| surveillance of escherichia coli o157 isolation and confirmation, united states, 1988. | in 1989, to examine patterns of testing for escherichia coli o157:h7 in state public health laboratories (sphls), cdc conducted a survey to determine the availability and type of escherichia coli o157:h7 testing in sphls during 1988 and the number of isolates confirmed at sphls if such testing was available. the results were compared with information on isolates submitted for confirmatory testing at cdc in 1988. thirty-nine (78%) of the 51 sphls were testing for e. coli o157:h7 in 1988; 26 confi ... | 1991 | 2023580 |
| a statewide outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in washington state. | in november 1986, a statewide outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in washington state was identified after a physician in an eastern washington community hospitalized three patients with hemorrhagic colitis which progressed to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. epidemiologic investigation identified 37 cases in this community and linked the illnesses to a local restaurant which had served ground beef that was the suspected initial vehicle of transmission. the plasmid profile and to ... | 1990 | 2196790 |
| genotypic variation in pathogenic escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from patients in washington, 1984-1987. | | 1989 | 2644374 |
| infections with escherichia coli o157:h7 in washington state. the first year of statewide disease surveillance. | in 1987, washington became the first state to require that infection with escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 be reported. in the first year of surveillance, 93 cases were reported, yielding an annual incidence of 2.1 cases per 100,000 population. the median age of case patients was 14 years (range, 11 months to 78 years), with the highest attack rate among children younger than 5 years (6.1 cases per 100,000 population per year). bloody diarrhea was present in 95% of reported cases, 12% of patien ... | 1989 | 2661870 |
| thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with escherichia coli o157:h7--washington. | | 1986 | 3092008 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging gastrointestinal pathogen. results of a one-year, prospective, population-based study. | to examine the incidence of escherichia coli o157:h7 enteric infections in the united states and to evaluate the vehicles of transmission for sporadic cases, we conducted a one-year, population-based study at a large health maintenance organization (hmo) in the puget sound area of washington state. all stool specimens submitted for culture to the hmo laboratory were screened for e coli o157:h7; the organism was identified in 25 (0.4%) of 6485 stool specimens. all patients with e coli o157:h7 ide ... | 1988 | 3286919 |
| molecular epidemiology of escherichia coli o157:h7 by restriction fragment length polymorphism using shiga-like toxin genes. | the purpose of this study was to assess a simplified method for interstrain differentiation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga-like toxin-producing e. coli (sltec) strains. a method based on the use of nucleic acid probes from shiga-like toxin (slt) i and ii structural genes was used to generate restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns of sltec strains, (slt-rflp patterns) resulting from digestion of isolated genomic dna with four different restriction enzymes (bamhi, ec ... | 1995 | 7559966 |
| molecular epidemiology of a fast-food restaurant-associated outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 in washington state. | we studied the molecular epidemiology of the recent fast-food restaurant chain-associated escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak in washington state. genomic dnas prepared from strains isolated from 433 patients were probed with radiolabelled shiga-like toxin (slt) i and slt ii genes and bacteriophage lambda dna and were subsequently analyzed for their restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns. the slt rflp and lambda rflp profiles of an e. coli o157:h7 strain isolated from the incrimi ... | 1995 | 7559967 |
| molecular characterisation of escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid dna analysis. | foods of bovine origin have been identified as sources of escherichia coli o157:h7. genomic dna of e. coli o157:h7 isolates from patients (six isolates), food samples (18 isolates from ground beef and six isolates from raw milk) and calf faecal samples (31 isolates) were characterised by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid dna analysis. these isolates originated from different locations in the usa during 1992 and 1993. twenty-one distinct genomic profiles were generated from the ... | 1995 | 7707333 |
| lessons learned in the management of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. | escherichia coli o.157:h7 is a serious and common human pathogen that can cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). during a massive outbreak of infection with e coli o157:h7 in january 1993 in washington state, more than 600 people, mostly children, acquired symptomatic infection, and 37 were hospitalized with hus at children's hospital and medical center in seattle, and six at other hospitals in washington. twenty-one (57%) required dialysis. nineteen (51%) ... | 1995 | 7738732 |
| e. coli o157:h7 is an emerging pathogen in missouri. | dramatic media reports of recent outbreaks of illness caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 have drawn national attention to this emerging pathogen. in 1993, a widely publicized outbreak of over 500 culture-confirmed cases was traced to fast-food hamburgers in washington, idaho, nevada and california. closer to home, the first (and still the largest) reported waterborne outbreak of this disease occurred in cabool, missouri in 1989. that outbreak affected 243 people, of whom 32 were hospitalized, 2 ... | 1994 | 7854310 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak linked to commercially distributed dry-cured salami--washington and california, 1994. | from november 16 through december 21, 1994, a total of 20 laboratory-confirmed cases of diarrhea caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 were reported to the seattle-king county department of public health (skcdph). in comparison, three cases were reported during october 1994. epidemiologic investigation linked e. coli o157:h7 infection with consumption of a commercial dry-cured salami product distributed in several western states. three additional cases subsequently were identified in northern calif ... | 1995 | 7870024 |
| laboratory investigation of a multistate food-borne outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. | two hundred thirty-three isolates of escherichia coli o157:h7 were analyzed by both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and bacteriophage typing. all 26 isolates from persons whose illness was associated with a recent multistate outbreak of e. coli o157:h7 infections linked to the consumption of undercooked hamburgers and all 27 isolates from incriminated lots of hamburger meat had the same phage type and the same pfge pattern. twenty-five of 74 e. coli o157:h7 isolates from washington state ... | 1994 | 7883892 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak linked to commercially distributed dry-cured salami--washington and california, 1994. | | 1995 | 7897806 |
| molecular epidemiology of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains by bacteriophage lambda restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: application to a multistate foodborne outbreak and a day-care center cluster. | genomic dnas prepared from 168 isolates of escherichia coli o157:h7 were analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms on southern blots probed with bacteriophage lambda dna. the isolates analyzed included strains from a recent large multistate outbreak of e. coli o157:h7 infection associated with consumption of poorly cooked beef in restaurants, a day-care center cluster, and temporally and geographically unrelated isolates. e. coli o157:h7 isolates recovered from the incriminated meat ... | 1993 | 7905882 |
| the prevalence of escherichia coli o157.h7 in dairy and beef cattle in washington state. | escherichia coli o157.h7 was found in 10 of 3570 (0.28%) faecal samples from dairy cattle in 5 of 60 herds (8.3%). several tentative associations with manure handling and feeding management practices on dairy farms were identified. faecal/urine slurry samples, bulk milk samples, and milk filters from dairy herds were negative for e. coli o157.h7. e. coli o157.h7 was also isolated from 10 of 1412 (0.71%) faecal samples from pastured beef cattle in 4 of 25 (16%) herds. the prevalence of e. coli o1 ... | 1994 | 7925659 |
| escherichia coli o 157:h7-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome after ingestion of contaminated hamburgers. | we conducted a retrospective analysis of 37 children with escherichia coli o157:h7-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the infection was traced to contaminated hamburgers at a fast-food restaurant chain. within 5 days of the first confirmed case, the washington state department of health identified the source and interrupted transmission of infection. ninety-five percent of the children initially had severe hemorrhagic colitis. nineteen patients (51%) had significant extrarenal abnormalities, ... | 1994 | 7931869 |
| a multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from hamburgers. the washington experience. | to determine the source of and describe a large outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in washington state. | 1994 | 7933395 |
| characteristics of antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli o157:h7 in washington state, 1984-1991. | the resistance of escherichia coli o157:h7 to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, ticarcillin, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was examined, and resistant strains were characterized. all 56 isolates collected between 1984 and 1987 were susceptible to all antibiotics tested; 13 (7.4%) of 176 strains isolated between 1989 and 1991 were resista ... | 1994 | 7996005 |
| profile of escherichia coli o157:h7 pathogen responsible for hamburger-borne outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in washington. | we analyzed escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates from stool samples of five patients who had bloody diarrhea and were infected during a large food-borne outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis in washington state. the isolates were assessed for shiga-like toxin profile, adherence and plasmid traits, mouse virulence, capsule, and enterohemolysin production. the profiles of the five isolates were indistinguishable from each other and similar to that of e. coli o157:h7 strain edl933, an organism responsible f ... | 1993 | 8253989 |
| update: multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections from hamburgers--western united states, 1992-1993. | from november 15, 1992, through february 28, 1993, more than 500 laboratory-confirmed infections with e. coli o157:h7 and four associated deaths occurred in four states--washington, idaho, california, and nevada. this report summarizes the findings from an ongoing investigation that identified a multistate outbreak resulting from consumption of hamburgers from one restaurant chain. | 1993 | 8459795 |
| a new route of transmission for escherichia coli: infection from dry fermented salami. | this study evaluated the production of dry fermented salami associated with an outbreak of escherichia coli o157.h7 infection in washington state and california. | 1996 | 8712275 |
| a cluster of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome and death in california. a mandate for improved surveillance. | in mid-january 1993, an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with eating hamburger patties at a fast-food restaurant chain (chain a) was reported in washington state. from mid-december to mid-january, 9 cases of e coli o157:h7-associated bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome had been reported in san diego county, california. a total of 34 persons had bloody diarrhea, the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or e coli o157:h7 organisms isolated from stool during the period ... | 1996 | 8855679 |
| outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with drinking unpasteurized commercial apple juice--british columbia, california, colorado, and washington, october 1996. | on october 30, 1996, the seattle-king county department of public health and the washington state department of health reported an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections epidemiologically associated with drinking odwalla brand unpasteurized apple juice or odwalla juice mixtures containing apple juice from a coffee shop chain, grocery stores, or other locations. a case was defined as hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) or a stool culture yielding e. coli o157:h7 in a person who became ill af ... | 1996 | 8965797 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with drinking unpasteurized commercial apple juice--british columbia, california, colorado, and washington, october 1996. | | 1996 | 8967999 |
| genomic analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of escherichia coli o157: h7 isolated from dairy calves during the united state national dairy heifer evaluation project (1992-1992). | the genomic fingerprints of 26 escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates from calves on 20 farms in 16 states were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). digestion of genomic dnas with the restriction enzymes sfii and xbai yielded 14 and 18 restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (redp), respectively. seventeen farms (85%) had e. coli o157:h7 with a unique redp, and when more than one calf tested positive on a farm, the isolates displayed identical redp. isolates from different farms ... | 1996 | 9054119 |
| predictors of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children during a large outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections. | to evaluate risk factors for progression of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection to the hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). | 1997 | 9200386 |
| outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter among attendees of the washington county fair-new york, 1999. | september 3, 1999, the new york state department of health (nysdoh) received reports of at least 10 children hospitalized with bloody diarrhea or escherichia coli o157:h7 infection in counties near albany, new york. all of the children had attended the washington county fair, which was held august 23-29, 1999; approximately 108,000 persons attended the fair during that week. subsequently, fair attendees infected with campylobacter jejuni also were identified. an ongoing investigation includes he ... | 1999 | 10499785 |
| where's the beef? the role of cross-contamination in 4 chain restaurant-associated outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 in the pacific northwest. | from march through august 1993, outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 occurred at 4 separate oregon and washington steak and salad bar restaurants affiliated with a single national chain. | 2000 | 10927738 |
| outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among children associated with farm visits--pennsylvania and washington, 2000. | during the spring and fall of 2000, outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among school children in pennsylvania and washington resulted in 56 illnesses and 19 hospitalizations. illness was associated with school and family visits to farms where children came into direct contact with farm animals. this report summarizes the findings of investigations of these outbreaks (figure 1) and includes strategies to reduce the transmission of enteric pathogens from farm animals to children. | 2001 | 11330497 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among children associated with farm visits--pennsylvania and washington, 2000. | | 2001 | 11368068 |
| outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among children associated with farm visits--pennsylvania and washington, 2000. | | 2001 | 11467176 |
| laboratory investigation of an e. coli o157:h7 outbreak associated with swimming in battle ground lake, vancouver, washington. | escherichia coli o157:h7 has been associated with a number of waterborne outbreaks, but it has never been recovered from an implicated environment. this paper reports on an august 1999 outbreak of e. coli o157:h7 associated with swimming in battle ground lake in clark country, washington. e. coli o157:h7 was isolated from duck feces, as well as from two water samples. the authors used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare these isolates with patient isolates for genetic homology. all the i ... | 2002 | 12049000 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in children with diarrhea: a prospective point-of-care study. | to conduct a prospective cohort study to determine the frequency and characteristics of shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) infections in children with diarrhea attending an emergency department and a private clinic in seattle, washington. | 2002 | 12183710 |
| lake-associated outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 in clark county, washington, august 1999. | escherichia coli o157:h7, one of hundreds of strains of the gram-negative bacterium e coli, has been implicated in numerous lake-borne outbreaks of infection during the past decade. in august 1999, several children who later became ill with e coli o157:h7 infection reported swimming in a lake in clark county, washington. the lake was closed and an investigation begun. | 2003 | 14557164 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 infection associated with drinking raw milk--washington and oregon, november-december 2005. | during the week of december 5, 2005, public health officials in clark county, washington, were notified of four county residents with laboratory-confirmed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. all four residents reported having consumed raw (i.e., unpasteurized) milk obtained from a farm in neighboring cowlitz county, washington. the farm participated in a cow-share program, in which persons purchase interests in, or shares of, dairy cows in return for a portion of the milk produced. the farm had ... | 2007 | 17332727 |
| outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 associated with raw milk consumption in the pacific northwest. | in late 2005, health officials in clark county, washington noted a higher than expected number of escherichia coli cases among residents and sought to identify a possible common source for infection. in order to identify risk factors, health officials conducted a retrospective cohort study and an environmental site investigation using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to identify and prevent future cases from occurring. several lines of evidence supported raw milk as the cause of infection ... | 2008 | 18564912 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7--discerning facts from fiction: an integrated research and extension project for multiple audiences. | the o157:h7 (eco157) epidemiology of shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in cattle is complex, and myths about pre-harvest control are perpetuated. the objectives of this project were to identify perpetuated misinformation and inform four audiences about evidence-based risks and pre-harvest control of eco157 by addressing: (i) eco157 epidemiology and pre-harvest control; (ii) how food safety policy is created; and (iii) how to present accurate information about eco157. an environmental ... | 2016 | 26032584 |
| outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with dairy education event attendance - whatcom county, washington, 2015. | on april 27, 2015, the whatcom county health department (wchd) in bellingham, washington, was notified by a local laboratory regarding three children with presumptive escherichia coli o157 infection. wchd interviewed the parents, who indicated that all three children had attended a dairy education event held in a barn april 20–24, 2015, during a school field trip. wchd, the washington state department of health, and cdc investigated to determine the magnitude of the outbreak, identify risk facto ... | 2015 | 26513638 |