| prevalence of legionella pneumophila infection in children and its role in pediatric community-acquired atypical pneumonia. | the infection status of legionella pneumophila in children and its role in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia were investigated. because exposure to legionella pneumophila may be highly variable and there has been no unanimously agreed-upon cut-off values in previous seroprevalence studies, 60 serum samples collected from infants aged 12 to 18 months were examined using immunofluorescence antibody test to determine the cut-off titer which represents past legionella pneumophila infection. an ... | 1996 | 8755173 |
| efficacy of point-of-entry copper--silver ionisation system in eradicating legionella pneumophila in a tropical tertiary care hospital: implications for hospitals contaminated with legionella in both hot and cold water. | a medical centre in southern taiwan experienced an outbreak of nosocomial legionnaires' disease, with the water distribution system thought to be the source of the infection. even after two superheats and flush, the rate of legionella positivity in distal sites in hospital wards and intensive care units (icus) was 14% and 66%, respectively. copper-silver ionisation was therefore implemented in an attempt to control legionella colonisation in both hot- and cold-water systems. environmental cultur ... | 2008 | 18192074 |
| hospital-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia caused by legionella pneumophila in an immunocompromised patient. | the legionella species is an important cause of communityand hospital-acquired pneumonia. bacteremic pneumonia caused by l. pneumophila is rarely reported. we describe the first reported case of hospital-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia caused by l. pneumophila from taiwan in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who received steroid treatment. the patient was successfully treated with ceftazidime and clindamycin initially, followed by ciprofloxacin for 14 days. the blood isolate w ... | 2010 | 20349106 |
| clinical characteristics of q fever and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region of southern taiwan: a prospective observational study. | the clinical characteristics of q fever are poorly identified in the tropics. fever with pneumonia or hepatitis are the dominant presentations of acute q fever, which exhibits geographic variability. in southern taiwan, which is located in a tropical region, the role of q fever in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) has never been investigated. | 2014 | 25033402 |
| surveillance and evaluation of the infection risk of free-living amoebae and legionella in different aquatic environments. | free-living amoebae (fla) are ubiquitous in various aquatic environments. several amoebae species are pathogenic and host other pathogens such as legionella, but the presence of fla and its parasites as well as the related infection risk are not well known. in this study, the presence of pathogenic fla and legionella in various water bodies was investigated. water samples were collected from a river, intake areas of drinking water treatment plants, and recreational hot spring complexes in centra ... | 2014 | 25192927 |
| identification and quantitative detection of legionella spp. in various aquatic environments by real-time pcr assay. | in this study, a sybr green quantitative real-time pcr was developed to quantify and detect the legionella spp. in various environmental water samples. the water samples were taken from watershed, water treatment plant, and thermal spring area in taiwan. legionella was detected in 13.6 % (24/176), and the detection rate for river water, raw drinking water, and thermal spring water was 10, 21.4, and 16.6 %, respectively. using real-time pcr, concentration of legionella spp. in detected samples ra ... | 2013 | 23536272 |
| seasonal variation of legionella in taiwan's reservoir and its relationships with environmental factors. | in this study, the presence of legionella in major water reservoirs of taiwan was examined with respect to seasonal variation, geographical variation, and water quality parameters using taqman real-time qpcr. water samples were collected quarterly at 19 reservoirs in taiwan between november 2012 and august 2013. the detection rate for legionella was 35.5% (27/76), and legionella was detected in all seasons. the legionella concentration was relatively high in spring and summer, reaching 3.86 × 10 ... | 2015 | 25391236 |
| an underestimated co-infection: swine influenza and pneumonia due to legionella pneumophila. | | 2016 | 27650238 |
| legionnaires' disease caused by legionella longbeachae in taiwan, 2006-2010. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of legionnaires' disease (ld) caused by legionella longbeachae in taiwan during 2006-2010. a total of six cases were identified prospectively, accounting for 1.6% of all laboratory-confirmed ld cases and 4.4% of culture-positive ld cases. all six cases occurred between april and august. the male to female ratio was 0.5. these six ld patients had a higher median age than those with ld due to legionella pneumophila. four of the six p ... | 2014 | 24269651 |
| isolation and identification of legionella and their host amoebae from weak alkaline carbonate spring water using a culture method combined with pcr. | legionella were detected with the direct dna extraction method, legionella culture method, and free-living amoebae (fla) culture method from weak alkaline carbonate spring water in taiwan. moreover, we also investigated the existence of acanthamoeba, hartmannella, and naegleria, ubiquitous fla in aquatic environments, to identify the correlations between existing legionella. this study reports detecting legionella in 15 of the 51 weak alkaline carbonate spring water samples (29.4%). this work al ... | 2011 | 21537990 |
| water quality parameters associated with prevalence of legionella in hot spring facility water bodies. | some species of legionella are recognized as opportunistic potential human pathogens, such as legionella pneumophila, which causes legionnaires disease. indeed, outbreaks of legionellosis are frequently reported in areas in which the organism has been spread via aerosols from contaminated institutional water systems. contamination in hot tubs, spas and public baths are also possible. as a result, in this study, we investigated the distribution of legionella at six hot spring recreation areas thr ... | 2010 | 20727568 |
| utilization of polymerase chain reaction and selective media cultivation to identify legionella in taiwan spring water samples. | in this study, we investigated the distribution of legionella in sources of spring water and wastewater throughout taiwan. legionella were detected with culture method and pcr method from water samples, combined with molecular methods that allow the taxonomic identification of legionella species. factors associated with the distribution of legionella including the physical-chemical and microbiological water quality characteristics were also measured. legionella were detected in 18 of the 68 samp ... | 2011 | 20424910 |
| epidemiological investigation of a case of nosocomial legionnaires' disease in taiwan: implications for routine environmental surveillance. | an epidemiological investigation with legionella and molecular subtyping was conducted to determine the source of a case of nosocomial legionnaires' disease (ld) who was hospitalized in three hospitals within a month. legionella pneumophila serogroup 3, an uncommon serogroup for infection, was isolated from the patient's sputum. environmental surveillance revealed legionella colonization in all three hospitals; the patient isolate matched the isolate from the first hospital by molecular typing. ... | 2010 | 19624501 |
| the high prevalence of legionella pneumophila contamination in hospital potable water systems in taiwan: implications for hospital infection control in asia. | the major sources of legionnaires' disease (ld) are the potable water systems of large buildings including hospitals, nursing homes, and hotels. culturing the hospital water system for legionella allows a preventive approach for hospital-acquired ld. however, hospital-acquired ld is rarely reported in taiwan, and environmental cultures of legionella in hospital water systems in taiwan have never been systematically performed. | 2008 | 18243750 |
| environmental survey of legionella pneumophila in hot springs in taiwan. | acquisition of sporadic community-acquired legionnaires' disease has been linked to hot springs and whirlpool baths. outbreaks of hot spring-associated legionnaires' disease were reported in japan in the last few years. although the mode of transmission is unclear, the presence of legionella in hot springs may discourage hot springs resort visits by the general public. an environmental survey was conducted to determine the presence of legionella in hot springs in taiwan. in total, 55 water sampl ... | 2007 | 17162501 |
| legionella prevalence in hot spring recreation areas of taiwan. | legionella is a bacterium ubiquitous to aquatic environments. within the genus a few species are recognized as opportunistic potential human pathogens, especially the species legionella pneumophila, which causes pneumonia legionellosis. outbreaks of legionellosis are frequently reported by hotel guests and hospital patients, and are spread through inhaled aerosols of contaminated institutional water systems. contaminations in hot tubs, spas and public baths are also possible. as a result, in thi ... | 2006 | 16928391 |
| a legionellosis case due to contaminated spa water and confirmed by genomic identification in taiwan. | tracing the source of a legionellosis (lg) case revealed that the legionella pneumophila (lp) strain isolated from patient's sputum shared the same serogroup (sg) and pfge-type with 4 lp strains obtained from a spa center. with a high lp-contamination rate (81.2%, 13/16) in all of its 16 basins, this spa center was also found to have a multi-genotypic distribution among its 13 lp isolates, which can be categorized into 5 pfge-types. despite such a serious contamination in the spa center, which u ... | 2006 | 16714844 |
| abbreviated duration of superheat-and-flush and disinfection of taps for legionella disinfection: lessons learned from failure. | one medical center in southern taiwan faced an outbreak of nosocomial legionnaires' disease; a total of 81 suspected cases were detected during an 8-month period. baseline environmental surveillance showed that 80% of the distal sites in intensive care units (icus) were positive for legionella pneumophila. superheat-and-flush was selected for hospital water supply disinfection because it required no special equipment, and it can be initiated expeditiously. we conducted 2 episodes of superheat-an ... | 2005 | 16330310 |
| legionella pneumophila infection in the taiwan area. | the aim of this study was to explore the epidemiological distribution of legionellosis among pneumonia patients in taiwan. from january 2001 to december 2003, specimens (i.e., sputum, urine, and serum) from a total of 5097 patients with pneumonia or pneumonia-like disease registered at hospitals in the taiwan area were analyzed for possible legionella infection. following the guideline issued by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in the united states, a total of 237 pneumonia p ... | 2005 | 16258821 |
| legionella pneumophila infection in taiwan: a preliminary report. | legionella pneumophila infection has been recognized as an important cause of pneumonia. however, epidemiologic baseline data about the occurrence of legionella-related pneumonia and the distribution of legionellae in aquatic environments are still not available in taiwan. a survey conducted by the national institute of preventive medicine found that 8.6% of 487 pneumonia patients studied were positive for the l. pneumophila serologic test (indirect fluorescent test, ifa) and 32.0% of the 25 wat ... | 1996 | 8840755 |
| [serological evidence of legionella pneumophila infection in children]. | | 1988 | 3064895 |
| application of taqman fluorescent probe-based quantitative real-time pcr assay for the environmental survey of legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila in drinking water reservoirs in taiwan. | in this study, taqman fluorescent quantitative real-time pcr was performed to quantify legionella species in reservoirs. water samples were collected from 19 main reservoirs in taiwan, and 12 (63.2%) were found to contain legionella spp. the identified species included uncultured legionella spp., l. pneumophila, l. jordanis, and l. drancourtii. the concentrations of legionella spp. and l. pneumophila in the water samples were in the range of 1.8×10(2)-2.6×10(3) and 1.6×10(2)-2.4×10(2) cells/l, r ... | 2014 | 24867705 |