Publications

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progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance among invasive isolates of haemophilus influenzae obtained from children admitted to a hospital in kilifi, kenya, from 1994 to 2002.etest susceptibilities to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of 240 invasive isolates of haemophilus influenzae cultured from children in rural kenya were 66%, 66%, and 38%, respectively. resistance increased markedly over 9 years and was concentrated among serotype b isolates. in africa, the increasing cost of treating resistant infections supports economic arguments for prevention through conjugate h. influenzae type b immunization.200515980390
the descriptive epidemiology of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults in kilifi district, kenya.transmission and nasopharyngeal colonization are necessary steps en route to invasive pneumococcal or haemophilus influenzae disease but their patterns vary geographically. in east africa we do not know how these pathogens are transmitted between population subgroups nor which serotypes circulate commonly.200818162940
immunization coverage and risk factors for failure to immunize within the expanded programme on immunization in kenya after introduction of new haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens.kenya introduced a pentavalent vaccine including the dtp, haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens in nov 2001 and strengthened immunization services. we estimated immunization coverage before and after introduction, timeliness of vaccination and risk factors for failure to immunize in kilifi district, kenya.200616707013
economic evaluation of delivering haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in routine immunization services in kenya.haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine was introduced into routine immunization services in kenya in 2001. we aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of hib vaccine delivery.200717768499
effectiveness of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine introduction into routine childhood immunization in kenya.haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine is not perceived as a public health priority in africa because data on hib disease burden and vaccine effectiveness are scarce. hib immunization was introduced in kenyan infants in 2001.200616896110
bacteraemia in kenyan children with sickle-cell anaemia: a retrospective cohort and case-control study.in sub-saharan africa, more than 90% of children with sickle-cell anaemia die before the diagnosis can be made. the causes of death are poorly documented, but bacterial sepsis is probably important. we examined the risk of invasive bacterial diseases in children with sickle-cell anaemia.200919747721
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