loa loa 15-kda polyprotein antigen, dna was amplified from total blood lysate of occult-infected subjects. a 396-bp dna fragment was specifically detected. we tested the specificity of this m ... | 1997 | 9225766 |
| the immunodominant brugia malayi paramyosin as a marker of current infection with wuchereria bancrofti adult worms. | the full-length cdna sequence encoding brugia malayi l3 paramyosin has been isolated by immunoscreening a cdna library with a mouse antiserum raised against wuchereria bancrofti l3 infective larvae. a recombinant truncated form of paramyosin was expressed as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein and used to evaluate humoral responses of adults from a w. bancrofti-endemic area in french polynesia according to their parasitological status. immunoglobulin g4 (igg4) preferentially bound to para ... | 1998 | 9596759 |
| ambient temperature effects on the extrinsic incubation period of wuchereria bancrofti in aedes polynesiensis: implications for filariasis transmission dynamics and distribution in french polynesia. | temperature effects on development of the human filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (filaridea: onchocercidae) in the main pacific vector aedes polynesiensis marks (diptera: culicidae) are analysed in relation to ambient climatic conditions. a statistical model of the extrinsic cycle duration as a function of temperature is described and used to distinguish three patterns of w. bancrofti transmission dynamics: continuous, fluctuating and discontinuous, occurring from north to south ... | 2001 | 11434550 |
| age-grading and growth of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) larvae by growth measurements and its use for estimating blood-meal intervals of its polynesian vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae). | growth in length and width of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) larvae developing in its polynesian vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae) was analysed using a mathematical approach to objectively extract patterns. l1 had a u-shaped growth in length, while widths followed an s-shaped function. l2 had an s-shaped growth in length and width. growth in length of l3 was also s-shaped, while widths had an asymptotic size following a period of rapid shrinkage. the greatest diff ... | 2002 | 12062489 |
| soluble cellular adhesion molecules, selectins, vegf and endothelin-1 in patients with wuchereria bancrofti infection and association with clinical status. | lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-transmitted disease commonly known as bancroftian filariasis, is characterized by debilitating pathology linked to the progression of lymphoedema to a chronic state of elephantiasis. we performed longitudinal measurements of endothelial adhesion and angiogenic molecules in 63 polynesian patients living in an hyperendemic focus of wuchereria bancrofti. decreased serum concentrations of soluble (s-) l selectin (cd62l) were noticed in sera of of patients with chroni ... | 2005 | 15813718 |
| [the history of lymphatic filarlasis control programme in french polynesia: lessons from a 50 years effort]. | with a mean prevalence of microfilariaemia superior to 15% in the four archipelagos of the territory french polynesia was confronted with a huge public health problem of wuchereria bancrofti - associated filarias during the 50s. supported by a strong us sponsoring, a large scale control campaign based on diethylcarbamazine (dec) distribution was launched and led to the method of spaced doses (the most useful protocol being one annual dec dose). progressively applied to the whole polynesian popul ... | 2005 | 15915973 |
| circulating fibrosis markers, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein x in patients with wuchereria bancrofti infection: association with clinical status. | we measured the concentrations of several circulating fibrosis markers (type i collagen i, type iii procollagen, hyaluronan) and eosinophil granule proteins (ecp and epx) in lymphatic filariosis patients to investigate their relationship with clinical, parasitological and immunological data. this study was conducted in polynesian patients with various stages of the disease (acute lymphangitis, chyluria, hydrocoele, elephantiasis), a closely related microbial lymphangitis and endemic controls. we ... | 2006 | 16800126 |
| impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole on wuchereria bancrofti infection in american samoa. | american samoa began a territory-wide mass drug administration (mda) program with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in 2000 after baseline surveys indicated that 16.5% of 2,989 residents were infected with wuchereria bancrofti based on tests for circulating filarial antigen. follow-up surveys were conducted in 2001, 2003, and 2006, using convenience samples of residents of sentinel villages. antigenemia prevalence in 2001 (11.5%) and 2003 (13.5%) showed no change. after the 2003 sentinel assess ... | 2008 | 18541771 |
| heritable factors play a major role in determining host responses to wuchereria bancrofti infection in an isolated south pacific island population. | it is increasingly recognized that host genetic factors may play an important role in determining the outcome of filarial infections. to test this hypothesis in bancroftian lymphatic filariasis, pedigree data were collected twice during an 18-year period from an isolated polynesian population living on a pacific island where lymphatic filariasis is endemic. | 2009 | 19754310 |
| hyperendemic bancroftian filariasis in the kingdom of tonga: the application of the membrane filter concentration technique to an age-stratified blood survey. | a survey carried out in tonga, an area of hyperendemic subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, compared the diagnostic efficiency of the membrane-filtration and stained blood film techniques. membrane filter concentration of 1 ml blood revealed a microfilaria rate that was approximately the same for all age groups, from 5 to 9 years old to greater than 50 years old, about 70%. the microfilaria rate by examination of stained 60 mm-3 thick blood films was lower for all age groups. membrane ... | 1974 | 4615596 |
| improving community participation to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in american samoa. | in 2000, the american samoa department of health initiated a campaign of annual mass drug administration (mda) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine (dec) to eliminate transmission of filariasis. drug coverage was well below prescribed targets in the first three campaigns, ranging from 24 to 52% of the total population. evaluation findings from a variety of formative research methods identified opportunities to improve mda coverage and ensuing program modifications resulted in increased drug c ... | 2010 | 20932818 |
| first evidence of spatial clustering of lymphatic filariasis in an aedes polynesiensis endemic area. | successful elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) requires accurate identification of residual foci of transmission and stringent surveillance strategies to combat potential resurgence. this is challenging in areas where the day-biting aedes polynesiensis is endemic, such as samoa, since in previous studies no geographical clustering of infection has been demonstrated. another challenge for this low prevalence phase is the choice of diagnostic assay as testing for circulating filarial antigen ... | 2010 | 21172296 |