| e. coli o157:h7 is an emerging pathogen in missouri. | dramatic media reports of recent outbreaks of illness caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 have drawn national attention to this emerging pathogen. in 1993, a widely publicized outbreak of over 500 culture-confirmed cases was traced to fast-food hamburgers in washington, idaho, nevada and california. closer to home, the first (and still the largest) reported waterborne outbreak of this disease occurred in cabool, missouri in 1989. that outbreak affected 243 people, of whom 32 were hospitalized, 2 ... | 1994 | 7854310 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak linked to commercially distributed dry-cured salami--washington and california, 1994. | from november 16 through december 21, 1994, a total of 20 laboratory-confirmed cases of diarrhea caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 were reported to the seattle-king county department of public health (skcdph). in comparison, three cases were reported during october 1994. epidemiologic investigation linked e. coli o157:h7 infection with consumption of a commercial dry-cured salami product distributed in several western states. three additional cases subsequently were identified in northern calif ... | 1995 | 7870024 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak linked to commercially distributed dry-cured salami--washington and california, 1994. | | 1995 | 7897806 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 infections. | the council on scientific affairs of the california medical association presents the following epitomes of progress in preventive medicine and public health. each item, in the judgment of a panel of knowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonably firmly established, both as to scientific fact and clinical importance. the items are presented in simple epitome, and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be un ... | 1994 | 7941508 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak linked to home-cooked hamburger--california, july 1993. | although outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 have been linked to consumption of contaminated ground beef, the organism is rarely isolated from the implicated meat. in addition, most epidemiologic investigations of illness associated with e. coli o157:h7 infections have been directed at restaurant-associated outbreaks, and the sources of infection for sporadic cases rarely have been identified. in july 1993, three cases of culture-confirmed e. coli o157:h7 infection among persons residing in a ... | 1994 | 8127326 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak linked to home-cooked hamburger--california, july 1993. | | 1994 | 8151864 |
| update: multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections from hamburgers--western united states, 1992-1993. | from november 15, 1992, through february 28, 1993, more than 500 laboratory-confirmed infections with e. coli o157:h7 and four associated deaths occurred in four states--washington, idaho, california, and nevada. this report summarizes the findings from an ongoing investigation that identified a multistate outbreak resulting from consumption of hamburgers from one restaurant chain. | 1993 | 8459795 |
| a new route of transmission for escherichia coli: infection from dry fermented salami. | this study evaluated the production of dry fermented salami associated with an outbreak of escherichia coli o157.h7 infection in washington state and california. | 1996 | 8712275 |
| a cluster of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome and death in california. a mandate for improved surveillance. | in mid-january 1993, an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with eating hamburger patties at a fast-food restaurant chain (chain a) was reported in washington state. from mid-december to mid-january, 9 cases of e coli o157:h7-associated bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome had been reported in san diego county, california. a total of 34 persons had bloody diarrhea, the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or e coli o157:h7 organisms isolated from stool during the period ... | 1996 | 8855679 |
| outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with drinking unpasteurized commercial apple juice--british columbia, california, colorado, and washington, october 1996. | on october 30, 1996, the seattle-king county department of public health and the washington state department of health reported an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections epidemiologically associated with drinking odwalla brand unpasteurized apple juice or odwalla juice mixtures containing apple juice from a coffee shop chain, grocery stores, or other locations. a case was defined as hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) or a stool culture yielding e. coli o157:h7 in a person who became ill af ... | 1996 | 8965797 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with drinking unpasteurized commercial apple juice--british columbia, california, colorado, and washington, october 1996. | | 1996 | 8967999 |
| a multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce. | an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in connecticut and illinois during may 28 to june 27, 1996, was investigated to determine the source of infections. | 1999 | 10448779 |
| incidence of foodborne illnesses reported by the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet)-1997. foodnet working group. | in 1997, the foodborne diseases active surveillance program (foodnet) conducted active surveillance for culture-confirmed cases of campylobacter, escherichia coli o157, listeria, salmonella, shigella, vibrio, yersinia, cyclospora, and cryptosporidium in five emerging infections program sites. foodnet is a collaborative effort of the centers for disease control and prevention's national center for infectious diseases, the united states department of agriculture's food safety and inspection servic ... | 2000 | 10852576 |
| fecal shedding of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, salmonella organisms, and escherichia coli o157:h7 from llamas in california. | to evaluate fecal shedding of giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, salmonella organisms, and escherichia coli o157:h7 from llamas in california with respect to host factors and management practices. | 2001 | 11327478 |
| industry practices and compliance with u.s. food and drug administration guidelines among california sprout firms. | since 1995, raw vegetable sprouts have been implicated as the vehicle of infection in 15 foodborne outbreaks involving salmonella and 2 foodborne outbreaks involving escherichia coli o157:h7. to reduce the numbers of sprout-related outbreaks, the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) published guidance for industry: reducing microbial food safety hazards for sprouting seeds in 1999. between october 2000 and april 2001, 61.5% (16 of 26) of the known commercial sprout firms in california were en ... | 2003 | 12870761 |
| persistent diarrhea, arthritis, and other complications of enteric infections: a pilot survey based on california foodnet surveillance, 1998-1999. | numerous complications of enteric infections have been described, including persistent diarrhea, reactive arthritis, and guillain-barre syndrome. we determined the frequency of self-reported complications of enteric infections in a pilot study in the california site of the foodborne diseases active surveillance network. from 1 april 1998 through 31 march 1999, active surveillance identified 1454 infections in alameda and san francisco counties, of which 52% were campylobacter infections, 22% wer ... | 2004 | 15095204 |
| a multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection linked to consumption of beef tacos at a fast-food restaurant chain. | we investigated a multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections. isolates from 13 case patients from california, nevada, and arizona were matched by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping. five case patients (38%) were hospitalized, and 3 (23%) developed hemolytic uremic syndrome; none died. the median age was 12 years (range, 2-75 years), and 10 (77%) were female. case-control studies found an association between illness and eating beef tacos at a national mexican-style fast-fo ... | 2004 | 15206044 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 infection in nursing homes: review of literature and report of recent outbreak. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is a well-described cause of hemorrhagic colitis in isolated cases and outbreaks. the postdiarrhea complications of this infection (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome) have historically been linked to illness in children aged 5 to 10, but in an elderly, institutionalized population, e. coli o157:h7 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. this geriatric population is at high risk for developing gastrointestinal infections for a numb ... | 2006 | 16686882 |
| corrections to the report of san mateo county enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak associated with raw spinach. | | 2007 | 17233709 |
| recovery of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium bovis from cheese entering the united states through a noncommercial land port of entry. | a joint multiagency project was initiated in response to a salmonella outbreak in san diego county, california, in 2004. samples of cheese were collected during four 1-day operations at the san ysidro port of entry, along the united states-mexico border. surveyed participants were persons crossing the border as pedestrians or in vehicles who had a minimum of 2.27 kg of cheese, which may suggest a potential diversion to illegal marketing. in addition, data were collected about the cheese to ident ... | 2007 | 17265859 |
| incidence and tracking of escherichia coli o157:h7 in a major produce production region in california. | fresh vegetables have become associated with outbreaks caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157). between 1995-2006, 22 produce outbreaks were documented in the united states, with nearly half traced to lettuce or spinach grown in california. outbreaks between 2002 and 2006 induced investigations of possible sources of pre-harvest contamination on implicated farms in the salinas and san juan valleys of california, and a survey of the salinas watershed. eco157 was isolated at least once from 15 ... | 2007 | 18174909 |
| washing practices on the microflora on georgia-grown cantaloupes. | in recent years, several foodborne illness outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of cantaloupe. cantaloupes can be contaminated with pathogens anywhere from the field to the packing line. in the united states, cantaloupes are handled and packed differently in each state. georgia-grown cantaloupes are brought to sheds, washed, and packed, whereas california-grown cantaloupes are field packed. in this study, the microbiological status of cantaloupes produced by four georgia growers t ... | 2008 | 18236661 |
| escherichia coli o157:h7 in feral swine near spinach fields and cattle, central california coast. | we investigated involvement of feral swine in contamination of agricultural fields and surface waterways with escherichia coli o157:h7 after a nationwide outbreak traced to bagged spinach from california. isolates from feral swine, cattle, surface water, sediment, and soil at 1 ranch were matched to the outbreak strain. | 2007 | 18258044 |
| impact of vacuum cooling on escherichia coli o157:h7 infiltration into lettuce tissue. | vacuum cooling is a common practice in the california leafy green industry. this study addressed the impact of vacuum cooling on the infiltration of escherichia coli o157:h7 into lettuce as part of the risk assessment responding to the e. coli o157:h7 outbreaks associated with leafy green produce from california. vacuum cooling significantly increased the infiltration of e. coli o157:h7 into the lettuce tissue (2.65e+06 cfu/g) compared to the nonvacuumed condition (1.98e+05 cfu/g). a stringent s ... | 2008 | 18344328 |
| escherichia coli 0157:h7 infections in children associated with raw milk and raw colostrum from cows--california, 2006. | on september 18, 2006, the california department of public health (cdph) was notified of two children hospitalized with hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). one of the patients had culture-confirmed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection, and both patients had consumed raw (unpasteurized) cow milk in the week before illness onset. four additional cases of e. coli o157:h7 infection in children who had consumed raw cow milk or raw cow colostrum produced by the same dairy were identified during the followi ... | 2008 | 18551097 |
| misidentification of a variant biotype of escherichia coli o157:h7 as escherichia fergusonii by vitek 2 compact. | | 2009 | 19116349 |
| enteric bacterial pathogen detection in southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) is associated with coastal urbanization and freshwater runoff. | although protected for nearly a century, california's sea otters have been slow to recover, in part due to exposure to fecally-associated protozoal pathogens like toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis neurona. however, potential impacts from exposure to fecal bacteria have not been systematically explored. using selective media, we examined feces from live and dead sea otters from california for specific enteric bacterial pathogens (campylobacter, salmonella, clostridium perfringens, c. difficile an ... | 2010 | 19720009 |
| regrowth of potential opportunistic pathogens and algae in reclaimed-water distribution systems. | a study of the quality of reclaimed water in treated effluent, after storage, and at three points in the distribution system of four plants in california, florida, massachusetts, and new york was conducted for 1 year. the plants had different treatment processes (conventional versus membrane bioreactor), production capacities, and methods for storage of the water, and the intended end uses of the water were different. the analysis focused on the occurrence of indicator bacteria (heterotrophic ba ... | 2010 | 20453149 |
| presence of bacteroidales as a predictor of pathogens in surface waters of the central california coast. | the value of bacteroidales genetic markers and fecal indicator bacteria (fib) to predict the occurrence of waterborne pathogens was evaluated in ambient waters along the central california coast. bacteroidales host-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) was used to quantify fecal bacteria in water and provide insights into contributing host fecal sources. over 140 surface water samples from 10 major rivers and estuaries within the monterey bay region were tested over 14 months with four bacteroidales- ... | 2010 | 20639358 |
| longitudinal prevalence and molecular typing of escherichia coli o157:h7 by use of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in fecal samples collected from a range-based herd of beef cattle in california. | to evaluate seasonal patterns and risk factors for escherichia coli o157:h7 in feces in a beef cattle herd and determine strain diversity and transition in e coli over time by use of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). | 2010 | 21034325 |
| impact of urbanization and agriculture on the occurrence of bacterial pathogens and stx genes in coastal waterbodies of central california. | fecal pollution enters coastal waters through multiple routes, many of which originate from land-based activities. runoff from pervious and impervious land surfaces transports pollutants from land to sea and can cause impairment of coastal ocean waters. to understand how land use practices and water characteristics influence concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (fib) and pathogens in natural waters, fourteen coastal streams, rivers, and tidal lagoons, surrounded by variable land use and an ... | 2010 | 21168181 |
| fate of escherichia coli o157:h7 in field-inoculated lettuce. | impact of drip and overhead sprinkler irrigation on the persistence of attenuated escherichia coli o157:h7 in the lettuce phyllosphere was investigated using a split-plot design in four field trials conducted in the salinas valley, california, between summer 2007 and fall 2009. rifampicin-resistant attenuated e. coli o157:h7 atcc 700728 (bls1) was inoculated onto the soil beds after seeding with a backpack sprayer or onto 2- or 4-week-old lettuce plant foliage with a spray bottle at a level of 7 ... | 2011 | 21925023 |
| characteristics of children with sporadic hemolytic uremic syndrome in a single northern california center. | purpose: hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury in children. the aim of this study is to describe our experience at a northern california center. methods: medical records of children suffered from hus (08/99 to 03/09) at university of california davis medical center were reviewed. results: forty-six children (70% gir ... | 2011 | 22116676 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in three sheep farming operations in california. | a year-long study was conducted to determine the fecal prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in three sheep ranches. strain diversity and persistence were compared with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. ranch c, a feedlot, consisted of young sheep raised predominantly on a high-grain diet. the other two sites consisted of sheep raised on native pasture and a combination of native and irrigated pasture. forty fecal samples were collected ... | 2011 | 21902909 |
| isolation of campylobacter from feral swine (sus scrofa) on the ranch associated with the 2006 escherichia coli o157:h7 spinach outbreak investigation in california. | we report the isolation of campylobacter species from the same population of feral swine that was investigated in san benito county, california, during the 2006 spinach-related escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak. this is the first survey of campylobacter in a free-ranging feral swine population in the united states. campylobacter species were cultured from buccal and rectal-anal swabs, colonic faeces and tonsils using a combination of selective enrichment and antibiotic-free membrane filtration m ... | 2012 | 22405465 |
| male-specific coliphages for source tracking fecal contamination in surface waters and prevalence of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli in a major produce production region of the central coast of california. | to provide data for traditional trace-back studies from fork to farm, it is necessary to determine the environmental sources for shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli. we developed sybr green based reverse-transcriptase pcr methods to determine the prevalence of f+ rna coliphages (frna) as indicators of fecal contamination. male-specific coliphages, determined using a single-agar overlay method, were prevalent in all surface waters sampled for 8 months. f+ dna coliphages (fdna) were predominant compa ... | 2015 | 26018296 |
| cross-sectional survey of indicator and pathogenic bacteria on vegetables sold from asian vendors at farmers' markets in northern california. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted during summer 2013 to determine the occurrence of escherichia coli, fecal coliforms (fcs), e. coli o157:h7, and salmonella on raw vegetable commodities common to asian cuisine from 21 vendors or farmers at six farmers' markets in northern california. based on 242 samples from six commodities (basil, yardlong beans, bitter squash, okra, squash stems and leaves, cilantro), 100% of samples had detectable fcs and 20% had detectable e. coli. the mean concentrati ... | 2015 | 25719888 |
| persistence of escherichia coli o157 and non-o157 strains in agricultural soils. | shiga toxin producing escherichia coli o157 and non-o157 serogroups are known to cause serious diseases in human. however, research on the persistence of e. coli non-o157 serogroups in preharvest environment is limited. in the current study, we compared the survival behavior of e. coli o157 to that of non-o157 e. coli strains in agricultural soils collected from three major fresh produce growing areas of california (ca) and arizona (az). results showed that the nonpathogenic e. coli o157:h7 4554 ... | 2014 | 24907617 |
| prevalence of shiga toxin producing escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, and listeria monocytogenes at public access watershed sites in a california central coast agricultural region. | produce contaminated with enteric pathogens is a major source of foodborne illness in the united states. lakes, streams, rivers, and ponds were sampled with moore swabs bi-monthly for over 2 years at 30 locations in the vicinity of a leafy green growing region on the central california coast and screened for shiga toxin producing escherichia coli (stec), salmonella enterica, and listeria monocytogenes to evaluate the prevalence and persistence of pathogen subtypes. the prevalence of stec from 13 ... | 2014 | 24624367 |
| development of a robust method for isolation of shiga toxin-positive escherichia coli (stec) from fecal, plant, soil and water samples from a leafy greens production region in california. | during a 2.5-year survey of 33 farms and ranches in a major leafy greens production region in california, 13,650 produce, soil, livestock, wildlife, and water samples were tested for shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec). overall, 357 and 1,912 samples were positive for e. coli o157:h7 (2.6%) or non-o157 stec (14.0%), respectively. isolates differentiated by o-typing elisa and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) resulted in 697 o157:h7 and 3,256 non-o157 stec i ... | 2013 | 23762414 |
| fecal shedding of zoonotic food-borne pathogens by wild rodents in a major agricultural region of the central california coast. | recent outbreaks of food-borne illness associated with the consumption of produce have increased concern over wildlife reservoirs of food-borne pathogens. wild rodents are ubiquitous, and those living close to agricultural farms may pose a food safety risk should they shed zoonotic microorganisms in their feces near or on agricultural commodities. fecal samples from wild rodents trapped on 13 agricultural farms (9 produce, 3 cow-calf operations, and 1 beef cattle feedlot) in monterey and san ben ... | 2013 | 23934490 |
| strain differences in fitness of escherichia coli o157:h7 to resist protozoan predation and survival in soil. | escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) associated with the 2006 spinach outbreak appears to have persisted as the organism was isolated, three months after the outbreak, from environmental samples in the produce production areas of the central coast of california. survival in harsh environments may be linked to the inherent fitness characteristics of eco157. this study evaluated the comparative fitness of outbreak-related clinical and environmental strains to resist protozoan predation and survive in ... | 2014 | 25019377 |
| prevalence and genomic characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 in cow-calf herds throughout california. | escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 (e. coli o157:h7) is a zoonotic food- and waterborne bacterial pathogen that has a high hospitalization rate and can cause life-threatening complications. increasingly, e. coli o157:h7 infections appear to originate from fresh produce. ruminants, like cattle, are a prominent reservoir of e. coli o157:h7 in the united states. california is one of the most agriculturally productive regions in the world for fresh produce, beef, and milk. the close proximity of fres ... | 2017 | 28550057 |
| prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella on inshell california walnuts. | inshell walnuts collected from california walnut handlers over four harvests were evaluated for the presence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella. e. coli o157:h7 was not detected in any of 2,903 375-g samples evaluated in 2011, 2012, and 2013 (<0.034% prevalence; 95% confidence interval [ci], 0 to 0.13%). salmonella was not isolated from any of the 935 samples in 2010 (100 g evaluated; <0.11% prevalence; 95% ci, 0 to 0.41%) but was isolated from 2 of 905 (375 g; 0.22% prevalence; 95% ci, ... | 2015 | 26219369 |
| transfer of escherichia coli o157:h7 from simulated wildlife scat onto romaine lettuce during foliar irrigation. | a field trial in salinas valley, california, was conducted during july 2011 to quantify the microbial load that transfers from wildlife feces onto nearby lettuce during foliar irrigation. romaine lettuce was grown using standard commercial practices and irrigated using an impact sprinkler design. five grams of rabbit feces was spiked with 1.29 × 10(8) cfu of escherichia coli o157:h7 and placed - 3, - 2, and - 1 days and immediately before a 2-h irrigation event. immediately after irrigation, 168 ... | 2015 | 25710137 |
| topological data analysis of escherichia coli o157:h7 and non-o157 survival in soils. | shiga toxin-producing e. coli o157:h7 and non-o157 have been implicated in many foodborne illnesses caused by the consumption of contaminated fresh produce. however, data on their persistence in soils are limited due to the complexity in datasets generated from different environmental variables and bacterial taxa. there is a continuing need to distinguish the various environmental variables and different bacterial groups to understand the relationships among these factors and the pathogen surviv ... | 2014 | 25250242 |
| ground beef handling and cooking practices in restaurants in eight states. | eating in table-service restaurants has been implicated as a risk factor for escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. to explore this association and learn about the prevalence of risky ground beef preparation practices in restaurants, the environmental health specialists network (ehs-net) assessed ground beef handling policies and practices in restaurants in california, colorado, connecticut, georgia, minnesota, new york, oregon, and tennessee. eligible restaurants prepared and served hamburgers. eh ... | 2013 | 24290692 |
| influence of bacterial communities based on 454-pyrosequencing on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in soils. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 has been implicated in many foodborne illnesses. in this study, survival of e. coli o157:h7 in 32 soils from california (ca) and arizona (az) was investigated. our goal was to correlate the survival time of e. coli o157:h7 in soils with 16s rrna pyrosequencing based bacterial community composition. kohonen self-organizing map of survival and associated soil chemical, physical and biological variables using artificial neural network analysis showed t ... | 2013 | 23360569 |
| persistence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in major leafy green producing soils. | persistence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in 32 (16 organically managed and 16 conventionally managed) soils from california (ca) and arizona (az) was investigated. results showed that the longest survival (ttd, time needed to reach detection limit, 100 cfu g(-1) dry soil) of e. coli o157:h7 was observed in the soils from salinas valley, ca and in organically managed soils from az. detrended correspondence analysis revealed that the survival profiles in organically managed soils in yuma, az were d ... | 2012 | 23030401 |
| use of traceback methods to confirm the source of a multistate escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak due to in-shell hazelnuts. | traceback methods by state regulatory agencies were used to complement traditional epidemiological cluster investigation methods and confirmed hazelnuts (also referred to as filberts) as the vehicle in a multistate outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections. bulk in-shell hazelnut and mixed-nut purchase locations were identified during the initial epidemiological interviews. based on purchase dates and case onset dates, regulators in minnesota, michigan, and wisconsin traced product back th ... | 2012 | 22289593 |