| effectiveness of an aerial application of carbaryl in controlling ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) adults in a high-use recreational area in new jersey. | lyme disease risk reduction through the control of the principal tick vector, ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin, has become a major issue facing public health agencies in many endemic states. where large tracts of land are involved, established methods of i. dammini control are impractical. an aerial application of carbaryl directed against fall populations of i. dammini adults resulted in 93.8% control after 96 h. control persisted through the following spring. the usefulness ... | 1992 | 1625304 |
| anti-tick antibodies: an epidemiologic tool in lyme disease research. | in 1988, antibodies to arthropod (ixodes dammini, dermacentor variabilis, and aedes aegypti) salivary gland proteins and to borrelia burgdorferi were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 53 high-risk outdoor workers from the new jersey department of environmental protection. lyme disease seropositives had significantly higher anti-i. dammini antibody levels than seronegative controls (p = 0.006). anti-b. burgdorferi antibody (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and anti-i. dammini ant ... | 1990 | 2356814 |
| a hybrid swarm of ixodes dammini and ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | | 1989 | 2767558 |
| the geographic distribution of lyme disease in the united states. | in 1982, national surveillance for lyme disease was established by the centers for disease control to monitor trends and determine endemic geographic areas. initially, the endemic areas corresponded to the known distribution of ixodes dammini, a five-state area of the northeastern seaboard (new york, new jersey, connecticut, rhode island, and massachusetts) and wisconsin and minnesota. increasing numbers of cases have been reported outside these areas, however, 86% of the provisional 5731 cases ... | 1988 | 3190099 |
| evolution of a focus of lyme disease. | epidemiological investigations were initiated in 1984 when significant lyme disease activity was observed within a 5-km radius of an area previously used as a non-endemic control site for lyme disease research in new jersey. through 1983, collections of ixodes dammini from vegetation and feral rodents were infrequent and no human cases were identified within a 16-km radius of the control site. in 1984, 4 human cases and 3 serologically reactive canines (greater than or equal to 1:512) were recog ... | 1986 | 3577493 |
| comparison of rates of infection by the lyme disease spirochete in selected populations of ixodes dammini and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | at a major endemic focus in new jersey, 50% of 290 adult ixodes dammini collected in the fall of 1984 were infected with the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi), which was statistically higher than the rate found in the 202 adult ticks (39.6%) examined during the spring. neither sex nor site of collection within the focus significantly affected the infection rate. the observed infection rates were similar to those reported in endemic areas of new york and connecticut. borrelia burgdor ... | 1986 | 3577494 |
| seasonal abundance and hosts of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and other ixodid ticks from an endemic lyme disease focus in new jersey, usa. | | 1986 | 3950921 |
| the role of adult ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in the transmission of lyme disease in new jersey, usa. | | 1985 | 3981553 |
| geographical distribution and density of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and relationship to lyme disease transmission in new jersey. | as part of continuing studies of lyme disease, deer were surveyed during three hunting seasons in 1981 to obtain information on geographic distribution and density of i. dammini in new jersey. i. dammini occurred throughout central and southern new jersey. four deer management zones (dmzs) were shown to have high tick densities. geographical distribution and density data were independently regressed against 25 environmental and physical factors. elevation was shown to be the most important facto ... | 1984 | 6334941 |
| amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of lyme disease in new jersey. | amblyomma americanum is a likely secondary vector of lyme disease in new jersey. ticks of this species were removed from the site of the characteristic skin lesion known as erythema chronicum migrans on two patients with the disease, and the lyme disease spirochete was isolated from nymphs and adults of this species. that a. americanum is a potential vector is supported by its similarities to ixodes dammini, the known tick vector, in seasonal distribution and host utilization. the extensive rang ... | 1984 | 6710158 |
| variation in ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers 1 among eastern populations of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | the base sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its 1) of ribosomal dna of the tick ixodes scapularis say (= i. dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) was determined to assess genetic divergence between populations along the eastern (atlantic) seaboard of the united states. twenty sequences were obtained from localities down the eastern margin of the species's range: 10 from the southeast (georgia and florida), seven from the middle east (north carolina, maryland), and three from ... | 1995 | 7616527 |
| seasonal activity of nymphal ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in different habitats in new jersey. | activity patterns of nymphal ixodes scapularis say were compared between habitat types (dominant tree types: mixed deciduous, oak, white pine, red cedar, sassafras, and spicebush). both the time of peak abundance and the relative abundance of questing nymphs at the peak were compared. several smoothing algorithms were tested with the data to determine if they could be used to estimate the time of peak abundance more accurately. determination of the time of peak abundance using the raw data or si ... | 1995 | 7869344 |
| suppression of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in a large residential community. | to determine the feasibility of suppressing ixodes scapularis say populations in a large, hyperendemic residential community, several rates of granular carbaryl were applied by ground and air to the shrub layer and wooded buffers of a forested residential community during the peak activity period of nymphs. granular carbaryl significantly reduced the abundance of i. scapularis nymphs on peromyscus leucopus raphinesque. control nymphal ticks ranged between 70.0 and 90.3%. the use of properly time ... | 1994 | 8189411 |
| serological responses in lyme disease: the influence of sex, age, and environment. | in the laboratory, the serodiagnosis of lyme disease is a difficult decision, especially in early disease. the variability in the immune response to the borrelia burgdorferi spirochete and the lack of specificity and sensitivity of commercial assays for the detection of antibodies in early disease have contributed to the difficulty of serodiagnosis. this study examines the serological data of over 20,000 serum specimens submitted for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and/or western blot ... | 1993 | 8323257 |
| seasonal and long-term variations in abundance of adult ixodes scapularis (acari:ixodidae) in different coastal plain habitats of new jersey. | fifteen sites in 4 different vegetation types in a lyme disease endemic area were surveyed during times of peak tick activity in fall of 1982, 1984, and 1992, and subsequent spring activity periods to determine seasonal and year-to-year differences in habitat use by the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say. populations of i. scapularis adults varied significantly among the 3 yr surveyed, although this variability tended to be more pronounced in fall. i. scapularis adults were consistently mor ... | 1996 | 8961647 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ixodes scapularis in a rural new jersey county. | to assess the potential risk for other tick-borne diseases, we collected 100 adult ixodes scapularis in hunterdon county, a rapidly developing rural county in lyme disease endemic western new jersey. we tested the ticks by polymerase chain reaction for borrelia burgdorferi, babesia microti, and the rickettsial agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). fifty-five ticks were infected with at least one of the three pathogens: 43 with b. burgdorferi, five with b. microti, and 17 with the hge a ... | 1998 | 9452402 |
| comparison of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) populations and their habitats in established and emerging lyme disease areas in new jersey. | hunterdon country, new jersey, experienced a significant increase in the number of lyme disease cases during 1990-1995, accounting for 21.2% of all new jersey cases. this study compares the relative abundance of ixodes scapularis say in similar habitats in hunterdon county, an emerging lyme disease area, and monmouth county, where lyme disease has been established for well over a decade. the extent to which differences in habitat physiognomy could explain differences in tick populations, and con ... | 1998 | 9542347 |
| air temperature and relative humidity effects on behavioral activity of blacklegged tick (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in new jersey. | air-temperature and relative humidity data were used to explain variation in behavioral activity of ixodes scapularis say nymphs. we estimated behavioral activity as the residual variation in drag-sample data after seasonal changes in population density were removed by regression. the seasonal decline in drag samples between june and august 1995 on field plots at morristown national historical park, nj, can be described by a simple negative exponential function. residuals around a fitted exponen ... | 1998 | 9835697 |
| meteorologically mediated diurnal questing of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) nymphs. | questing ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) nymphs were collected in the field by drag sampling to determine whether ticks would be collected in greater numbers during certain times of the day and under certain ambient meteorological conditions. ticks were collected hourly for 16 h on 4 d and counts were contrasted with simultaneous measurements of ambient temperature and relative humidity, and with similar measurements made within the leaf litter. peak numbers of questing i. sc ... | 2003 | 14680102 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) adults in new jersey, 2000-2001. | using polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed 529 ixodes scapularis say adults collected from 16 of new jersey's 21 counties for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease. overall, 261 (49.3%) were positive. b. burgdorferi was detected in ticks obtained from each county and from 53 of the 58 (93.1%) municipalities surveyed. the observed statewide prevalence in new jersey is similar to those reported from other northeastern and mid-atlantic states. | 2003 | 14680126 |
| effects of granular carbaryl application on sympatric populations of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) nymphs. | a single application of granular carbaryl approaching the lowest recommended rate to the shrub layer of a forested area in late spring significantly reduced the abundance of ixodes scapularis say nymphs throughout their peak activity period, but had little effect on amblyomma americanum l. nymphs. factors influencing the efficacy of the application are discussed. the possible explanations for the lack of efficacy of granular carbaryl against a. americanum, including behavior, formulation, and ap ... | 2000 | 15218915 |
| relative encounter frequencies and prevalence of selected borrelia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma infections in amblyomma americanum and ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) ticks from central new jersey. | to evaluate their relative importance in tick-borne disease transmission in new jersey, host-seeking amblyomma americanum (l.) and ixodes scapularis say adults and nymphs were collected during spring activity periods in 2003 and 2004 to determine relative frequencies at which these ticks were encountered from an area known to be hyperendemic for lyme disease. although similar numbers of the two species were encountered during early spring of both years, a. americanum were encountered more often ... | 2005 | 15962799 |
| host associations of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in residential and natural settings in a lyme disease-endemic area in new jersey. | we live-trapped small mammals and flagged vegetation within wooded natural and residential landscapes to examine how any observed differences in small mammal species composition may influence ixodes scapularis say burdens and the abundance of host-seeking ticks. two years of live trapping showed that eastern chipmunks, tamias striatus, were captured with significantly greater frequency in some residential areas than white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, whereas the proportion of white-footed m ... | 2005 | 16465736 |
| strategies for reducing the risk of lyme borreliosis in north america. | the incidence of lyme borreliosis continues to increase in the united states. in 1991, when lyme borreliosis first became a nationally reportable disease to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), a total of 9470 cases were reported; in contrast, by 2002 a total of 23,763 cases were reported, >2.5x the total in 1991. area-wide acaricides can be highly effective in killing nymphal ixodes scapularis, with >95% of nymphs killed in studies using cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, or carbaryl. t ... | 2006 | 16524769 |
| relative abundance and prevalence of selected borrelia infections in ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) from publicly owned lands in monmouth county, new jersey. | to evaluate their potential importance in the transmission of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses in monmouth county, nj, we collected host-seeking ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) adults and nymphs to determine relative encounter frequencies and the infection prevalence of selected borrelia spp. in their respective tick vectors. we also reviewed records of all ticks submitted for identification by the public in monmouth county during 2001-2005. relative abundance ... | 2006 | 17162963 |
| effects of reduced deer density on the abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) and lyme disease incidence in a northern new jersey endemic area. | we monitored the abundance of ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae) and the lyme disease incidence rate after the incremental removal of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus zimmermann, within a suburban residential area to determine whether there was a measurable decrease in the abundance of ticks due to deer removal and whether the reduction in ticks resulted in a reduction in the incidence rate within the human population. after three seasons, the estimated deer population was reduced ... | 2007 | 17915504 |
| surveillance for lyme disease--united states, 1992-2006. | lyme disease is a multisystem disease that occurs in north america, europe, and asia. in the united states, the etiologic agent is borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a spirochete transmitted to humans by infected ixodes scapularis and i. pacificus ticks. the majority of patients with lyme disease develop a characteristic rash, erythema migrans (em), accompanied by symptoms of fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, myalgia, or arthralgia. other manifestations of infection can include arthritis, card ... | 2008 | 18830214 |
| effectiveness of the 4-poster passive topical treatment device in the control of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in new jersey. | twenty-five "4-poster" feeders were placed throughout a 5.2 km(2) study area within a secured military facility situated in a hyperendemic area for lyme disease in central monmouth county, new jersey. calculated levels of control, relative to untreated areas, peaked at 82.7%, 77.3%, and 94.2% for of host-seeking ixodes scapularis say larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively, within 5 years of deployment. control of host-seeking amblyomma americanum (l.) peaked at 99.2%, 89.5%, and 96.9% for larv ... | 2009 | 19650733 |
| precipitation and temperature as predictors of the local abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) nymphs. | populations of ixodes scapularis say nymphs were surveyed at a lyme disease- endemic area for 8 consecutive yr (1998-2005) to characterize annual changes in abundance. precipitation and temperature were also monitored over the period 1998-2004 to determine their potential value as predictors of tick abundance. although both parameters showed annual variation, no statistical differences in the annual abundance of i. scapularis nymphs were observed over the 8-yr period. our results suggest that pr ... | 2009 | 19769032 |
| ability of two natural products, nootkatone and carvacrol, to suppress ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in a lyme disease endemic area of new jersey. | we evaluated the ability of the natural, plant-derived acaricides nootkatone and carvacrol to suppress ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae). aqueous formulations of 1 and 5% nootkatone applied by backpack sprayer to the forest litter layer completely suppressed i. scapularis nymphs through 2 d. thereafter, the level of reduction gradually declined to < or =50% at 28 d postapplication. against a. americanum nymphs, 1% nootkatone was less effective, but at a 5% con ... | 2009 | 20069863 |
| suppression of host-seeking ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) nymphs after dual applications of plant-derived acaricides in new jersey. | we evaluated the ability of dual applications of natural, plant-derived acaricides to suppress nymphal ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) in a lyme disease endemic area of new jersey. an aqueous formulation of 2% nootkatone provided >90% control of i. scapularis through 7 d. control declined to 80.9% at 14 d, and a second application was made that provided >95% control through the remaining 4 wk of the nymphal season. nootkatone provided >90% control of a. amer ... | 2011 | 21510219 |
| elimination of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodent reservoirs and ixodes scapularis ticks using a doxycycline hyclate-laden bait. | a field trial was conducted in a lyme disease-endemic area of new jersey to determine the efficacy of a doxycyline hyclate rodent bait to prophylactically protect and cure small-mammal reservoirs and reduce infection rates in questing ixodes scapularis ticks for borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum. the doxycycline-laden bait was formulated at a concentration of 500 mg/kg and delivered during the immature tick feeding season in rodent-targeted bait boxes. the percentage of infected ... | 2011 | 22144454 |
| ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and other ixodid ticks collected from white-tailed deer in new jersey, usa. i. geographical distribution and its relation to selected environmental and physical factors. | | 1984 | 6502632 |
| effectiveness of two insecticides in controlling ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) following an outbreak of lyme disease in new jersey. | | 1987 | 3114494 |
| lyme disease: a proposed ecological index to assess areas of risk in the northeastern united states. | recent public awareness has resulted in a demand for information about ways to reduce the risk of acquiring lyme disease. | 1991 | 2029039 |