| legionnaires' disease in south australia, 1979-1988. | laboratory investigations supported the diagnosis of legionella pneumonia in 108 patients in south australia over the past 10 years. legionella pneumophila was responsible for 91 infections: the serogroup-1 strain caused 81 of these. l. pneumophila serogroup 2 was the only other strain of l. pneumophila that was isolated from patients; it caused infection in eight patients. in two patients, the serological results did not distinguish between infection with l. pneumophila serogroup 1 and serogrou ... | 1989 | 2687665 |
| legionnaires' disease in south australia. prevalence and diagnosis. | legionella pneumophila was successfully isolated from sputum, and from respiratory secretions obtained by tracheal aspiration, of two patients with legionnaires' disease by means of guinea pigs and charcoal yeast extract agar. direct culture of lung tissue from one of these patients gave a pure growth of l. pneumophila. in both cases, legionellas were isolated from specimens which were collected several days after treatment with erythromycin began. direct fluorescent antibody tests on these spec ... | 1980 | 6993890 |
| problems associated with identification of legionella species from the environment and isolation of six possible new species. | following investigation of an outbreak of legionellosis in south australia, numerous legionella-like organisms were isolated from water samples. because of the limited number of commercially available direct fluorescent-antibody reagents and the cross-reactions found with some reagents, non-pneumophila legionellae proved to be difficult to identify and these isolates were stored at -70 degrees c for later study. latex agglutination reagents for legionella pneumophila and legionella anisa develop ... | 1990 | 2317047 |
| epidemiological characteristics of legionella infection in south australia: implications for disease control. | about one third of adults surveyed in south australia have shown evidence of past silent infection with legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. however, the annual notification rate for symptomatic disease is only about 0.5 per 100,000 residents in non-epidemic years. the male to female ratio is 2.5 to one and approximately 50% of the cases are at least 60 years of age. cases have presented more in summer and in the metropolitan areas. twenty cases of legionnaires' disease occurred during the summer ... | 1991 | 2036080 |
| an outbreak of legionella longbeachae infection in an intensive care unit? | during a nine-day period, five patients in a 14-bed intensive care unit (icu) were shown to have seroconverted with a four-fold or greater rise in serum antibody titre to legionella longbeachae serogroup 1. a further two patients were observed to have high titres consistent with previous exposure but earlier serum samples were not available for comparison. no patients had antibody responses to legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 2. l. longbeachae was not cultured from respiratory secretions ... | 2002 | 12473468 |
| occurrence and distribution of legionella species in composted plant materials. | legionellae were found in many samples of composted plant matter obtained from home gardeners and from facilities which undertook bulk composting. the predominant species isolated from these composts was legionella pneumophila, the strains of which belonged to serogroups other than serogroup 1. other legionella species were present in many samples. legionella longbeachae serogroup 1, which is implicated in human infections in south australia, was present in samples obtained from two of six facil ... | 1994 | 11001749 |
| a model for autumn outbreaks of legionnaires' disease associated with cooling towers, linked to system operation and size. | cooling towers have been demonstrated to be amplifiers and disseminators of legionella, the causative organism of legionnaires' disease. community outbreaks associated with cooling towers have been reported with several common factors. small towers (< 300 kw) have predominantly been implicated in outbreaks. cooling tower-associated outbreaks are most frequent in autumn, and frequently implicated systems have been operated after a period of shutdown. this paper reports field study data relating s ... | 1993 | 8405155 |