| ddt resistance in anopheles gambiae declines with mosquito age. | adult anopheles gambiae giles mosquitoes from zanzibar were tested on a standard discriminating dose of ddt which reliably kills susceptible mosquitoes. adults from wild-caught larvae reared in the laboratory, and from the f1 progeny of wild-caught adults, showed less than 5% test mortality when newly-emerged, but mortality rose with age to over 90% when they were 12-14 days old. wild-caught mixed-age adults showed an intermediate mortality rate of 25%, close to the rate predicted from laborator ... | 1991 | 1768918 |
| observations on the distribution of the anopheles gambiae complex in tanzania. | adult male and female mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae group of species from fourteen localities in tanzania were studied using either chromosomal inversions, enzyme electrophoresis or both techniques. the 6481 specimens analyzed consisted of 64.4% an. gambiae, 33.6% an. arabiensis, and 2.0% an. merus, but no an. quadriannulatus. an. gambiae and an. merus are reported from zanzibar for the first time. an. merus was recorded at buiko, 167 km inland. an. arabiensis is the predominant or exclusi ... | 1986 | 2877554 |
| bancroftian filariasis on pemba island, zanzibar, tanzania: an update on the status in urban and semi-urban communities. | cross-sectional clinical, parasitological and entomological surveys for bancroftian filariasis were conducted in konde, chake chake and kengeja, three urban and semiurban communities on pemba island, and the results were compared with similar surveys done 15 years earlier. the overall prevalences of clinical manifestations among males aged 15 years or more (n = 614) was remarkably similar to those recorded 15 years earlier: elephantiasis 1.4% in 1975 and 1.1% in 1990; hydrocele, 22.4% and 21.8%, ... | 1999 | 10320655 |
| an estimation of the entomological inoculation rate for ifakara: a semi-urban area in a region of intense malaria transmission in tanzania. | an entomological study on vectors of malaria and their relative contribution to plasmodium falciparum transmission in the semi-urban area of ifakara, south-eastern tanzania, was conducted. a total of 32 houses were randomly sampled from the area and light trap catches (ltc) performed in one room in each house every 2 weeks for 1 year. a total of 147 448 mosquitoes were caught from 789 ltc; 26 134 anopheles gambiae s.l., 615 a. funestus, 718 other anophelines and 119 981 culicines. more than 60% ... | 2003 | 12950662 |
| habitat characterization and spatial distribution of anopheles sp. mosquito larvae in dar es salaam (tanzania) during an extended dry period. | by 2030, more than 50% of the african population will live in urban areas. controlling malaria reduces the disease burden and further improves economic development. as a complement to treated nets and prompt access to treatment, measures targeted against the larval stage of anopheles sp. mosquitoes are a promising strategy for urban areas. however, a precise knowledge of the geographic location and potentially of ecological characteristics of breeding sites is of major importance for such interv ... | 2005 | 15649333 |
| interdependence of domestic malaria prevention measures and mosquito-human interactions in urban dar es salaam, tanzania. | successful malaria vector control depends on understanding behavioural interactions between mosquitoes and humans, which are highly setting-specific and may have characteristic features in urban environments. here mosquito biting patterns in dar es salaam, tanzania are examined and the protection against exposure to malaria transmission that is afforded to residents by using an insecticide-treated net (itn) is estimated. | 2007 | 17880679 |
| a tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the urban malaria control programme in dar es salaam, tanzania. | as the population of africa rapidly urbanizes, large populations could be protected from malaria by controlling aquatic stages of mosquitoes if cost-effective and scalable implementation systems can be designed. | 2008 | 18218148 |
| a new tent trap for sampling exophagic and endophagic members of the anopheles gambiae complex. | mosquito sampling methods are essential for monitoring and evaluating malaria vector control interventions. in urban dar es salaam, human landing catch (hlc) is the only method sufficiently sensitive for monitoring malaria-transmitting anopheles. hlc is labour intensive, cumbersome, hazardous, and requires such intense supervision that is difficulty to sustain on large scales. | 2009 | 19602253 |
| comparative evaluation of the ifakara tent trap-b, the standardized resting boxes and the human landing catch for sampling malaria vectors and other mosquitoes in urban dar es salaam, tanzania. | frequent, sensitive and accurate sampling of anopheles mosquitoes is a prerequisite for effective management of malaria vector control programmes. the most reliable existing means to measure mosquito density is the human landing catch (hlc). however, the hlc technique raises major ethical concerns because of the necessity to expose humans to vectors of malaria and a variety of other pathogens. furthermore, it is a very arduous undertaking that requires intense supervision, which is severely limi ... | 2009 | 19674477 |
| monitoring mosquitoes in urban dar es salaam: evaluation of resting boxes, window exit traps, cdc light traps, ifakara tent traps and human landing catches. | ifakara tent traps (itt) are currently the only sufficiently sensitive, safe, affordable and practical method for routine monitoring host-seeking mosquito densities in dar es salaam. however, it is not clear whether itt catches represent indoors or outdoors biting densities. itt do not yield samples of resting, fed mosquitoes for blood meal analysis. | 2011 | 21418622 |