| bacterial meningitis--a five year review 1975--1979. | in a five year period 142 cases of bacterial meningitis were reported, of which 50 per cent were children under the age of four years and a third of the children were neonates. the commonest organism isolated was streptococcus pneumoniae, there being 28 cases. the incidence of klebsiella organism causing meningitis has been on the increase, and 20 cases were reported within this period. there has been a change in pattern of neonatal meningitis, with group b streptococcal infection predominating ... | 1981 | 6792976 |
| prospective study of the aetiology of adult community acquired bacterial pneumonia needing hospitalisation in singapore. | a prospective survey of 96 consecutive adult patients with community acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation was carried out at national university hospital, singapore. causative pathogens were identified in 58% of patients. mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common pathogen (21%), followed by streptococcus pneumoniae (12%), haemophilus influenzae (5.2%), mycoplasma pneumoniae (5.2%) and staphylococcus aureus (4.2%). gram-negative organisms (apart from haemophilus influenzae) were foun ... | 1993 | 8266206 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in haemophilus influenzae in a hospital practice. | we studied the clinical spectrum, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of haemophilus influenzae received by our laboratory. the majority of cases involved the elderly (more than 60 years old) and children under the age of 5 years. most infections involved the respiratory tract and were caused by non-serotypable strains. invasive infections (meningitis, septic arthritis and bacteraemia) were infrequent and were caused by both type b and non-serotypable strains. the estimated incidence of invas ... | 1996 | 8799002 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia in singapore. | there has been no previous study documenting the aetiology and prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia in singapore. patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (scap) needing admission to a medical intensive care unit in singapore were studied retrospectively. | 1996 | 8993135 |
| the changing trend in the pattern of infective etiologies in childhood acute lower respiratory tract infection. | the etiologic agents causing acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in hospitalized children were compared for 1995 and 1988. between may 1994 to april 1995, 397 children were admitted to tan tock seng hospital for acute lrti compared to 240 children in 1988. the following criteria for lrti were used: (i) age less than 12 years with a community-acquired lrti; (ii) presence of cough or fever of less than 2 weeks' duration; and (iii) presence of tachypnea, chest retractions or pulmonary in ... | 1997 | 9241892 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae type b infections in singapore children: a hospital-based study. | a 6-year (1990-95) hospital-based retrospective study was carried out to investigate the pattern of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) disease. | 2000 | 10760009 |
| acute epiglottitis in the tropics: is it an adult disease? | acute epiglottitis has traditionally been described as a paediatric disease in reports from temperate countries. there have been very few reports from tropical countries. this is a retrospective review of 32 cases of acute epiglottitis from singapore over an eight-year period from 1992 to 1999. there were 31 adults and only one child. in singapore, haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) immunization in not routine, and thus the increased prevalence in adults cannot be attributed to hib immunization ... | 2001 | 11564297 |
| lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the aetiology and antibiotic-resistance patterns of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in 1999 and compare it with data from 1995 and 1988. | 2003 | 12856747 |
| hand, foot and mouth disease in singapore: a comparison of fatal and non-fatal cases. | an epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd) occurred in singapore between september and november 2000. during the epidemic, there were four hfmd-related deaths and after the epidemic, another three hfmd-related deaths. this study sought to determine the risk factors predictive of death from hfmd disease. | 2003 | 14632332 |
| epidemiology, clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in 1702 hospitalized children in singapore. | childhood community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. the features of childhood cap vary between countries. the aim of this study was to delineate the clinical characteristics, complications, spectrum of pathogens and patterns of antimicrobial resistance associated with hospitalized cases of childhood cap in singapore. | 2007 | 17298459 |
| epidemiology of invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in singapore children, 1994-2003. | invasive haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) diseases are major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. for the period from 1994 to 2003, we retrospectively identified 53 children with invasive hib disease including 31 with meningitis, 14 with pneumonia, 2 with septic arthritis, 2 with epiglottitis, 1 with neutropenic sepsis, and 3 who were bacteraemic without a focus. two children died and 22 had serious sequelae; significantly, survivors with sequelae had presented with meningitis (p-valu ... | 2007 | 17651871 |
| primary vaccination of infants against hepatitis b can be completed using a combined hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis b-inactivated poliomyelitis-haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. | children in singapore receive vaccination against hepatitis b virus (hbv) at 0, 1 and 5 or 6 months of age, and vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, and polio at 3, 4 and 5 months of age. parents often choose to vaccinate with the combined acellular-pertussis-inactivated polio-hib vaccine (dtpa-ipv/hib). we investigated whether a combined hexavalent vaccine, dtpa-hbv-ipv/hib, could replace the separate administration of dtpa-ipv/hib and hbv for the final vaccination at 5 months of ... | 2007 | 17987229 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in a placebo-controlled rotavirus vaccine study. | in recent years, acellular pertussis combination vaccines have facilitated compliance with and coverage of the national immunisation programme in singapore. this phase-ii study (rota-007) evaluated the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of a dtpa-ipv/hib combined vaccine when co-administered with a rotavirus vaccine. | 2008 | 18695765 |
| safety and reactogenicity of dtpa-hbv-ipv/hib and dtpa-ipv/i-hib vaccines in a post-marketing surveillance setting. | combination vaccines have been shown to improve the timeliness of vaccination and vaccine coverage. safety and reactogenicity of combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (dtpa-ipv/hib, infanrix ipv+hib, glaxosmithkline biologicals) was assessed in two clinical studies. in study a, 2,590 subjects received dtpa-ipv/hib at 3, 4 and 5 months of age with a booster at 18 months. in study b, 702 subjects received the same schedule ... | 2011 | 21323176 |
| a 15-year retrospective analysis of prognostic factors in childhood bacterial meningitis. | this retrospective chart review aimed to identify factors in childhood bacterial meningitis that predicted disease severity and long-term outcome. | 2016 | 26426265 |
| a randomised trial to evaluate the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines in singapore and malaysia. | the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines were evaluated among infants from singapore and malaysia, where phid-cv has been licensed. | 2014 | 25278086 |
| near disappearance of childhood invasive haemophilus influenzae type b disease in singapore. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccines have significantly limited hib's disease impact in every country where it was introduced. we previously estimated invasive hib disease incidence in singapore at ∼4.4 per 100,000 children <5 years (from 1994 to 2003, period 1), but the vaccine was not included in the national childhood immunization schedule until may 2013 (although it was available privately). the current study aims to describe changes in hib disease incidence and vaccine cov ... | 2014 | 25173480 |