| human health risks for legionella and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from potable and non-potable uses of roof-harvested rainwater. | a quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) of opportunistic pathogens legionella pneumophila (lp) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was undertaken for various uses of roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) reported in queensland, australia to identify appropriate usages and guide risk management practices. risks from inhalation of aerosols due to showering, swimming in pools topped up with rhrw, use of a garden hose, car washing, and toilet flushing with rhrw were considered for lp while both ... | 2017 | 28500949 |
| opportunistic pathogens in roof-captured rainwater samples, determined using quantitative pcr. | in this study, quantitative pcr (qpcr) was used for the detection of four opportunistic bacterial pathogens in water samples collected from 72 rainwater tanks in southeast queensland, australia. tank water samples were also tested for fecal indicator bacteria (escherichia coli and enterococcus spp.) using culture-based methods. among the 72 tank water samples tested, 74% and 94% samples contained e. coli and enterococcus spp., respectively, and the numbers of e. coli and enterococcus spp. in tan ... | 2014 | 24531256 |
| the public health implications of a sporadic case of culture-proven legionnaires' disease. | legionella pneumophila is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia. domestic sources of infection have been increasingly recognised among community-acquired cases. this report summarises the public health investigations and management of a single community-acquired case of legionnaires' disease in queensland, commenced in the context of a suspected outbreak. legionellae from the case's domestic water supply were indistinguishable from the clinical isolate. the implications for future i ... | 2005 | 16366060 |
| a predominant and virulent legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strain detected in isolates from patients and water in queensland, australia, by an amplified fragment length polymorphism protocol and virulence gene-based pcr assays. | in epidemiological investigations of community legionellosis outbreaks, knowledge of the prevalence, distribution, and clinical significance (virulence) of environmental legionella isolates is crucial for interpretation of the molecular subtyping results. to obtain such information for legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates, we used the standardized amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) protocol of the european working group on legionella infection to subtype l. pneumophila sg1 isol ... | 2004 | 15365006 |
| occurrence and distribution of legionella species in composted plant materials. | legionellae were found in many samples of composted plant matter obtained from home gardeners and from facilities which undertook bulk composting. the predominant species isolated from these composts was legionella pneumophila, the strains of which belonged to serogroups other than serogroup 1. other legionella species were present in many samples. legionella longbeachae serogroup 1, which is implicated in human infections in south australia, was present in samples obtained from two of six facil ... | 1994 | 11001749 |
| infectivity, transmission and 16s rrna sequencing of a rickettsia, coxiella cheraxi sp. nov., from the freshwater crayfish cherax quadricarinatus. | a rickettsia-like organism isolated from infected, farm-reared cherax quadricarinatus was cultured in the yolk sac of developing chicken eggs, but could not be cultured in 3 continuous cell lines, bluegill fry (bf-2), fathead minnow (fhm), and spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9). the organism was confirmed by fulfilling koch's postulates as the aetiological agent of mortalities amongst c. quadricarinatus. when c. quadricarinatus was inoculated with the organism, mortality was 100% at 28 degrees c and 8 ... | 2000 | 10918979 |
| implications of faecal indicator bacteria for the microbiological assessment of roof-harvested rainwater quality in southeast queensland, australia. | the study aimed to evaluate the suitability of escherichia coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfringens for assessing the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater and assessing whether the concentrations of these faecal indicators can be used to predict the presence or absence of specific zoonotic bacterial or protozoan pathogens. from a total of 100 samples tested, 58%, 83%, and 46% of samples were found to be positive for, respectively, e. coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfri ... | 2010 | 20657617 |
| real-time pcr detection of pathogenic microorganisms in roof-harvested rainwater in southeast queensland, australia. | in this study, the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and bacteroides spp. in rainwater obtained from tanks in southeast queensland, australia. samples were also tested using real-time pcr (with sybr green i dye) for the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms. of the 27 rainwater samples tested, 17 (63%), 21 (78%), 13 (48%), and 24 (89%) were positive for e. coli, en ... | 2008 | 18621865 |
| distribution of 19 major virulence genes in legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from patients and water in queensland, australia. | the distribution of 19 major virulence genes and the presence of plasmids were surveyed in 141 legionella pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 isolates from patients and water in queensland, australia. the results showed that 16 of the virulence genes examined were present in all isolates, suggesting that they are life-essential genes for isolates in the environment and host cells. the 65 kb pathogenicity island identified originally in strain philadelphia-1(t) was detected more frequently in isolates f ... | 2006 | 16849718 |
| health risk from the use of roof-harvested rainwater in southeast queensland, australia, as potable or nonpotable water, determined using quantitative microbial risk assessment. | a total of 214 rainwater samples from 82 tanks were collected in urban southeast queensland (seq) in australia and analyzed for the presence and numbers of zoonotic bacterial and protozoal pathogens using binary pcr and quantitative pcr (qpcr). quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) analysis was used to quantify the risk of infection associated with the exposure to potential pathogens from roof-harvested rainwater used as potable or nonpotable water. of the 214 samples tested, 10.7%, 9.8% ... | 2010 | 20851954 |