| bovine spongiform encephalopathy in northern ireland: epidemiological observations 1988-1990. | this study describes the epidemiological features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in northern ireland where the first case occurred in november 1988. they were very similar to those observed in great britain except that the annual incidence of bse in 1990 in northern ireland, 2.3 confirmed cases per 10,000 adult cows, was approximately one 10th of that in great britain. the findings were also consistent with the current hypothesis that affected cattle had been exposed to a scrapie-like ... | 1992 | 1561742 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy. epidemiology, low dose exposure and risks. | bse has occurred in the u.k. as an extended common source epidemic since 1985/86. the vehicle of infection was concentrated feeds containing meat and bone meal produced by the rendering of ovine, bovine and other animal wastes. the epidemic was probably initiated in 1981/82 when a sudden decline in the use of solvents in rendering allowed a low incidence of scrapie-like infection to occur in cattle. however, the presence in feed of bovine material that, from 1984/85 (or earlier), was increasingl ... | 1994 | 8030941 |
| social and behavioural predictors of women's cancer screening practices in northern ireland. | the aim of this study was to describe the extent of cancer screening practices among women resident in northern ireland and to identify the social and behavioural characteristics associated with these practices. the study involved a survey of adults resident in the community in northern ireland. contact was made with a sample of 1162 residents who were asked to complete a questionnaire about preventive health practices and attitudes. this produced a response rate of 65.1 per cent. of these, 391 ... | 1993 | 8353004 |
| mad cows and englishmen: the aftermath of a bse scare. | the consumption of prime beef cuts is down, animals have been slaughtered by the thousand and 3 farmers have committed suicide as the mad-cow issue continues to cause concern in the united kingdom. in this report from london, caroline richmond also notes that the royal colleges have published a report stating that chronic fatigue syndrome is a real illness and patients need help. | 1997 | 9099178 |
| epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in northern ireland 1988 to 1995. | the epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in northern ireland from 1988, when it was first confirmed, to the end of 1995 is described. all cases of bse were subjected to a detailed epidemiological investigation, complemented by data from the national animal health records on every bovine animal. data are presented on 1680 cases. many of the epidemiological features of the disease were similar to those reported in great britain, but the incidence in northern ireland was approxima ... | 1997 | 9106962 |
| the epidemiology of bse in cattle herds in great britain. ii. model construction and analysis of transmission dynamics. | mathematical model that describe the key processes determining the pattern of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic in british cattle are derived that allow for infection from feed as well as maternal and direct horizontal transmission. heterogeneous susceptibility classes are also incorporated into the analysis. maximum likelihood methods are used to estimate parameters and to obtain confidence intervals from available experimental and epidemiological data. a comprehensive sensiti ... | 1997 | 9279898 |
| beef exports: looking for an opening. | bse, food safety and the veterinarian's role in certification were among matters discussed by the bva's president, mr ted chandler, at a speech in ballymena on october 29. speaking at the bva's northern ireland dinner, at which representatives of government, local veterinary associations, the farming community and other organisations were present, mr chandler emphasised the need for the government to recognise the veterinary profession's vital contribution to food hygiene and its pivotal role in ... | 1997 | 9402724 |
| bse in northern ireland: epidemiological patterns past, present and future. | by 30 january 1998, there had been 170,259 confirmed cases of bse in great britain (gb), 1766 confirmed cases in northern ireland (ni) (2 january 1998), and 276 confirmed cases in the republic of ireland (31 january 1998). analysis of the epidemiological patterns in the ni epidemic reveals significant clustering of cases in herds and counties. the observed clustering of cases within herds results in lower per capita incidence of bse in previously unaffected herds, providing support for the intro ... | 1998 | 9881465 |
| geographical distribution of variant cjd in the uk (excluding northern ireland). | the agent that causes variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (variant cjd) is indistinguishable from the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). the transmission route by which human beings are infected has not been established. one hypothesis is that cases of variant cjd have resulted from exposure to the bse agent via rendering plants involved in the production of meat and bone meal, the main vehicle of the bse epidemic. | 1999 | 10023945 |
| top bse official forced to step down in uk. | | 1999 | 10622246 |
| emerging diseases. hunt for mad cow in sheep reassuring. | experts on brain-riddling spongiform diseases have grown steadily more uneasy over signs that so-called mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse), which is linked to a lethal human illness, may be lurking in sheep. a study in the 10 august issue of nature now offers evidence that bse is not rampant in sheep after all, although scientists are far from ready to let their guard down. | 2000 | 10960311 |
| bse inquiry plays down errors. | | 2000 | 11061721 |
| the transmission dynamics of bse and vcjd. | the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic in cattle has had a huge economic impact on the agricultural industries across europe. furthermore, scientific evidence now strongly supporting a link between a new variant of creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) and consumption of bse-infected animals has further heightened the need both to understand the transmission of these new diseases and to improve control measures to protect public health. in this paper we review work undertaken by our grou ... | 2002 | 11862621 |
| uk bovine carcass meat consumed as burgers, sausages and other meat products: by birth cohort and gender. | the most likely human exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) is dietary, through beef mechanically recovered meat (mrm) and head meat used in burgers, sausages and other meat products. the majority, reportedly 90% of beef mrm and 80% of head meat, was used in burgers. to enable quantification of uk dietary exposure to bse, we quantified bovine carcass meat consumed as burgers, sausages and other meat products by birth cohort, gender and calendar period (1980-1989, 1990-1996). | 2002 | 12501955 |
| [epidemiological model development using bse as an example--observations from a statistical viewpoint]. | since first bse cases in cattle born in germany were recognized, questions have been raised concerning the future development of the disease and the epidemiological dynamics of bse, and, consequently, modelling approaches that might answer these questions. the database for such modelling efforts is formed by bse incidence numbers or incidence rates, broken down by age at onset of clinical disease, and by time of onset or time of birth, respectively, from available information gathered for suspec ... | 2003 | 12592925 |
| impact of bse on livestock production system. | the small number of bse cases diagnosed in italy from january 2001 to 12 september 2001 (a total of 28, one every 9000 head) does not allow for a statistical analysis of the relationship between this disease and the livestock systems. however, some indications can be noted: (a) only dairy cattle, which represent three-quarters of the cattle raised in italy, are involved; (b) 58% of the cases belong to medium-large farms that breed 27% of all head; (c) 13 out of 28 cases are 5-year-old animals an ... | 2003 | 14535367 |
| is mad cow disease caused by a bacteria? | transmissible spongioform enchephalopathies (tse's), include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also called bse or "mad cow disease"), creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. they remain a mystery, their cause hotly debated. but between 1994 and 1996, 12 people in england came down with cjd, the human form of mad cow, and all had eaten beef from suspect cows. current mad cow diagnosis lies solely in the detection of late appearing "prions", an acronym for hypothesized, ge ... | 2004 | 15325025 |
| breeding programmes for tse resistance in british sheep. i. assessing the impact on prion protein (prp) genotype frequencies. | from april 2005, member states of the european union were required to implement a compulsory breeding programme for resistance to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) in sheep as part of measures to eradicate tses from national flocks. in this paper, we assessed the impact of four different breeding strategies on prion protein (prp) genotype frequencies using a mathematical model which describes in detail gene flow in the british sheep flock. these strategies ranged from the minimum ... | 2006 | 16169614 |