| mortality due to shigellosis: community and hospital data. | almost all fatal cases of shigellosis occur in developing countries, and data on mortality are generally compiled from three sources: investigations of epidemics caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1, surveillance of endemic diarrheal disease, and reports from hospitals. attack rates during epidemics of dysentery due to infection with s. dysenteriae type 1 have ranged from 1% to 33%, and case-fatality rates have ranged from 1% to 7%. in matlab, a rural district in bangladesh, most diarrhea-relat ... | 1991 | 2047645 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh: a 10-year survey. | the epidemiological data on shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh, were reviewed for a 10-year period (1975-84). certain similarities and differences were observed in the epidemiology of the disease in teknaf when compared with urban dhaka and rural matlab. similarities included: round-the-year infection with two peaks, one in the monsoon period and the other in the winter period; high male to female attendance ratio at the treatment centre; the predominance of infection in the und ... | 1990 | 2200700 |
| electropherotyping of plasmid dna of different serotypes of shigella flexneri isolated in bangladesh. | one hundred and twenty-five shigella flexneri strains, isolated during january-december 1984, at the dhaka treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, were serotyped using absorbed rabbit antisera specific for all type- and group-factor antigens, as well as a group of ten mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies. electropherotypes of the plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) were also determined. s. flexneri 2a was the predominant serotype followed by 3b, 1 ... | 1989 | 2661251 |
| fourteen years of shigellosis in dhaka: an epidemiological analysis. | we examined whether the proportion of shigellae patients among diarrhoeal cases, the distribution, species, case-fatality rates and hospital visits changed over time in dhaka. we isolated 19639 shigella strains from 822812 diarrhoea cases treated at the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b), between 1969 and 1982. the number of cases increased from 209 (2.5%) in 1969 to 4833 (7.7%) in 1976. extrapolating from a 4% vigorous systematic sample of icddr,b hospita ... | 1985 | 4086147 |
| changes in the trend of shigellosis in dhaka: family study on secondary infection, clinical manifestation and sensitivity pattern: 1980. | the incidence of shigellosis and the death rate have increased and the resistance of shigellae to antibiotics has changed in dhaka during our experiences. in 1980, we investigated the secondary infection and case rates, infection to case ratio, duration of illness, excretion of shigellae and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in 100 families with cases of shigellosis, culturing rectal swabs obtained by home visits for a 10-day period. standard methods were used for culture and sensitivity tests. the ... | 1984 | 6380011 |
| contrasting epidemiology of shigellae dysenteriae and shigellae flexneri, dacca. | | 1980 | 7003832 |
| pattern of shigella flexneri serotypes and drug-resistance in dacca. | | 1981 | 7016755 |
| multiple drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in rajbari district, bangladesh. | twenty-one shigellae isolates were obtained from bloody faecal specimens of diarrhoeal patients at rajbari district hospital from january 1994 to june 1995, and serogrouped. fourteen (67%) isolates belonged to the shigella dysenteriae serogroup and 7 (33%) to shigella flexneri serogroup. shigella dysenteriae strains were further serotyped; all were shigella dysenteriae 1. each strain was tested for resistance to 6 common antimicrobial agents. the two strains had different antibiotic susceptibili ... | 1997 | 9308296 |
| shigellosis in children: a clinico-epidemiological comparison between shigella dysenteriae type i and shigella flexneri. | we reviewed the clinical and epidemiological features of 390 children under 5 years of age infected with either shigella dysenteriae type i or shigella flexneri attending a diarrhoea treatment centre from 1993 to 1995 in dhaka, bangladesh. older age (24 months or more), underweight and wasting but not stunting were the host factors significantly more associated with shigella dysenteriae type i infection than in shigella flexneri-infected children. moreover, use of antibiotics at home, use of wat ... | 1998 | 9924557 |
| altering trends in the dominance of shigella flexneri serotypes and emergence of serologically atypical s. flexneri strains in dhaka, bangladesh. | of 469 recently isolated shigella flexneri strains, 452 agglutinated with shigella flexneri-specific monoclonal antibodies. of these, 396 could be assigned to 10 of the currently recognized 15 serotypes, with s. flexneri 2b dominating (23.2%). of the 56 untypeable strains which showed invasive properties, 17 were serologically atypical and the remaining 39 belonged to a new serotype. | 2001 | 11574611 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of serologically atypical strains of shigella flexneri type 4 isolated in dhaka, bangladesh. | twenty-one atypical shigella flexneri type 4 strains isolated from patients attending the dhaka treatment center of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, were extensively characterized and compared with s. flexneri serotypes 4a and 4b. the atypical strains agglutinated only with the type antigen factor 4 and did not agglutinate with any group factors, thereby excluding their characterization into serotype 4a or 4b. of the 21 strains, 85.7% did not ferment mannitol ... | 2002 | 12089268 |
| isolation of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri strains from surface waters in bangladesh: comparative molecular analysis of environmental shigella isolates versus clinical strains. | bacillary dysentery caused by shigella species is a public health problem in developing countries including bangladesh. although, shigellae-contaminated food and drinks are often the source of the epidemic's spread, the possible presence of the pathogen and transmission of it through environmental waters have not been adequately examined. we analyzed surface waters collected in dhaka, bangladesh, for the presence of shigellae by a combination of pcr assays followed by concentration and culturing ... | 2002 | 12147489 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of provisional serotype shigella flexneri 1c and clonal relationships with 1a and 1b strains isolated in bangladesh. | the serotypes of 144 strains of shigella flexneri serotype 1 (serotypes 1a, 1b, and 1c) isolated from patients attending the dhaka treatment center of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, between 1997 and 2001 were serologically confirmed by using commercially available antisera and a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for s. flexneri group and type factor antigen (masf). among serotype 1 isolates, the prevalence of provisional serotype s. flexneri 1c increa ... | 2003 | 12517835 |
| epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of acute diarrhea with emphasis on entamoeba histolytica infections in preschool children in an urban slum of dhaka, bangladesh. | the epidemiology, clinical features, nutritional status, and causative agents of diarrhea were studied in 289 bangladeshi children (147 boys and 142 girls) 2-5 years old. the use of improved diagnostic tests for amebiasis enabled for the first time analysis of the contribution of entamoeba histolytica to total diarrheal illness in this community setting. the average incidence rate of diarrhea was 1.8/child-year, and the average number of diarrheal days was 3.7 days/child-year over an average obs ... | 2003 | 14640500 |
| risk factors for mortality due to shigellosis: a case-control study among severely-malnourished children in bangladesh. | to determine the risk factors for death of severely-malnourished bangladeshi children with shigellosis, a case-control study was conducted at the clinical research and service centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research in dhaka, bangladesh. one hundred severely-malnourished children (weight-for-age <60% of median of the national center for health statistics), with a positive stool culture for shigella dysenteriae type 1 or s. flexneri, who died during hospitalization, were comp ... | 2005 | 16262023 |
| the emerging strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 in bangladesh are clonal. | a total of 113 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 isolated from patients attending the dhaka diarrhoea treatment centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research during the period 1999-2004 were studied. serotype of the isolates was confirmed using commercially available antisera. except for arabinose fermentation, all the strains had similar biochemical reactions. more than 60% of the strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics; only 6% (n=7) of the strains were resistan ... | 2006 | 16684401 |
| changing species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of shigella over a 29-year period (1980-2008). | we studied changes in species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella during 1980-2008, using the diarrhoeal diseases surveillance system of dhaka hospital of icddr,b. in hospitalized patients shigella prevalence decreased steadily from 8-12% in the 1980s to 3% in 2008. endemic s. flexneri was the most commonly isolated species (54%). epidemic s. dysenteriae type 1 had two peaks in 1984 and 1993, but was not found after 2000, except for one case in 2004. the therapeutic op ... | 2011 | 20478088 |
| bacterial aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases and antimicrobial resistance in dhaka, bangladesh, 2005-2008. | summaryinfectious diarrhoea caused by bacterial pathogens contributes to the high level of mortality in developing countries like bangladesh. following standard bacteriological procedures, a total of 14 428 bacterial pathogens were isolated from 56 132 stool samples and rectal swabs collected from diarrhoeal patients between 2005 and 2008. the rate of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility data were retrospectively analysed for these isolates and among them vibrio spp. (42·9%) were the most ... | 2011 | 22040529 |
| microbial contamination of street vended foods from a university campus in bangladesh. | the microbiological quality of street vended food samples from dhaka, bangladesh was evaluated. the objective of the study was to identify the presence of common pathogens (escherichia coli, shigella spp, salmonella and vibrio spp) and to describe the molecular characterization of e coli, a commonly found pathogen in various street foods. fifty food samples were collected from fixed and mobile vendors from two sampling locations (mohakhali and aftabnagar) in dhaka city, bangladesh. the tested sa ... | 2015 | 26521522 |
| plasmid-mediated sulfamethoxazole resistance encoded by the sul2 gene in the multidrug-resistant shigella flexneri 2a isolated from patients with acute diarrhea in dhaka, bangladesh. | in this study, mechanisms of plasmid-mediated sulfamethoxazole resistances in the clinical strains of multi-drug resistant (mdr) shigella flexneri 2a were elucidated for the first time in bangladesh. from 2006 to 2011, a total of 200 s. flexneri 2a strains were randomly selected from the stock of the enteric and food microbiology laboratory of icddr,b. antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains showed 73%, 98%, 93%, 58%, 98%, 64% and 4% resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic aci ... | 2014 | 24416393 |