| food-borne botulism in canada, 1971-84. | sixty-one outbreaks of food-borne botulism involving a total of 122 cases, of which 21 were fatal, were recorded from 1971 to 1984 in canada. most occurred in northern quebec, the northwest territories or british columbia. of the 122 victims 113 were native people, mostly inuit. most of the outbreaks (59%) were caused by raw, parboiled or "fermented" meats from marine mammals; fermented salmon eggs or fish accounted for 23% of the outbreaks. three outbreaks were attributed to home-preserved food ... | 1985 | 2866023 |
| prey specialization may influence patterns of gene flow in wolves of the canadian northwest. | this study characterizes population genetic structure among grey wolves (canis lupus) in northwestern canada, and discusses potential physical and biological determinants of this structure. four hundred and ninety-one grey wolves, from nine regions in the yukon, northwest territories and british columbia, were genotyped using nine microsatellite loci. results indicate that wolf gene flow is reduced significantly across the mackenzie river, most likely due to the north-south migration patterns of ... | 2001 | 11903892 |
| the role of predation in the decline and extirpation of woodland caribou. | to select appropriate recovery strategies for endangered populations, we must understand the dynamics of small populations and distinguish between the possible causes that drive such populations to low numbers. it has been suggested that the pattern of population decline may be inversely density-dependent with population growth rates decreasing as populations become very small; however, empirical evidence of such accelerated declines at low densities is rare. here we analyzed the pattern of decl ... | 2005 | 15891849 |
| geographic distribution of the muscle-dwelling nematode parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in north america, using molecular identification of first-stage larvae. | molecular identification of dorsal-spined larvae (dsl) from fecal samples indicates that the protostrongylid parasite parelaphostrongylus odocoilei occupies a broader geographic range in western north america than has been previously reported. we analyzed 2,124 fecal samples at 29 locations from thinhorn sheep (ovis dalli dalli and o. d. stonei), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis and o. c. californiana), mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), ... | 2005 | 16108550 |
| changes in landscape composition influence the decline of a threatened woodland caribou population. | 1. large-scale habitat loss is frequently identified with loss of biodiversity, but examples of the direct effect of habitat alterations on changes in vital rates remain rare. quantifying and understanding the relationship between habitat composition and changes in vital rates, however, is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. 2. it has been suggested that the decline of woodland caribou rangifer tarandus caribou populations in north america is precipitated by timbe ... | 2007 | 17439473 |
| serum biochemistry, serology, and parasitology of boreal caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in the northwest territories, canada. | boreal caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) are an ecologically and culturally important wildlife species and now range almost exclusively in the boreal forests of canada, including the northwest territories, northern alberta, and british columbia. boreal caribou are threatened throughout their canadian range because of direct and indirect natural and anthropogenic factors. in the northwest territories, however, they have a continuous range that overall has not yet been subjected to the same degr ... | 2010 | 20966261 |
| implications of body condition on the unsustainable predation rates of endangered mountain caribou. | both top-down and bottom-up processes influence herbivore populations, and identifying dominant limiting factors is essential for applying effective conservation actions. mountain caribou are an endangered ecotype of woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) that have been declining, and unsustainable predation has been identified as the proximate cause. to investigate the role of poor nutrition, we examined the influence of sex, season, age class, and available suitable habitat (i.e., old-gr ... | 2011 | 22183706 |
| conservation strategies for species affected by apparent competition. | apparent competition is an indirect interaction between 2 or more prey species through a shared predator, and it is increasingly recognized as a mechanism of the decline and extinction of many species. through case studies, we evaluated the effectiveness of 4 management strategies for species affected by apparent competition: predator control, reduction in the abundances of alternate prey, simultaneous control of predators and alternate prey, and no active management of predators or alternate pr ... | 2013 | 23282104 |