| organophosphate resistance in culex pipiens from cyprus. | populations of culex pipiens were sampled from 8 locations in cyprus between 1987 and 1993. all population samples generally revealed organophosphate resistance to malathion, temephos, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, dichlorvos, and pirimiphos methyl, in decreasing order of magnitude. of 7 populations assessed with the carbamate propoxur, all proved to be resistant to different degrees. of the 6 populations tested with permethrin, 2 were resistant to permethrin. resistance was associated with the presen ... | 1996 | 8723267 |
| identification of two distinct amplifications of the esterase b locus in culex pipiens (l.) mosquitoes from mediterranean countries. | two new highly active esterases were detected by starch electrophoretic studies in culex pipiens mosquitoes from the area of montpellier (france) and from cyprus. we demonstrate here that both the french and the cyprus esterases b are overproduced due to amplification of the coding gene. the production of the esterase b is approximately 50- and 500-fold higher in mosquitoes from france and cyprus, respectively, than in susceptible insects, whereas the number of gene copies is about 25 and 250. d ... | 1992 | 1520252 |
| baseline susceptibility to bacterial insecticides in populations of culex pipiens complex (diptera: culicidae) from california and from the mediterranean island of cyprus. | bacterial insecticides play an increasingly important role in mosquito control. to establish guidelines for detecting resistance at an early stage, information on natural variation in susceptibility of insect populations to these insecticides is needed. between 1990 and 1993, the susceptibility of culex pipiens l. complex to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de barjac and/or bacillus sphaericus neide was determined in 31 collections from california. these collections were undertaken befo ... | 2001 | 11561853 |
| a new amino-acid substitution in acetylcholinesterase 1 confers insecticide resistance to culex pipiens mosquitoes from cyprus. | in insects, selection of insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache) is a very common resistance mechanism. mosquitoes possess both ache1 and ache2 enzymes and insensitivity is conferred by single amino-acid changes located near the active site of the synaptic ache1. only two positions have been reported so far to be involved in resistance, suggesting a very high structural constraint of the ache1 enzyme. in particular, the g119s substitution was selected in several mosquitoes' species a ... | 2007 | 17175445 |
| susceptibility of culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) field populations in cyprus to conventional organic insecticides, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and methoprene. | culex pipiens pipiens l. populations on cyprus were sampled over a 6-yr period from 2002 to 2008 to evaluate the status of insecticide resistance toward the insecticides temephos, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin and to study susceptibility levels toward the recently introduced bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de barjac and the juvenile hormone analog, methoprene. susceptibility to the three conventional chemical insecticides varied between different collections, with ... | 2009 | 19645293 |
| isolation and characterization of two novel organophosphate resistance mechanisms in culex pipiens from cyprus. | two novel mechanisms of organophosphate resistance were isolated and characterized from a population of culex pipiens l. from cyprus. two strains, one expressing the novel, highly active esterases a5 and b5 (strain a5b5-r), and one expressing insensitive acetylcholinesterase (strain ace-r), were developed by single pair crosses and selection with temephos and propoxur, respectively. the a5b5-r strain demonstrated resistance toward organophosphate insecticides that could be suppressed by the este ... | 1998 | 10084133 |