| spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern tanzania. | spatial and longitudinal monitoring of transmission intensity will allow better targeting of malaria interventions. in this study, data on meteorological, demographic, entomological and parasitological data over the course of a year was collected to describe malaria epidemiology in a single village of low transmission intensity. | 2006 | 17081311 |
| feeding and resting behaviour of malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis with reference to zooprophylaxis. | the most important factor for effective zooprophylaxis in reducing malaria transmission is a predominant population of a strongly zoophilic mosquito, anopheles arabiensis. the feeding preference behaviour of anopheline mosquitoes was evaluated in odour-baited entry trap (obet). | 2007 | 17663787 |
| role of cattle treated with deltamethrine in areas with a high population of anopheles arabiensis in moshi, northern tanzania. | malaria control measures were initiated from in october 2005 to august 2006 in the lower moshi irrigation schemes, tanzania. this manuscript reports on the entomological evaluation of the impact of pyrethroid-treated cattle in reducing the population of the anopheles arabiensis for selected houses in the lower moshi irrigation scheme. | 2007 | 17686176 |
| mosquito abundance, bed net coverage and other factors associated with variations in sporozoite infectivity rates in four villages of rural tanzania. | entomological surveys are of great importance in decision-making processes regarding malaria control strategies because they help to identify associations between vector abundance both species-specific ecology and disease intervention factors associated with malaria transmission. sporozoite infectivity rates, mosquito host blood meal source, bed net coverage and mosquito abundance were assessed in this study. | 2008 | 18423018 |
| ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern tanzania. | the use of plant repellents against nuisance biting insects is common and its potential for malaria vector control requires evaluation in areas with different level of malaria endemicity. the essential oils of ocimum suave and ocimum kilimandscharicum were evaluated against malaria vectors in north-eastern tanzania. | 2008 | 18687119 |
| a resting box for outdoor sampling of adult anopheles arabiensis in rice irrigation schemes of lower moshi, northern tanzania. | malaria vector sampling is the best method for understanding the vector dynamics and infectivity; thus, disease transmission seasonality can be established. there is a need to protecting humans involved in the sampling of disease vectors during surveillance or in control programmes. in this study, human landing catch, two cow odour baited resting boxes and an unbaited resting box were evaluated as vector sampling tools in an area with a high proportion of anopheles arabiensis, as the major malar ... | 2009 | 19393098 |
| behavioural and insecticidal effects of organophosphate-, carbamate- and pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets against african malaria vectors. | three insecticides - the pyrethroid deltamethrin, the carbamate carbosulfan and the organophosphate chlorpyrifos-methyl - were tested on mosquito nets in experimental huts to determine their potential for introduction as malaria control measures. their behavioural effects and efficacy were examined in anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles funestus giles s.s. in muheza, tanzania, and in anopheles arabiensis patton and culex quinquefasciatus say in moshi, tanzania. a stan ... | 2009 | 19941597 |
| biochemical basis of permethrin resistance in anopheles arabiensis from lower moshi, north-eastern tanzania. | development of resistance to different classes of insecticides is a potential threat to malaria control. with the increasing coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets in tanzania, the continued monitoring of resistance in vector populations is crucial. it may facilitate the development of novel strategies to prevent or minimize the spread of resistance. in this study, metabolic-based mechanisms conferring permethrin (pyrethroid) resistance were investigated in anopheles arabiensis of low ... | 2010 | 20609220 |
| comparative efficacies of permethrin-, deltamethrin- and alpha-cypermethrin-treated nets, against anopheles arabiensis and culex quinquefasciatus in northern tanzania. | mosquito nets treated with permethrin, deltamethrin or alpha-cypermethrin at 25 mg/m(2) were evaluated in experimental huts in an area of rice irrigation near moshi, in northern tanzania. the nets were deliberately holed to resemble worn nets. the nets treated with permethrin offered the highest personal protection against anopheles arabiensis (61.6% reduction in fed mosquitoes) and culex quinquefasciatus (25.0%). deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin provided lower personal protection against an. ... | 2008 | 18510817 |
| occurrence of the leucine-to-phenylalanine knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in anopheles arabiensis populations in tanzania, detected by a simplified high-throughput ssop-elisa method. | molecular markers of insecticide resistance can provide sensitive indicators of resistance development in malaria vector populations. monitoring of insecticide resistance in vector populations is an important component of current malaria control programmes. knockdown resistance (kdr) confers resistance to the pyrethroid class of insecticides with cross-resistance to ddt through single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. | 2006 | 16820067 |
| entomological evaluation of malaria vectors at different altitudes in hai district, northeastern tanzania. | entomological monitoring in four villages situated along an altitude transect in the hai district of northeastern tanzania identified anopheles arabiensis patton as the principal vector of malaria and detected seasonal changes in vector behavior. over a 13-mo sampling period, 10,557 mosquitoes were collected with cdc light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, and pit traps of which 5,969 (56.5%) werean. arabiensis, 762 (7.2%) wereanopheles funestus giles s.l., 3,578 (33.9%) were culicines, and 248 (2 ... | 2006 | 16739419 |
| malaria transmission risk variations derived from different agricultural practices in an irrigated area of northern tanzania. | malaria vector anopheles and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were monitored for 12 months during 1994-95 in villages of lower moshi irrigation area (37 degrees 20' e, 3 degrees 21' s; approximately 700 m a.s.l.) south of mount kilimanjaro in northern tanzania. adult mosquito populations were sampled fortnightly by five methods: human bait collection indoors (18.00-06.00 hours) and outdoors (18.00-24.00 hours); from daytime resting-sites indoors and outdoors; by cdc light-traps over sleeper ... | 2002 | 11963979 |
| comparative evaluation of four mosquitoes sampling methods in rice irrigation schemes of lower moshi, northern tanzania. | adult malaria vector sampling is the most important parameter for setting up an intervention and understanding disease dynamics in malaria endemic areas. the intervention will ideally be species-specific according to sampling output. it was the objective of this study to evaluate four sampling techniques, namely human landing catch, pit shelter, indoor resting collection and odour-baited entry trap. | 2009 | 19580663 |