| genetic characterization of bagaza virus (bagv) isolated in india and evidence of anti-bagv antibodies in sera collected from encephalitis patients. | during investigations into the outbreak of encephalitis in 1996 in the kerala state in india, an arbovirus was isolated from a culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito pool. it was characterized as a japanese encephalitis and west nile virus cross-reactive arbovirus by complement fixation test. a plaque reduction-neutralization test was performed using hyperimmune sera raised against the plaque-purified arbovirus isolate. the sera did not show reactivity with japanese encephalitis virus and were weakly ... | 2009 | 19570951 |
| serological evidence of widespread west nile virus and japanese encephalitis virus infection in native domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos var domesticus) in kuttanad region, kerala, india. | birds can act as reservoirs of west nile virus (wnv) with a key role in its epidemiology. wnv lineage 1 associated fatal cases of human encephalitis in 2011 and acute flaccid paralysis in 2013 were reported in alappuzha district, kerala, india. but no information is available on wnv circulation in domestic ducks, which are abundant, cohabit with humans and occupy wetlands and water bodies in the region. to determine the extent of wnv infection, we investigated 209 sera, 250 oral and 350 cloacal ... | 2016 | 27638121 |
| west nile encephalitis outbreak in kerala, india, 2011. | an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) was reported in kerala in india in may 2011. the outbreak features were unusual in terms of seasonality, geographical distribution, age group, and clinical manifestations in comparison to the epidemiological features of japanese encephalitis. | 2014 | 24985196 |
| outcomes of west nile encephalitis patients after 1 year of west nile encephalitis outbreak in kerala, india: a follow-up study. | we reported an acute encephalitis syndrome outbreak in alappuzha district in kerala, india during the year 2011. the etiology was confirmed to be west nile virus lineage 1. many encephalitis patients from this outbreak exhibited neurological sequelae post recovery. this study was aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of west nile encephalitis confirmed case-patients after 1 year of acute illness. forty west nile virus confirmed encephalitis patients were selected from the 2011 outbreak was inclu ... | 2016 | 27061922 |
| effects of rainfall and salinity increase on prevalence of vector mosquitoes in coastal areas of alappuzha district, kerala. | seasonal abundance patterns for japanese encephalitis vectors along climatic variations were studied in the coastal areas of alappuzha district from june 2012 to may 2013. a total of 10563 female mosquitoes belonging to eleven species were collected. culex gelidustheobald (50.04%), cx. tritaeniorhynchus giles (26.50%), and cx. sitiens wiedemann (7.55%) were found to be most common in these areas. cx. sitiens females were collected from each sampling occasion from early monsoon season june to lat ... | 2015 | 26688968 |
| vector competence of two indian populations of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes to three west nile virus strains. | culex quinquefasciatus is one of the principal vectors of west nile virus (wnv). the mosquito also acts as a bridge vector as it feeds on both birds and humans. in the background of the recent reports of wnv activity in kerala and assam with fatalities, a study was initiated to determine the growth kinetics and transmission mechanisms of three strains of wnv in two populations of cx. quinquefasciatus. | 2015 | 26418647 |