| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in rodents in the eastern and southern united states. | serologic studies were conducted to determine whether white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and cotton mice (peromyscus gossypinus) contained serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays detected antibodies to this spirochete in 35.7 and 27.3% of 56 p. leucopus and 535 p. gossypinus serum samples, respectively, collected in connecticut, north carolina, south carolina, georgia, florida, alabama, and mississippi. antibody t ... | 1992 | 1624561 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from coastal virginia. | ixodid ticks removed from hosts and from vegetation during march-november 1987 at sites in coastal virginia and north carolina were examined for borrelia burgdorferi. b. burgdorferi was evident in nine (22%) ixodes cookei packard removed from rice rats (oryzomys palustris), a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (procyon lotor); four (6%) amblyomma americanum (l.) removed from raccoons; and two (3%) dermacentor variabilis (say) removed from a raccoon and a rice rat. b. burgdorf ... | 1991 | 1941936 |
| immunoblot analysis of immunoglobulin g response to the lyme disease agent (borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. | immunoblots were used to study the immunoglobulin g response to borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. adsorption studies confirmed that the antibodies were specific for b. burgdorferi. experimentally exposed dogs were asymptomatic. naturally exposed dogs included both asymptomatic animals and animals showing signs compatible with lyme disease. naturally exposed dogs were from four geographic regions of the country. no differences were detected between immunoblot patt ... | 1988 | 3366860 |
| spirochetes in ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer from connecticut, new york state, and north carolina. | ticks were screened for spirochetes and serum samples from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were assayed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi during 1983-1984. using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit antibodies produced to b. burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, spirochetes were detected in ixodes dammini (10.5% of 1,193) and dermacentor albipictus (0.6% of 157) adults from connecticut, i. dammini nymphs (49.1% of 108) and adults (64.7% of 99) from armonk, new yo ... | 1986 | 3520030 |
| relative utilization of reptiles and rodents as hosts by immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in the coastal plain of north carolina, usa. | the interaction of immature black-legged ticks, ixodes scapularis, with reptiles and rodents was investigated in various woodland habitats in the coastal plain of north carolina. reptiles were sampled from april 1 to september 30, 1991. no ticks were found on 95 specimens representing 16 species of snakes. ticks were found on 54 (36.7%) of 147 lizards. i. scapularis was the only tick recovered from lizards. some lizards were collected in drift fence traps each month of the study except august. c ... | 1993 | 7628223 |
| multivariate morphometric discrimination of nymphal and adult forms of the blacklegged tick (acari: ixodidae), a principal vector of the agent of lyme disease in eastern north america. | a morphological study of postlarval stages of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, was conducted to examine congruence between northern (formerly i. dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) and southern morphotypes. the character set totaled 17 for females, 25 for males, and 28 for nymphs. populations from 6 geographic areas, f1 progeny from reciprocal crosses between i. scapularis from massachusetts and georgia, and i. pacificus cooley & kohls from california were measured. charact ... | 1995 | 8551506 |
| tick-raccoon associations and the potential for lyme disease spirochete transmission in the coastal plain of north carolina. | raccoons (procyon lotor) were live-trapped and examined for ticks from july 1990 to july 1993 in the coastal plain of north carolina on marine corps base, camp lejeune, north carolina (usa). five species of ixodid ticks were found on 351 (78%) of 449 raccoons. amblyomma americanum was the most abundant tick found on raccoons. dermacentor variabilis, ixodes texanus, and ixodes scapularis were frequently collected, while ixodes cookei were rarely collected from raccoons. tick burdens were not affe ... | 1997 | 9027688 |
| ability of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi to infect rodents and three species of human-biting ticks (blacklegged tick, american dog tick, lone star tick) (acari:ixodidae). | the infectivity of a diverse collection of borrelia burgdorferi strains from north america for mice was determined as a prelude to vector competence experiments with the 3 primary human-biting tick species in the eastern united states (ixodes scapularis say, dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.)]. of the 34 b. burgdorferi strains inoculated into mice, 29 were infectious; the exceptions were 5 isolates from texas. vector competence experiments were conducted with 2 strains from ... | 1997 | 9220680 |
| erythema migrans-like rash illness at a camp in north carolina: a new tick-borne disease? | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, has never been isolated from a patient thought to have acquired lyme disease in any southeastern state. | 1997 | 9531233 |
| reported distribution of ixodes scapularis and ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) in the united states. | lyme disease, caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi, is the most frequently reported arthropod-borne disease in the united states. to develop a national map of the distribution of the vectors of b. burgdorferi to humans (ixodes scapularis say and ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls ticks), we sent questionnaires to acarologists, health officials, and lyme disease researchers; surveyed the 1966-1996 medline data base; and reviewed 1907-1995 national tick collection data. tick collection metho ... | 1998 | 9775584 |
| ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi from mammals at cape hatteras, nc and assateague island, md and va. | results of a survey for ixodid ticks and/or serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi from 14 species of small to large mammals from eastern coastal areas of the united states are presented. most samples were obtained from july 1987 through june 1989 (excluding december-march) at 3 locales: assateague is. national seashore, worcester co., md., and accomack co., va. (approximately 38 degrees 05' n 75 degrees 10' w), and cape hatteras national seashore, dare co., nc (approximately 35 degrees 30' n ... | 1999 | 10534951 |
| lyme disease. pitfalls in diagnosis. | | 2000 | 11103605 |
| bartonella henselae igg antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern usa. | in contrast to the large body of literature regarding bartonella henselae in humans and cats, there is little information about b. henselae as an infectious agent in dogs. due to the paucity of information regarding the b. henselae serology in dogs, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey using b. henselae antigen in order to compare the seroprevalence between sick and healthy dogs from the south-eastern usa. ninety-nine sera were collected from clinically healthy dogs. three hundred and one s ... | 2004 | 15369661 |
| the dog as a sentinel for human infection: prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi c6 antibodies in dogs from southeastern and mid-atlantic states. | lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the united states. infection occurs after the bite of an ixodid tick that is infected with borrelia burgdorferi. dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human b. burgdorferi infection. based on published data of human lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to b. burgdorferi would be lower in north carolina when co ... | 2004 | 15631067 |
| the dog as a sentinel for human infection: prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi c6 antibodies in dogs from southeastern and mid-atlantic states. | lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the united states. infection occurs after the bite of an ixodid tick that is infected with borrelia burgdorferi. dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human b. burgdorferi infection. based on published data of human lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to b. burgdorferi would be lower in north carolina when co ... | 2005 | 16011425 |
| serologic evaluation of patients from missouri with erythema migrans-like skin lesions with the c6 lyme test. | southern tick-associated rash illness (stari), also known as masters disease, affects people predominantly in the southeast and south central united states. these patients exhibit skin lesions that resemble erythema migrans (em), the characteristic skin lesion in early lyme disease. the etiology of stari remains unknown, and no serologic test is available to aid in its diagnosis. the c6 lyme enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate coded serum specimens from patients with stari at ... | 2006 | 17028220 |
| bacterial pathogens in ixodid ticks from a piedmont county in north carolina: prevalence of rickettsial organisms. | in north carolina, reported human cases of tick-borne illness, specifically rocky mountain spotted fever, have escalated over the past decade. to determine the relative abundance of vectors and to estimate the risk of acquiring a tick-borne illness in peri-residential landscapes, ticks were collected in chatham county, a typical piedmont county and, samples of the ticks were tested for infection with selected bacterial pathogens using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. tick ... | 2010 | 20455778 |
| borrelia species in ixodes affinis and ixodes scapularis ticks collected from the coastal plain of north carolina. | ixodes affinis and i. scapularis are tick species that are widely distributed in the coastal plain region of north carolina. both tick species are considered enzootic vectors for spirochetal bacteria of the genus borrelia and specifically for b. burgdorferi s.s., the pathogen most often attributed as the cause of lyme disease in the usa. laboratory testing of individual i. affinis and i. scapularis ticks for the presence of borrelia dna was accomplished by pcr, targeting 2 regions of the 16s-23s ... | 2010 | 21771524 |
| nuclear markers reveal predominantly north to south gene flow in ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochete. | ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochete, is distributed over most of the eastern united states, but >80% of all lyme disease cases occur in the northeast. the role that genetic differences between northern and southern tick populations play in explaining this disparate distribution of lyme disease cases is unclear. the present study was conducted with 1,155 snp markers in eight nuclear genes; the 16s mitochondrial gene was examined for comparison with earlier studies. w ... | 2015 | 26536360 |
| variation in the microbiota of ixodes ticks with regard to geography, species, and sex. | ixodes scapularis is the principal vector of lyme disease on the east coast and in the upper midwest regions of the united states, yet the tick is also present in the southeast, where lyme disease is absent or rare. a closely related species, i. affinis, also carries the pathogen in the south but does not seem to transmit it to humans. in order to better understand the geographic diversity of the tick, we analyzed the microbiota of 104 adult i. scapularis and 13 adult i. affinis ticks captured i ... | 2015 | 26150449 |
| regional seroreactivity and vector-borne disease co-exposures in dogs in the united states from 2004-2010: utility of canine surveillance. | vector-borne disease (vbd) pathogens remain an emerging health concern for animals and humans throughout the world. surveillance studies of ticks and humans have made substantial contributions to our knowledge of vbd epidemiology trends, but long-term vbd surveillance data of dogs in the united states is limited. this seroreactivity study assessed us temporal and regional trends and co-exposures to anaplasma, babesia, bartonella, borrelia burgdorferi, dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia spp., and spo ... | 2014 | 25325316 |
| stable transmission of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto on the outer banks of north carolina. | the spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi) associated with lyme disease was detected in questing ticks and rodents during a period of 18 years, 1991-2009, at five locations on the outer banks of north carolina. the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis) was collected at varied intervals between 1991 and 2009 and examined for b. burgdorferi. the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), house mouse (mus musculus) marsh rice rat (oryzomys palustris), marsh rabbit (sylvilagus palustris), eastern cottont ... | 2016 | 27966833 |
| incident tick-borne infections in a cohort of north carolina outdoor workers. | tick-borne diseases cause substantial morbidity throughout the united states, and north carolina has a high incidence of spotted fever rickettsioses and ehrlichiosis, with sporadic cases of lyme disease. the occupational risk of tick-borne infections among outdoor workers is high, particularly those working on publicly managed lands. this study identified incident tick-borne infections and examined seroconversion risk factors among a cohort of north carolina outdoor workers. workers from the nor ... | 2016 | 27008102 |
| pilot study assessing the effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing for the prevention of tick bites. | tick-borne diseases such as lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, and ehrlichiosis are a significant concern for many thousands of workers who have frequent and unavoidable exposure to tick-infested habitats. many north carolina state employees with outdoor occupations report multiple tick bites each year, indicating that existing tick preventive strategies may be underutilized or ineffective. treatment of clothing with permethrin, a nontoxic chemical with insecticidal, knockdown, and repe ... | 2011 | 21395420 |
| lyme disease reporting for navy and marine corps (1997-2000). | reported cases of lyme disease for navy and marine corps personnel during 1997-2000 are presented from data collected in the naval disease reporting system and the defense medical epidemiological database. naval disease reporting system identified 210 case subjects; 60% were men, 49% were family members, and 37% were active duty, and most originated in the second quarter of the calendar year. states reporting the greatest number of reports were connecticut (44%), north carolina (16%), rhode isla ... | 2003 | 14719627 |
| indigenous cases of lyme disease diagnosed in north carolina. | between january 1984 and december 1989, 102 indigenous cases of lyme disease were reported in north carolina. lyme disease was reported in each of the three major geographic regions of the state: mountain, piedmont, and coastal plain. one or more diagnoses were made in 42 of 100 counties. patients ranged in age from 5 months to 78 years (median, 27 years); 58 patients (57%) reported a history of tick exposure within 1 month of the onset of symptoms. erythema migrans was reported by 93 patients ( ... | 1991 | 1986423 |
| lyme disease in north carolina. | we report two cases of lyme disease in north carolina, further expanding the distribution of known sporadic cases of this predominantly northeastern problem in southern states. physicians in areas where lyme disease has traditionally not been recognized should be alerted to its characteristic rash (erythema chronicum migrans), tick vector (ixodes species), possible severe manifestations (neurologic, arthritic, and cardiac), and response to appropriate antibiotic therapy (penicillin or tetracycli ... | 1983 | 6857306 |
| survey of veterinarians' perceptions of borreliosis in north carolina. | objective--to evaluate the practices and perceptions of veterinarians in north carolina regarding borreliosis in dogs in various geographic regions of the state. design--cross-sectional survey. sample--data from 208 completed surveys. procedures--surveys were distributed to veterinary clinics throughout north carolina. descriptive statistics were used to summarize perceptions pertaining to borreliosis among dogs in north carolina. results--a significantly higher proportion of responding veterina ... | 2014 | 24548235 |
| serological and molecular prevalence of selected canine vector borne pathogens in blood donor candidates, clinically healthy volunteers, and stray dogs in north carolina. | canine vector borne diseases (cvbds) comprise illnesses caused by a spectrum of pathogens that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. some dogs have persistent infections without apparent clinical, hematological or biochemical abnormalities, whereas other dogs develop acute illnesses, persistent subclinical infections, or chronic debilitating diseases. the primary objective of this study was to screen healthy dogs for serological and molecular evidence of regionally important cvbds. | 2014 | 24655461 |
| recent discovery of widespread ixodes affinis (acari: ixodidae) distribution in north carolina with implications for lyme disease studies. | ixodes affinis, which is similar morphologically to ixodes scapularis, is widely distributed in north carolina. collections have documented this species in 32 of 41 coastal plain counties, but no piedmont or mountain counties. this coastal plain distribution is similar to its distribution in georgia and south carolina, where it is considered an enzootic vector of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. an updated list of hosts for i. affinis in the u.s.a. is included, increasing the number to 15 mam ... | 2010 | 20618664 |
| characterization of lyme disease spirochetes isolated from ticks and vertebrates in north carolina. | borrelia burgdorferi isolates obtained from numerous locations and from different hosts in north carolina, were compared to previously characterized strains of the lyme disease spirochete and other borrelia spp. the spirochete isolates were confirmed to be b. burgdorferi sensu stricto based on immunofluorescence (ifa) using a monoclonal antibody to outer surface protein a (osp a [h5332]) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using a species-specific nested primer for a conserved region of the gene ... | 2000 | 10682743 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in north carolina. | an indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 600 dogs in 1983 and 402 dogs in 1985. in 1983, the overall prevalence rate of dogs with b burgdorferi titers greater than or equal to 1:64 was 3.6%, whereas in 1985, the prevalence rate was 2.7%. an unexplainable higher seroprevalence was detected in 1 group of dogs tested in 1983. these dogs were from the southern coastal plains of north carolina. in the dogs tested in 1985, this region ... | 1988 | 3288020 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in deer and raccoons. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis, in deer (odocoileus virginianus) and raccoons (procyon lotor). blood samples were collected from these mammals in connecticut, maryland, north carolina, georgia and florida. seropositivity for deer was highest in connecticut (56% of 353 sera) and maryland (51% of 35 sera). raccoons in connecticut, maryland, north carolina, and florida also had an ... | 1991 | 1758022 |
| lyme disease in north carolina. | | 1984 | 6377093 |