| differential distribution of hepatitis c virus subtypes in asia: comparative study among thailand, indonesia, the philippines and japan. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is currently classified into at least six major genotypes, each of which is further divided into a number of subtypes. it has been reported that prevalence of each subtype varies among different geographical regions of the world and that severity of liver disease and sensitivity to interferon treatment varies with different subtypes. the purpose of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence of each subtype among hcv isolates in different areas in asia such as ... | 1997 | 9640596 |
| prevalence of gb virus c/hepatitis g virus infection among various populations in surabaya, indonesia, and identification of novel groups of sequence variants. | a molecular epidemiological study was performed to investigate the prevalence of gb virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv) infection among various populations in surabaya, indonesia. the prevalence of gbv-c/hgv rna, determined by reverse transcription-pcr for a portion of the ns3 region of the viral genome, was 2.7% (4 of 150) among randomly collected blood donor sera, which were all negative for both hepatitis b virus surface antigen and antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv). on the other h ... | 2000 | 10655364 |
| genotype and subtype analyses of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and possible co-infection of hbv and hepatitis c virus (hcv) or hepatitis d virus (hdv) in blood donors, patients with chronic liver disease and patients on hemodialysis in surabaya, indonesia. | four subtypes (adw, adr, ayw, and ayr ) and eight genotypes (a to h) of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been identified. they appear to be associated with particular geographic distribution, ethnicity, and possibly clinical outcomes. in this study, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) subtyping and hbv genotyping were carried out on sera obtained from hbsag-positive hbv carriers, including healthy blood donors; patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular ... | 2003 | 14695447 |
| differential prevalence of hepatitis c virus subtypes in healthy blood donors, patients on maintenance hemodialysis, and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in surabaya, indonesia. | determination of the prevalence of liver disease caused by hepatitis c virus (hcv) of various genotypes helps provide an understanding of the virulences of these genotypes. differences in the prevalences of these genotypes are known to exist in the various geographical regions of the world. hence, we performed seroepidemiological and molecular epidemiological analyses of hcv in surabaya, indonesia. the prevalences of anti-hcv antibodies were 2.3, 76.3 and 64.7% in healthy blood donors, patients ... | 1996 | 8940415 |
| hepatitis c virus infection-associated markers in sera from blood donors in surabaya, indonesia. | among 2,233 sera obtained from volunteer blood donors, 259 (11.6%) showed elevated alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels. a second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) revealed that 23 (8.9%) of the 259 sera were positive for antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv), whereas only 9 (1.4%) of 646 sera randomly collected from blood donors with normal alt levels were positive (p < 0.001). the overall prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies among blood donors was estimated to be 2.3%. hc ... | 1996 | 8805106 |
| high prevalence of hiv-1 crf01_ae viruses among female commercial sex workers residing in surabaya, indonesia. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) cause serious health problems and have an impact on the indonesian economy. in addition, the rapid epidemic growth of hiv is continuing in indonesia. commercial sex plays a significant role in the spread of hiv; therefore, in order to reveal the current hiv prevalence rate among commercial sex workers (csws), we conducted an epidemiological study on hiv infection among csws residing in surabaya, the capit ... | 2013 | 24367533 |
| antiviral activities of indonesian medicinal plants in the east java region against hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of liver disease and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. the overall prevalence of hcv infection is 2%, representing 120 million people worldwide. current standard treatment using pegylated interferon and ribavirin is effective in only 50% of the patients infected with hcv genotype 1, and is associated with significant side effects. therefore, it is still of importance to develop new drugs for treatment of hcv. antiviral su ... | 2013 | 24089993 |