| ecology and prevention of a shellfish-associated hepatitis a epidemic in shanghai, china. | during a shellfish-borne hepatitis a outbreak in shanghai during the first quarter of 1988, 300,000 cases were reported in two months. using cell culture and experimental infection of marmosets, hepatitis a virus (hav) was isolated from clams collected from the market and the sea bed during the epidemic. a dose-response curve correlating the quantity of clams consumed to the attack rate of hepatitis a was well documented. the occurrence of the epidemic was associated with a good harvest of clams ... | 1992 | 1335663 |
| an epidemic of hepatitis a attributable to the ingestion of raw clams in shanghai, china. | an epidemic of hepatitis a in 1988 in shanghai had an overall attack rate of 4083/100,000 population (292,301 cases). the epidemic curve showed three peaks in january and february. a case-control study of 1208 matched pairs supported that clams were the vehicle for the virus (summary odds ratio, 9.47; p less than .001). analysis of subsets who had eaten clams indicated that only 3.5% with hepatitis a had cooked their clams compared with 18.1% without hepatitis a, and those with the disease consu ... | 1991 | 1658157 |
| [outcome of pregnancy complicated by hepatitis a in the urban districts of shanghai]. | in 1988, during an epidemic 431 cases of hepatitis a among a group 7,476 pregnant women were in the 12 women health units at urban area of shanghai, accounting for a morbidity rate of 5,765.1/100,000 pregnant women. the ratio of spontaneous abortion, induced abortion and term delivery were 18:15:67. there were 16 perinatal deaths in the 288 delivered cases. the perinatal mortality rate was 55.6/1,000 and its relative risk, as compared with that of the whole shanghai urban districts was 4.1, at t ... | 1990 | 2209221 |
| [risk factors analysis of epidemic hepatitis a in a factory in shanghai]. | an investigation of the epidemic of hepatitis a which occurred in early 1988 in shanghai was conducted at the shanghai number 2 yarn dyeing and weaving mill. in this factory the attack rate between january and april 1988 was 9%. the rate was highest among staff and workers who ate raw clams (18%) but also higher among those who ate cooked clams (7%) than among those who did not eat clams (2%). in addition, independent risk factors for infection were: age below 30 years (relative risk = 3.0, 95% ... | 1990 | 2364805 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a and b in the shanghai area: prevalence of serum markers. | different population groups from the shanghai area were surveyed by radioimmunoassay for serologic markers of previous infections with hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b virus. there were no significant differences in the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in males and females, or in persons living in rural or urban areas. the prevalence of anti-hav showed a biphasic increase with age, approaching 100% above age 50 years whereas the geometric mean titers declined. the rate o ... | 1984 | 6089547 |
| what did we learn from the shanghai hepatitis a epidemic? | a major outbreak of hepatitis a (hav), associated with consumption of raw clams, occurred in shanghai, china in 1988. over 300 000 cases were reported, of which 47 (0.015%) were fatal. an elevated mortality rate was observed in hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive patients (0.05%). the majority of these patients were also hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag)-positive, indicating active liver disease and high viral replication rates. the increased mortality in hepatitis b virus (hbv)/hav coinfec ... | 2000 | 10870174 |
| [detection of hepatitis a virus in environmental samples by coupled reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction]. | a direct reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to detect hav-seeded sea water, coastal sediment and arca subcrenata, hav strain treated by different kind of disinfection, and naturally occurring hav in arca subcrenata. the results showed that hav could be detected in hav-seeded sea water, coastal sediment and arca subcrenata. hav could also be detected in hav strain disinfected by phenol, suggesting that inactive hav could also show positive pcr. only arc ... | 1997 | 15747458 |
| [a study on seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china. | 2009 | 20038329 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody in a population aged 0-30 years in shanghai, china: implications for hepatitis a immunization. | this study aimed to determine current seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody in subjects aged 0-30 years in shanghai. a total of 5515 subjects were recruited through random clustering sampling in 2009. basic clinical and demographic information and records of hav vaccination were acquired by questionnaire interviews and review of immunization records. serum samples were collected and tested for anti-hav igm and total anti-hav. the overall seroprevalence of total anti-hav was 52·9%. s ... | 2013 | 22687628 |