| a modified statistical method for analysis of periodicity of microfilaria. | | 1977 | 324907 |
| microfilarial granuloma of the breast in a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. | microfilariae found in a breast nodule of a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia were identified as wuchereria bancrofti, confirming that the tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome may be associated with infections caused by this species of filarial worm. | 1977 | 869111 |
| filariasis in ceylon then (1961) and in sri lanka now (1990-30 years on). | the changes in the prevalence and distribution of bancroftian filariasis in ceylon/sri lanka since professor kershaw's visit in 1961 show that the infection has spread over a wider area, although the microfilaria rates have decreased. new information is available on the vector, culex quinquefasciatus, and more details are available on the animal filariae and their vectors. dirofilaria repens infection of dogs is now a proven zoonosis in the country. | 1991 | 1888209 |
| a sri lankan man with eosinophilia, wheezing, and cough. | | 1991 | 2041965 |
| diethylcarbamazine provocation of the microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | | 1974 | 4420924 |
| a note on the susceptibility of the tropical bed bug cimex hemipterus to wuchereria bancrofti in ceylon. | | 1972 | 5054494 |
| [new data on the vectors of wuchereria bancrofti in madagascar: the influence of temperature on the rate of development of the parasite and on the vectorial infection rate]. | | 1969 | 5307236 |
| [experimental cycle of wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens ssp fatigans wiedmann in majunga]. | | 1965 | 5840831 |
| age, sex, and house distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia in ceylon. | | 1966 | 5941175 |
| filarial diseases in ceylon: a geographic and historical analysis. | medical records concerning filarial diseases in ceylon date from the account of davy[1], though there are hints as to the more obvious manifestations in the old chronicles of the country, too. a first survey was conducted in 1912/1913 concentrating on urban areas, followed by a second survey in the 1930s with emphasis on the rural parts. the results displayed a remarkable distribution pattern: wuchereria bancrofti, the so-called "urban type", concentrated in galle and matara towns, whereas brugi ... | 1983 | 6152421 |
| sanitary facilities as sources of filariasis vectors in south-western sri lanka. | | 1984 | 6378112 |
| [successes and problems in controlling filariasis of the lymphatic system in sri lanka]. | | 1984 | 6384758 |
| detection of circulating antigen in bancroftian filariasis by using a monoclonal antibody. | a monoclonal antibody designated gib 13-5-2 (gib 13) and directed against the cattle parasite onchocerca gibsoni was used in a two-site immunoradiometric assay (irma) for detection of circulating antigen in the sera of wuchereria bancrofti-infected individuals from sri lanka and papua new guinea. the microfilaremic patients were, in general, serum antigen positive by the gib 13 irma. among the amicrofilaremic patients, 47% of those with lymphedema, lymphangitis, hydrocele, etc., and 25% of those ... | 1984 | 6391224 |
| [data on lymphatic filariasis caused by w. bancrofti in madagascar]. | | 1982 | 6764609 |
| seroepidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in the seychelles islands. | wuchereria bancrofti is the only human filarioid present in the seychelles archipelago. the last parasitological survey carried out in mahé revealed a microfilaraemia rate of 3.6%. serum samples from 417 native individuals living in mahé were tested for the presence of filarial antibodies by elisa method, using crude soluble extract of brugia pahangi adult worm as antigen. the results seem to show a proportion of the population (17%) has been exposed to w. bancrofti (with od values greater than ... | 1982 | 7048670 |
| cloning and characterization of a repetitive dna sequence specific for wuchereria bancrofti. | a genomic library constructed in a bacteriophage lambda replacement vector (embl3) with wuchereria bancrofti dna partially digested with sau 3a i was screened with 32p-labeled w. bancrofti total dna, and a strongly reactive recombinant, embl3wb34, was isolated. this clone contained an approximately 16-kb insert that showed some cross-hybridization with brugia malayi and b. pahangi dna. however, a 969-bp subclone from embl3wb34, designated pwb12, hybridized only with w. bancrofti dna and was able ... | 1994 | 7943578 |
| "primary" pulmonary hypertension, eosinophilia, and filariasis in ceylon. | ;primary' pulmonary hypertension, which is rare in western countries, was found to be relatively common in ceylon. the clinical and haemodynamic features were studied. there were two distinct types of the disease, malignant and benign. patients with the malignant form of the disease had a rapidly progressive illness of short duration and an invariably fatal outcome. those with the benign form gave a long history and, in spite of severe pulmonary hypertension, were only slightly disabled. they se ... | 1970 | 5433314 |
| a study of the age-composition of natural populations of culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann in relation to the transmission of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) in ceylon. | filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti is becoming an increasingly important problem in many countries of southern and south-eastern asia. from 1962 to 1964, a study was made of the vector of this disease, culex pipiens fatigans, in two districts of colombo, ceylon, one with vector control by larviciding and one without. catches were made of the house-resting, biting and ovipositing populations, and the stages of ovarian development, parity and infection were determined by examination of the ext ... | 1967 | 5300045 |
| entomological aspects of filariasis control in sri lanka. | historical events and suitable environmental conditions in the southwestern coastal areas of sri lanka have led to the establishment of a zone of endemic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by culex pipiens fatigans. the previous brugia malayi foci, scattered over widely dispersed areas of the island, were apparently completely eliminated as a result of control of the mansonia vectors by the destruction of the larval host plants in their swamp habitats. control measures by ... | 1974 | 4619057 |
| [bancroft's filariasis in anjouan (comoro islands)]. | a parasitological survey on bancroftian filariasis has been carried out in anjouan (comoro islands) in 1982. a fall in the microfilaria rate (17.66%) is noticeable comparatively to prod'hon investigations in 1969 (41.25%). prevalence is reduced in the main localities but is still high in remote villages, specially in the inner district of the island. | 1986 | 3524880 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: detection of microfilariae in asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals with setaria digitata antigens. | a dot-elisa for detection of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area was developed. this test can differentiate the endemic normals from the microfilaraemic asymptomatic individuals. antigens of molecular weight 130 and 52 kda of the cattle filaria worm setaria digitata were used for this test. it was observed that these two antigens were also present in the serum of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals. | 2001 | 11556568 |
| lymphatic filariasis: some recent trends and advances. | | 1988 | 3073871 |
| evaluation of the ict whole-blood antigen card test to detect infection due to wuchereria bancrofti in sri lanka. | the sensitivity, specificity and cost effectiveness of an immunochromatographic card test (ict, amrad) for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis were estimated against 2 standard parasitological techniques: thick blood film (tbf) and nuclepore membrane filtration (nmf). individuals were selected from endemic localities in the western province (n = 213) and from the non-endemic central province (n = 29) of sri lanka. blood was collected between 21:00 and midnight. sixty microlitre of non-hepari ... | 2002 | 11925995 |
| can insecticide resistance status affect parasite transmission in mosquitoes? | | 2002 | 12225925 |
| microfilaraemia, serum antibody and development of clinical disease in microfilaraemic subjects infected with wuchereria bancrofti and treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate. | a seroepidemiological survey of bancroftian filariasis was carried out in 2 townships in sri lanka with the objectives of determining the microfilaraemia rates, dependence on age and sex, susceptibility to re-infection, effect of diethylcarbamazine therapy on serum antibodies to microfilarial surface antigens, and the predictive value of the indirect fluorescent antibody test. the mean microfilaraemia rate was 5.4%. microfilaraemia was not sex-dependent but a marginally elevated incidence was se ... | 1989 | 2694470 |
| [a survey of filariasis in the comoro islands, in great comoro and mohéli]. | the filariasis of w. bancrofti with nocturnal periodicity is, together with malaria, the principal endemic disease in the comoros islands. well studied on mayotte island, which remained a french territorial collectivity, its prevalence and distribution are less known in the grand comoros, anjouan and moheli islands which form the federal islamic republic of the comoros. the study of the nocturnal microfilariae in the grand comoros and moheli in 1987 is the opportunity to assess the situation of ... | 1989 | 2663209 |
| the significance of low density microfilaraemia in the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by culex (culex) quinquefasciatus say in sri lanka. | laboratory-bred culex quinquefasciatus were fed on carriers with low and moderate densities of microfilariae (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti. in the first series of experiments, mosquitoes were dissected 12 d after feeding. the percentage of infected mosquitoes and the numbers of larvae per infected mosquito were directly proportional to the mf density at the time of feeding. there was an overall high infection rate and a wide distribution of larvae per individual mosquito at all levels, except for ... | 1991 | 1887486 |
| anopheles (cellia) jamesii: a potential natural vector of bancroftian filariasis in sri lanka. | | 1991 | 1780997 |
| a cloned antigen for serological diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia with daytime blood samples. | by differentially screening an adult brugia malayi cdna library with sera from microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic donors infected with wuchereria bancrofti, we have identified a novel parasite antigen denoted sxp-1. recombinant sxp-1 filarial antigen is preferentially recognized by sera from microfilaremic persons with bancroftian filariasis and from skin snip-positive patients with onchocerciasis. antibodies to sxp-1 are restricted to the igg4 subclass and gradually decline after treatment with ... | 1992 | 1484551 |
| [ecology of culex pipiens fatigans larvae in an area of high endemicity of bancroftian filariasis (author's transl)]. | culex pipiens fatigans in the main vector of bancroftian filariasis in the mayotte island (comores) where it imposes an important health problem. the breeding-sites of c. p. fatigans are either man-made (latrines, cesspools, various containers), or natural (polluted water of estuaries of some rivers). the man-made breeding-sites are not similarly distributed in the different localities of the island. their distribution varies according to the customs of the inhabitants, size and site of the comm ... | 1975 | 1096384 |
| [parasitologic and serologic testing for bancroft's filariasis on the south-east coast of madagascar]. | | 1975 | 779994 |
| loss of filarial larvae in a natural mosquito population. | analysis of log normal parasite densities of wuchereria bancrofti in the mosquito culex pipiens fatigans collected in the suburbs of colombo, sri lanka, has shown a decreasing parasite load with age of infection. the median density of microfilarial intake in the natural population was 10.3, but this had decreased to 2.6 by the infective stage. of the total microfilariae ingested, 51.9% were found in the thorax 12--17 hours after infection of the mosquitoes in the laboratory. further decrease in ... | 1978 | 367299 |
| filarial infection of the breast. | the breast is a common site of filarial infection in females in sri lanka. we report our experience with 13 cases of filarial breast nodules, 12 containing adult worms and the other only microfilariae. in five of these cases the species was identified as wuchereria bancrofti. | 1978 | 356636 |
| a simple and rapid non-radioactive oligonucleotide based hybridization assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti. | five biotin labeled oligonucleotides was designed based on a previously cloned and characterized repetitive dna sequence specific for wuchereria bancrofti. the oligonucleotide mix (containing five probes) when used in a hybridization assay, detected as little as 100 pg of purified w. bancrofti, microfilarial dna, a single infective stage larva and a single microfilaria in 50 microl blood sample. a simple protocol was followed for the hybridization assay. blood samples lysed with sterile distille ... | 1999 | 10774708 |
| recovery of a species of brugia, probably b. ceylonensis, from the conjunctiva of a patient in sri lanka. | a species of brugia, probably b. ceylonensis, was recovered from the conjunctiva of a patient in sri lanka for the first time. this infection represents only the second record of brugia in the human conjunctiva, and is clearly zoonotic, acquired from a dog. brugia ceylonensis has a distinct head bulb like that of wuchereria bancrofti and b. malayi. however, the parasite recovered was not w. bancrofti, as specific ifat and dna probes gave negative results, and b. malayi is believed to have been e ... | 2000 | 10723527 |
| wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in sri lanka. | the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia determined in 353 subjects in matara, sri lanka by og4c3 elisa was 20.7%. positive rates obtained with the same subjects by 1 ml nuclepore filtration and 60 microl thick blood smear were 11.3% and 7.9%, respectively. antigen levels were positively associated with microfilaria counts. two-thirds of antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative (ag+/mf-) individuals were > 25-year-old, but younger age groups (< or = 25-year-old) tended to have propo ... | 1999 | 10223216 |
| the use of whole blood absorbed on filter paper to detect wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigen. | the og4c3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect circulating wuchereria bancrofti antigen uses 50 microl of serum. in this study, a whole blood sample absorbed on filter paper was tested as a substitute for serum. serum samples were obtained from 60 sri lankan subjects by venepuncture and finger-prick blood samples from the same individuals were directly absorbed on filter paper. og4c3 elisas using serum and filter paper blood were compared. despite the fact that the estimated amoun ... | 1998 | 9861365 |
| microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti and man landing periodicity of the vector culex quinquefasciatus say in matara, sri lanka. | to compare the microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti, with the man landing periodicity of the vector culex quinquefasciatus in matara, sri lanka. | 1998 | 9704546 |
| [role of culex quinquefasciatus in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis in the federal islamic republic of comoros (indian ocean)]. | in october 1988-january 1989, as a part of a malaria and filariasis control programme in federal islamic republic of comoros an entomological survey was carried out in 19 rural and urban localities of grande comore. anjouan and moheli islands. the potential breeding places were examined and pyrethrum spray catches were made to evaluate the indoor resting densities of mosquitos. a total of 14.578 adult mosquitos potential vectors of filariasis was collected: 94.5% culex quinquefasciatus, 3.5% ano ... | 1994 | 9235195 |
| comparative efficacy of house curtains impregnated with permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin or bendiocarb against the vector of bancroftian filariasis, culex quinquefasciatus, in matara, sri lanka. | | 1996 | 8761561 |
| [historical epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in southwest islands of the indian ocean]. | bancroftian filariasis arose in the south-west indian ocean islands with human settlements. during the xixe century, most of the islands were infected but the prevalence and clinical features of the disease were different from an island to an other. the vectors are cx. quinquefasciatus, an. gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. funestus. even if culex are proven vectors most of the transmission is due to anophelines. the introduction of the parasite was followed by an explosion of the diseases with drama ... | 1994 | 7827525 |
| [former observations of urinary bilharziasis and wuchereriosis]. | on the occasion of a book near completion on the great clinician pierre rayer (1793-1867), a pioneer of infectious pathology, are presented here two of his works concerning parasitic tropical pathology. the first (1838) signed by rayer alone deals with an hematuria observed in patients from mauritius. he distinguished several forms of the disease and described 15 observations which he compared to egyptian hematuria of which the parasitic agent (bilharzia (= schistosoma) haematobium) will not be ... | 1994 | 7827524 |
| [study of malaria vectors in the south-west of madagascar]. | the authors describe the results of an entomological study run in december 1994 in the little town of bezaha (south-western madagascar). the observed entomological indexes are those of an intensive malaria transmission area. the authors suggest to organize a longitudinal entomological survey along with a clinical and parasitological study. they also point out the fact that they found two microfilariae wuchereria bancrofti in an anopheles funestus female. | 1994 | 7575037 |
| the susceptibility of liberian culex quinquefasciatus to wuchereria bancrofti in sri lanka. | strains of culex quinquefasciatus collected in liberia showed low susceptibility to wuchereria bancrofti from liberian donors. however, when the same mosquito strains were fed on w. bancrofti donors from sri lanka they showed equally high susceptibility as sri lankan c. quinquefasciatus simultaneously fed on the same donors. a liberian strain did not respond to selection for refractoriness. thus the strains of w. bancrofti from liberia and sri lanka differ in their ability to infect specific mos ... | 1980 | 7015636 |
| [bancroftian filariasis in madagascar: persistent endemicity]. | a major study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in 9 health districts located mainly on the east and north coast of madagascar between 1995 and 1997. the study population included 2524 people 10 years or older. on the east and north coast, the incidence of microfilarial carriers varied depending on location from 7 p. 100 to 47 p. 100 in men and 3 p. 100 to 33 p. 100 in women. the highest incidences, i.e., around 33 p. 100 in both sexes, were observed in the sout ... | 2000 | 11100439 |
| epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in three suburban areas of matara, sri lanka. | the epidemiological parameters of bancroftian filariasis were investigated in three suburbs of matara, within the south-western coastal belt of sri lanka where the disease is endemic. the overall prevalence of microfilaraemia and the geometric mean density of the microfilaraemias observed were 4.4% and 20.6 microfilariae/60 microl fingerprick blood, respectively. prevalence was significantly lower in the female subjects than in the male, and in males aged < 20 years than in older males. overall, ... | 2001 | 11339886 |
| in wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, asymptomatic microfilaraemia does not progress to amicrofilaraemic lymphatic disease. | in lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti infections, the relationship between the natural course of infection and development of clinical disease remains controversial. the two hypotheses that are widely considered are (1) microfilaraemia represents an early stage of infection which progresses to amicrofilaraemic clinical disease and (2) microfilaraemia and clinical disease are two sequentially unrelated independent entities of the filarial infection and disease. aim to determine whet ... | 2001 | 11369749 |
| prevalence and intensity of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in sri lanka by og4c3 elisa using filter paper-absorbed whole blood. | in sri lanka 2741 people from matara, an endemic area for wuchereria bancrofti, were examined in 1996/97 for microfilariae by 60-microl blood smear and for circulating filarial antigens by og4c3 elisa using filter paper-absorbed whole blood. the overall prevalence of microfilaraemia was 3.4%, and that of antigenaemia 14.4%. the prevalence of antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative people was 11.3%. analysed by age-group, antigenaemia prevalence was similar in all groups, and the average numbe ... | 2002 | 11925989 |
| [preliminary results in the clinical, epidemiological and parasitological study of bancrofti filariasis in madagascar]. | in 1958, a large study on the distribution of bancroft filariasis was set up in madagascar. in order to update these data, the authors have studied in the same areas the parasitological and clinical prevalence of bancroft filariasis. here are the preliminary results of this study, concerning 1862 people, aged 10 years and more. the mean prevalence rate of microfilaria-carriers was of 22.9%, and the average parasitic density was of 3.6 parasits/20 microliters of blood. the prevalence rate of chro ... | 1996 | 12463009 |
| red blood cell antioxidant levels in wuchereria bancrofti infection. | the elimination of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti is probably mediated by free radicals. red cell catalase (c), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and superoxide dismutase (sod) activity levels were measured as an indirect method of assessing blood oxidant status in 29 asymptomatic microfilaraemics, 29 "endemic normals", and 29 controls living in a non-endemic area. changes in the activity of these enzymes were also compared over a one month period in 22 asymptomatic microfilaraemics randomise ... | 2002 | 12706743 |
| human infection with wuchereria bancrofti in matara, sri lanka: the use, in parallel, of an elisa to detect filaria-specific igg4 in urine and of ict card tests to detect filarial antigen in whole blood. | the ict card test to detect circulating filarial antigen and an elisa that detects filaria-specific urinary igg(4) were each used to screen 473 subjects from a community in sri lanka where wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. when the ict test was used as the gold standard, the elisa was found to have a sensitivity of 91.2%. however, far more of the subjects were found elisa-positive than ict-positive (76.5% v. 31.1%). the youngest children studied (aged 1-10 years) were similar to the adult subject ... | 2003 | 12803873 |
| prevalence and levels of filaria-specific urinary igg4 among children less than five years of age and the association of antibody positivity between children and their mothers. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect filaria-specific urinary igg4 was tested in samples from 203 children less than five years old and their parents (165 mothers and 127 fathers) in sri lanka. there were four igg4-positive children within 58 days after birth, suggesting the transfer of the antibody from mothers. no positive children were found between days 65 and 417. after day 1,000, the number of the positive individuals and the level of igg4 increased quickly. the children ... | 2003 | 12875298 |
| a juvenile filarial worm, wuchereria bancrofti, extracted from the vitreous of the eye: the first report in the world literature. | a live worm was extracted from the vitreous of the eye of a patient in sri lanka. based on the details of its length, width, oesophagus and vulva it was identified as ajuvenile female wuchereria bancrofti. | 2005 | 16538913 |
| efficacy of a limb-care regime in preventing acute adenolymphangitis in patients with lymphoedema caused by bancroftian filariasis, in colombo, sri lanka. | the efficacy of a programme of community home-based care (chbc) for lymphoedematous limbs was evaluated among 163 lymphoedema patients attending two filariasis clinics in colombo. each patient was interviewed and examined and his or her lymphoedema was graded during a baseline assessment, before the chbc programme, and again, during a post-intervention assessment, after the patient had been in the programme for 1 year. the number of patients having entry lesions was 24% lower at the post-interve ... | 2007 | 17716431 |
| distribution of filarial elephantiasis and hydrocele in matara district, sri lanka, as reported by local leaders, and an immunological survey in areas with relatively high clinical rates. | to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by means of mass drug administration, it is essential to have reliable data on the disease distribution and prevalence in targeted areas. in matara district, sri lanka, self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 2105 local leaders questioning the presence and the numbers of elephantiasis and hydrocele cases. the information provided by them revealed that elephantiasis was clearly aggregated in the southern part of the district along the coast, while hydroce ... | 2008 | 18508407 |