| nosocomial legionnaires' disease in england and wales, 1980-92. | two hundred and eighteen nosocomial cases of legionnaires' disease with 68 deaths were reported to the national surveillance scheme for legionnaires disease between 1980 and 1992, representing 15% of the reported infections acquired in england and wales. twenty-two nosocomial outbreaks accounted for 135 (62%) of these cases, the remainder occurring as single cases either in hospitals where other single cases or outbreaks had been reported in different years or as 'sporadic' cases in hospitals fr ... | 1994 | 8150007 |
| five new legionella species isolated from water. | fourteen legionella-like strains isolated from aquatic sources have been characterized serologically, biochemically, and in terms of dna relatedness. the strains grew on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar but not on blood agar and displayed phenotypic characteristics typical of the family legionellaceae, including a requirement for cysteine, cellular fatty acid compositions in which branched-chain acids predominate, and the possession of isoprenoid quinones of the ubiquinone series with more t ... | 1993 | 8494743 |
| legionnaires' disease as a hospital-acquired infection. | | 1996 | 8731639 |
| legionnaires' disease in residents of england and wales: 1997. | two hundred and twenty-six residents of england and wales who developed legionnaires' disease with onset of infection in 1997 were reported to the phls communicable disease surveillance centre. twenty-eight cases (12%) were reported to have died. half of the reported cases (114) were associated with travel, either abroad or in the united kingdom. six cases acquired infection in hospital and the remaining 106 were presumed to have acquired infection in the community. nineteen cases were linked to ... | 1998 | 9854883 |
| legionella from guests of welsh hotel indistinguishable from humidifier isolates. | | 2000 | 10826219 |
| point-of-care controls for nosocomial legionellosis combined with chlorine dioxide potable water decontamination: a two-year survey at a welsh teaching hospital. | this study reports a two-year programme of attempted eradication of legionella colonization in the potable water supply of a 1000-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in wales. there was a simultaneous, point-of-care, sterile-water-only policy for all intensive care units (icu) and bone marrow and renal transplant units in order to prevent acquisition of nosocomial legionnaires' disease. the programme was initiated following a case of nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila serogrou ... | 2005 | 16002178 |
| comparison of clinical and environmental isolates of legionella pneumophila obtained in the uk over 19 years. | between january 1980 and december 1998, 3458 cases of legionnaires' disease were reported to the national surveillance scheme in england and wales. of these, 463 (13.4%) were reported as proven by culture and isolation of legionella spp., with 96.3% being legionella pneumophila. serogroup (sgp), monoclonal antibody (mab) subgrouping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis data were obtained for 321 (69.3%) of these, of which 284 were classified as being unrelated to any othe ... | 2007 | 17184291 |
| distribution of legionella pneumophila serogroups, monoclonal antibody subgroups and dna sequence types in recent clinical and environmental isolates from england and wales (2000-2008). | clinical isolates of legionella pneumophila, obtained from 167 patients, who acquired their illness in the community in england and wales between january 2000 and march 2008, were compared with 276 environmental isolates of l. pneumophila obtained over the same period as part of the routine sampling of 'managed' water systems. the 443 isolates were typed by monoclonal antibody (mab) subgrouping and the internationally standardised, seven-gene loci, sequence-based typing (sbt) scheme of the europ ... | 2009 | 19156453 |
| investigating a cluster of legionnaires' cases: public health implications. | to describe the multidisciplinary investigation and management of a rapidly increasing number of cases of legionnaires' disease in the north shropshire area, uk during august 2006. | 2010 | 20483439 |
| a community outbreak of legionnaires' disease in south wales, august-september 2010. | during august and september 2010, an outbreak comprising 22 cases of legionnaires' disease was identified by the public health service in wales. the cases are distributed over a wide geographical area in south east wales. there are two space-time clusters centred on the upper rhymney valley and the lower cynon valley respectively. epidemiological investigations are compatible with cooling towers in each location as the potential source, but environmental inspections were satisfactory and microbi ... | 2010 | 21034723 |
| rapid investigation of cases and clusters of legionnaires' disease in england and wales using direct molecular typing. | legionella pneumophila is the leading cause of legionnaires' disease, a severe pneumonia that can occur as sporadic cases or point-source outbreaks affecting multiple patients. the infection is acquired by inhalation of aerosols from contaminated water systems. in order to identify the probable source and prevent further cases, clinical and environmental isolates are compared using phenotypic and genotypic methods. typically up to 10 days are required to isolate l. pneumophila prior to the appli ... | 2016 | 27046155 |