| serotypes and biotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae encountered in a clinical laboratory in taiwan. | forty-four serologically and biochemically typable haemophilus influenzae isolates from clinical specimens in taiwan were subjected to analysis in their relationship with source of isolation and age distribution. it was found that all isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid were serotype b, biotype i, and all were in children less than 4 years of age. serotypes b and e, biotypes i and iii were encountered to have the highest incidence of infection caused by h. influenzae in this area. all h. ... | 1979 | 317580 |
| [the ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in taiwan's large-size hospitals]. | the prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from linko chang-gung memorial hospital (2,300 beds) in the period january 1985 to december 1986 and from taipei veterans general hospital (2,300 beds) during the period january 1986 to december 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) the isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) of the total aerobic or facult ... | 1989 | 2791722 |
| antibacterial activity of cefepime in vitro. | cefepime is a new parenterally active fourth-generation cephalosporin which is undergoing in vitro and in vivo evaluations. using the standard agar dilution method we compared the in vitro activity of this drug with other cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of escherichia coli (98 strains), klebsiella pneumoniae (99 strains), acinetobacter spp. (24 strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (98 strains), haemophilus influenzae (108 strains), staphylococcus aureus (100 strains), ente ... | 1994 | 7842821 |
| bacterial meningitis in infants and children in southern taiwan: emphasis on haemophilus influenzae type b infection. | during a four-year period from november 1988 to october 1992, 41 cases of bacterial meningitis with a positive cerebrospinal fluid (csf) culture and/or csf antigen test were collected at the national cheng kung university hospital. the ages of the subjects ranged from 32 days to 13 years, with a median of seven months. the male to female ratio was 2.4:1. the most common causative agent was haemophilus influenzae type b (hib, 29.3%), followed by group b beta-hemolytic streptococci (gbs, 24.4%), s ... | 1993 | 7908569 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae diseases and purulent meningitis in taiwan. | we conducted a 3-year taiwan-wide hospital-based survey of invasive haemophilus influenzae infections in children less than 15 years of age. from january 1992 to december 1994, 105 cases (57 boys, 48 girls) were reported. seventy-three patients (69.5%) had meningitis and 32 patients had other diseases (12 pneumonia, 10 sepsis, 7 cellulitis, 3 arthritis). fourteen patients (13%) died, all of whom had meningitis or sepsis. among the 63 patients who survived meningitis, 17 (27%) had neurologic sequ ... | 1996 | 8870429 |
| antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime in vitro. | cefpodoxime proxetil is a new orally administered prodrug which is absorbed and de-esterified by the intestinal mucosa to release the third-generation cephalosporin, cefpodoxime, and which is undergoing in vitro and in vivo evaluations. using the standard agar dilution method, we compared the in vitro activity of this drug with other oral cephalosporins and quinolones against 637 recent clinical isolates from kaohsiung veterans general hospital in taiwan. against escherichia coli and klebsiella ... | 1997 | 8996737 |
| haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults. | haemophilus influenzae meningitis is rare in adults. we reviewed the microbiological records of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and blood cultures and the medical records of patients with bacterial meningitis admitted to chang gung memorial hospital from january 1978 to may 1996. haemophilus influenzae meningitis was found in six adult patients, accounting for 1.8% of 326 bacteriologically proven adult cases of meningitis diagnosed between january 1984 and may 1996. predisposing conditions included he ... | 1998 | 9791754 |
| an evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a five-component acellular pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus toxoid vaccine (dtap) when combined with a haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (prp-t) in taiwanese infants. | immunologic interference particular to the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) response has been observed with previous acellular pertussis-hib combination vaccines. to test this hypothesis a clinical trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a five-component (pertussis toxoid [pt], filamentous hemagglutinin [fha], pertactin [prn], and fimbriae 2 and 3 [fim]), pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (dtap) when given simultaneously with a lyophilized hib-tetanus tox ... | 1999 | 9917435 |
| in vitro activity of meropenem against common pathogenic bacteria isolated in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of meropenem, in comparison with nine other antimicrobial agents, against 12 different common pathogenic bacteria were evaluated to know the susceptibility of common bacteria to meropenem in taiwan. meropenem was active against most gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas ... | 1998 | 9934544 |
| prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae in taiwan. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of resistance to various antimicrobial drugs among haemophilus influenzae isolates in taiwan. two hundred and ninety-six clinical isolates of h. influenzae were prospectively obtained from nine teaching hospitals throughout taiwan, from june 1994 to april 1995. all isolates were examined for the presence of type b encapsulation and beta-lactamase production. antibiotic susceptibility was determined by means of standard broth microdilution ... | 1999 | 10420699 |
| prospective surveillance of children with invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in taiwan. | during the 16 months from january 1, 1996 through april 30, 1997, forty-three cases of invasive haemophilus influenzae disease were identified in residents younger than 14 years of age in taiwan. h. influenzae serotyping was performed on all isolated specimens. there were 33 (76.7%) cases of type b disease; three (7.0%), non-type b, and seven (16.3%), nontypeable cases. among these h. influenzae type b cases, there were 18 (54.5%) male patients and 15 (45.5%) female patients. with regard to age- ... | 1999 | 10650490 |
| high prevalence of antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in taiwan. the antibiotic resistance study group of the infectious disease society of the republic of china. | we analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of all clinical isolates of 14 common pathogenic bacteria recovered from patients in eight medical centers in taiwan during 1995 and 1996. susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents was tested by the disk diffusion method as recommended by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. of the staphylococcus aureus isolates, 59.3% and 62% were oxacillin-resistant in 1995 and 1996, respectively, whereas 63.2% of the coagulase-nega ... | 2000 | 10705052 |
| multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in taiwan during the 1998-1999 respiratory season. | a susceptibility surveillance study of 276 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, 301 of haemophilus influenzae, and 110 of moraxella catarrhalis was carried out from november 1998 to may 1999 in taiwan. high rates of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (76%), extended-spectrum cephalosporins (56%), azithromycin (94%), clarithromycin (95%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) (65%) for s. pneumoniae isolates and high rates of nonsusceptibility to amoxicillin (58%) and tmp-smx (52%) for h. inf ... | 2000 | 10770773 |
| use of automated riboprinter and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for epidemiological studies of invasive haemophilus influenzae in taiwan. | a total of 87 invasive isolates of haemophilus influenzae isolated throughout taiwan from 1994 to 1998 was collected; 57 were from children <14 years old. in all, 60.9% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin and produced beta-lactamase. ribotyping revealed six different profiles in 55 isolates of type b, nine profiles in 10 isolates of non-type b and 12 profiles in 22 isolates of non-typable h. influenzae. among isolates from 35 cases of meningitis, 30 (86%) were in ribogroups 1, 2 and 3 with ... | 2001 | 11232775 |
| septic arthritis in children: relationship of causative pathogens, complications, and outcome. | this retrospective study investigated the causative pathogens, complications, and outcome of 58 children who were hospitalized for septic arthritis at a tertiary care hospital in southern taiwan from july 1988 to december 2000. the mean age was 3 years (range, 12 days-16 years). the males/females ratio was 1.2:1. ninety percent of the cases involved lower extremities (knee, hip, and ankle) with the hip being the most common site of infection (54%). joint pain (81%) was the most common clinical p ... | 2003 | 12741732 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccine/haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine administered to taiwanese infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. | combined vaccines are urgently needed to ensure compliance with the increasing number of recommended vaccines for children. we evaluated the safety and antibody response to a diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccine/haemophilus influenzae type b (dtap-ipv/hib) combination vaccine administrated to infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. | 2003 | 12934847 |
| clinical analysis of bronchiectasis in taiwanese children. | the clinical features and etiology of bronchiectasis have rarely been described in non-caucasian populations, of whom the prevalence of cystic fibrosis is low. in this report, we studied the clinical features of bronchiectasis in taiwanese children. | 2004 | 15095957 |
| epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in taiwan, 1997 and 2000. | in order to determine the incidence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) meningitis in taiwan, we analyzed the national health insurance research database (nhird). we identified cases that were younger than 5 years old and diagnosed with hib meningitis from the nhird in both 1997 and 2000. sixteen and 8 children with hib meningitis were identified in the nhird for 1997 and 2000, respectively. the majority of cases were 2 years old and under. the overall fatality rate was 8.33%. assuming simila ... | 2004 | 15221036 |
| cellulitis resulting from infection by haemophilus influenzae type b: report of two cases. | cellulitis resulting from infection by haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) is uncommon but may be a characteristic of such infection. especially in the post-hib vaccine era, such infection represents a potentially life-threatening infectious process due to the relatively high incidence of accompanying bacteremia and meningitis. here, we report on two apparently previously healthy children who developed hib cellulitis, one of whom revealed lower-leg cellulitis while the other exhibited buccal cel ... | 2004 | 15335121 |
| high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in isolates from the middle meatus of children and adults with acute rhinosinusitis. | the pathogens in acute rhinosinusitis are similar worldwide. an increase in antibiotic resistance has been shown in a large number of studies in recent years. the prevalence of resistance varies greatly in different countries. this study was performed to determine the endemic prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of acute rhinosinusitis in taiwan. | 2004 | 15706987 |
| etiology of community acquired pneumonia among adult patients requiring hospitalization in taiwan. | there has not been a comprehensive multi-center study investigating the microbial profile of community acquired pneumonia (cap) in taiwan. | 2005 | 16085210 |
| fatal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae sepsis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome: case report and literature review. | a previously healthy 31-month-old male child became acutely ill with dyspnea and high fever 48 h after admission for acute bronchitis. he experienced sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome throughout the subsequent hospitalization, eventually expiring despite aggressive treatment with antibiotics and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. blood cultures yielded ampicillin-resistant non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fatal n ... | 2005 | 16308233 |
| a prospective etiologic study of community-acquired pneumonia in taiwan. | the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is complicated by the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and the tendency to rely on empirical therapy. this study investigated the etiologic agents of adult cap in taiwan and the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from these patients. | 2005 | 16385374 |
| changes in macrolide resistance among respiratory pathogens after decreased erythromycin consumption in taiwan. | measures to alleviate the growing problem of macrolide resistance in taiwan resulted in a decrease in macrolide consumption, from 0.629 defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants per day (dids) in 1999 to 0.301 dids in 2003 (a reduction of 52%). a linear relationship was observed between the decline in erythromycin consumption and the decline in erythromycin resistance in streptococcus pyogenes (46% in 1999 vs. 17% in 2003; p < 0.001) and azithromycin resistance in haemophilus influenzae (31% in 2000 ... | 2006 | 16451421 |
| a fully liquid diphtheria-tetanus-five component acellular pertussis-inactivated poliomyelitis--haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine: immunogenicity and safety of primary vaccination in taiwanese infants. | to assess the immunogenicity of a fully liquid diphtheria-tetanus-five component acellular pertussis-inactivated poliomyelitis-haemophilus influenzae type b (dtap-ipv-hib) conjugate vaccine compared to dtap-ipv and lyophilized hib conjugate vaccines given simultaneously at separate sites as a three-dose primary vaccination in taiwanese infants. | 2007 | 16762579 |
| comparison of in vitro activities of tigecycline with other antimicrobial agents against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in taiwan. | we compared the in vitro activities of tigecycline to those of other agents against 300 nonduplicate isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (194 isolates), haemophilus influenzae (60 isolates), and moraxella catarrhalis (46 isolates) recovered from patients treated in three major hospitals in taiwan from august through december, 2003. all of these isolates were inhibited at 0.5 mg/l of tigecycline. for s. pneumoniae isolates, 72% were not susceptible to penicillin (69% intermediate and 3% resistan ... | 2006 | 16922631 |
| sputum bacteriology in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in taiwan with an emphasis on klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacterial infection is one of the major causes of acute exacerbation of copd (aecopd). this study was undertaken to investigate the microbiology of aecopd. | 2007 | 17207030 |
| low rate of nasopharyngeal carriage and high rate of ampicillin resistance for haemophilus influenzae among healthy children younger than 5 years old in northern taiwan. | surveillance data of colonization by haemophilus influenzae in taiwan are lacking. this study aimed to define the nasopharyngeal carriage rate of h. influenzae among children younger than 5 years in northern taiwan, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility, serotype and the clonal relationship of these isolates. | 2008 | 18327424 |
| invasive haemophilus influenzae disease in adults in taiwan. | haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of invasive infection in infants and children, but it has been considered an uncommon cause of invasive disease in adults. we conducted a retrospective survey of invasive h. influenzae disease in adults in order to better understand the characteristics of clinical presentation and microbiology. | 2008 | 18629415 |
| nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae in intensive care units in taiwan. | a nationwide susceptibility surveillance of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae isolates collected from patients treated at the intensive care units (icus) of ten taiwanese major teaching hospitals was conducted from september 2005 through november 2005. high rates of resistance (intermediate/resistant) of s. pneumoniae to penicillin (85% resistance), ceftriaxone (46%/20%), and cefepime (43%/15%) by meningitis criteria, and in contrast, non-susceptibilities (intermediate/resistan ... | 2009 | 19280234 |
| outbreak of influenza a and b among military recruits: evidence from viral culture and polymerase chain reaction. | influenza is an important cause of acute respiratory illness among military recruits, and pneumonia is the most frequent complication. this study was performed to categorize the clinical manifestations of influenza infections among military recruits. | 2009 | 19597642 |
| comparative in vitro activities of nemonoxacin (tg-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, and other quinolones against clinical isolates. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of nemonoxacin (tg-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, against 770 clinical isolates were investigated. nemonoxacin (tested as its malate salt, tg-875649) showed better in vitro activity than ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against different species of staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and haemophilus influenzae. the in vitro activity of tg-875649 was also comparable to or better than that of moxifloxacin against thes ... | 2010 | 20065058 |
| nosocomial outbreak of biotype i, multidrug-resistant, serologically non-typeable haemophilus influenzae in a respiratory care ward in taiwan. | | 2010 | 20170983 |
| colonisation of fluoroquinolone-resistant haemophilus influenzae among nursing home residents in southern taiwan. | fluoroquinolones have been widely used to treat respiratory tract infections, but fluoroquinolone resistance in haemophilus influenzae has remained rare. in 2007, prospective surveillance cultures of throat swabs and sputum were conducted every two months on 150 residents of four nursing homes in southern taiwan. forty-eight h. influenzae isolates were obtained from 30 (20%) residents. all isolates were non-b serotype and 27 (56.3%) possessed beta-lactamases. resistance to levofloxacin [minimum ... | 2010 | 20356651 |
| alarmingly decreasing rates of amoxicillin-clavulanate susceptibility among clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae from 2001 to 2009 in a medical center in taiwan. | | 2010 | 21145354 |
| Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Alloiococcus otitidis in young children in the era of pneumococcal immunization, Taiwan. | We applied a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae and detected 3 other respiratory pathogens--Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Alloiococcus otitidis--simultaneously by PCR, in the nasopharynx of 386 children aged under 5 y. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen carried by children in all age groups, with the rate ranging from 15.8% in children aged 3-4 y to 28.6% in children aged 2-3 y. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis sh ... | 2011 | 21892897 |
| clinical spectrum of acute rhinosinusitis among atopic and nonatopic children in taiwan. | rhinitis and sinusitis are very common medical conditions and have been shown to be frequently associated. the role of allergies in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis has been confirmed; however, the role of allergies in acute rhinosinusitis is debatable. nonetheless, allergies are an important factor in the development of rhinosinusitis. | 2011 | 22051141 |
| risk factors to predict drug-resistant pathogens in hemodialysis-associated pneumonia. | after the concept of healthcare associated pneumonia (hcap) was introduced in 2005 by the american thoracic society/infectious disease society of america (ats/idsa), pneumonia in hemodialysis patients has been classified as hcap. even though there are several risk factors and scoring systems of drug-resistant pathogens (drps) in hcap, the risk factors for drps in hemodialysis-associated pneumonia are unclear. | 2016 | 27502599 |
| evolving trends of neonatal and childhood bacterial meningitis in northern taiwan. | the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis varies in different areas, age groups, and times. to know the trend of neonatal and childhood bacterial meningitis in northern taiwan, we performed this 29-year-long assessment. | 2015 | 24184002 |
| levofloxacin-resistant haemophilus influenzae, taiwan, 2004-2010. | levofloxacin resistance in haemophilus influenzae has increased significantly in taiwan, from 2.0% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2010 (p<0.001). clinical and molecular investigations of 182 levofloxacin-resistant isolates revealed that the increase was mainly the result of the spread of several clones in the elderly population in different regions. | 2014 | 25061696 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in the era prior to universal pneumococcal vaccination in taiwanese children. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most frequent bacterial infections in children. streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are the two major bacterial pathogens. pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced into taiwan in 2005 and only some children were vaccinated. this retrospective study assessed the bacterial etiology of aom and its antimicrobial susceptibility in the era prior to universal pneumococcal vaccination in taiwan. | 2014 | 24080520 |
| clinical manifestations and microbiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea in children. | in taiwan, clinical and microbiological data on acute otitis media (aom) with spontaneous otorrhea in children are limited. | 2013 | 23757372 |
| etiology of empyema thoracis and parapneumonic pleural effusion in taiwanese children and adolescents younger than 18 years of age. | we analyzed blood and pleural fluid samples from 89 taiwanese children with empyema thoracis and parapneumonic pleural effusion. streptococcus pneumoniae was the major pathogen, identified in 12 children by bacterial culture and 53 children by molecular techniques, and serotype 19a was the dominant serotype. also noteworthy was the detection of pneumococcal serotype 1, haemophilus influenzae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in these children. | 2013 | 23340566 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccines and atopic disorders: a prospective cohort study. | epidemiologic evidence for an association between vaccinations and atopy development is inconsistent. we evaluated the influence of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) combination vaccines in 6-month-old infants on the prevalence of atopic disorders in 18-month-old children. | 2012 | 23265751 |
| epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of culture-proven acute otitis media in taiwanese children. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common diseases in children. here, we describe the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of aom in taiwanese children over a 10-year period. | 2012 | 23089688 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine coadministered with the tetravalent meningococcal serogroups a, c, w-135 and y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in toddlers: a randomized trial. | this open, randomized clinical trial (nct00758264) evaluated the coadministration of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) and a single dose of the tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (menacwy-tt) in taiwanese and mexican toddlers. | 2013 | 23076383 |
| immunogenicity and safety of 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugate vaccine (phid-cv) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines in taiwan. | the immunogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae) protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv), co-administered with routine childhood vaccines, were assessed in taiwanese infants. | 2012 | 23021506 |
| does empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with fluoroquinolones delay tuberculosis treatment and result in fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis? controversies and solutions. | the role of fluoroquinolones (fqs) as empirical therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains controversial in countries with high tuberculosis (tb) endemicity owing to the possibility of delayed tb diagnosis and treatment and the emergence of fq resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. although the rates of macrolide-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-resistant haemophilus influenzae have risen to alarming levels, the rates of respiratory fq (rfq) resis ... | 2012 | 22285045 |