| outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among children associated with farm visits--pennsylvania and washington, 2000. | during the spring and fall of 2000, outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among school children in pennsylvania and washington resulted in 56 illnesses and 19 hospitalizations. illness was associated with school and family visits to farms where children came into direct contact with farm animals. this report summarizes the findings of investigations of these outbreaks (figure 1) and includes strategies to reduce the transmission of enteric pathogens from farm animals to children. | 2001 | 11330497 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among children associated with farm visits--pennsylvania and washington, 2000. | | 2001 | 11368068 |
| outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among children associated with farm visits--pennsylvania and washington, 2000. | | 2001 | 11467176 |
| an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm. | outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. we describe an outbreak among visitors to a pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals. | 2002 | 12192014 |
| multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis distinguishes outbreak and sporadic escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is a major cause of food-borne illness in the united states. outbreak detection involves traditional epidemiological methods and routine molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). pfge is labor-intensive, and the results are difficult to analyze and not easily transferable between laboratories. multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) is a fast, portable method that analyzes multiple vntr loci, which are areas of the bacterial ... | 2003 | 14662916 |
| multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with a national fast-food chain, 2006: a study incorporating epidemiological and food source traceback results. | a multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections occurred in the usa in november-december 2006 in patrons of restaurant chain a. we identified 77 cases with chain a exposure in four states - delaware, new jersey, new york, and pennsylvania. fifty-one (66%) patients were hospitalized, and seven (9%) developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. in a matched analysis controlling for age in 31 cases and 55 controls, illness was associated with consumption of shredded iceberg lettuce ... | 2011 | 20429971 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 of genotype lineage-specific polymorphism assay 211111 and clade 8 are common clinical isolates within pennsylvania. | molecular subtyping methods have previously shown that there is a nonrandom distribution of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains among clinical and nonclinical isolates. two examples include the lineage-specific polymorphism assay (lspa) and clade typing assay. the clade typing method was previously used to identify a phylogenetic group of e. coli o157:h7 designated clade 8, which is believed to be more virulent than non-clade 8 isolates, and the lspa previously indicated that clade 8 isolates are l ... | 2011 | 21438760 |