| a prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ulv) aerial application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. i. study design and perspective. | a large-scale prospective study was designed to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ulv) application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. the study was conducted during 1972 to 1973, in the miragoane valley of haiti, an area having annual anticipated outbreaks of malaria, which allowed prospective assessment. spraying of malathion at a dosage of 4.5 fluid ounces per acre reduced populations of adult anopheles albimanus to less than 1% of prespray levels and interrupted ... | 1975 | 1091167 |
| a prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ulv) aerial application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. ii. entomologic and operational aspects. | in a large-scale study in the miragoane valley of haiti, designed to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ulv) malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria, spray operations resulted in an immediate and sharp decline in numbers of the vector, anopheles albimanus. the adult population of this mosquito remained at less than 1% of previous levels until several weeks after a 50-day spray period (27 october-16 december 1972) during which six cycles were completed. the study area offered ... | 1975 | 1091168 |
| a prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ulv) aerial application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. iii. ecologic aspects. | the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ulv) malathion on selected species of nontarget animals in haiti are reported. mortality of certain groups of insects such as bees, flies, beetles, and butterflies was observed immediately following spray application. minor fish mortality occurred only in shallow water exposed to direct spray. the brain acetylcholine esterase levels of living fish, tree lizards, birds and bats collected from treated areas were not significantly reduced. no ill or dead anima ... | 1975 | 1091169 |
| a prospective study of the effects of ultralow volume (ulv) aerial application of malathion on epidemic plasmodium falciparum malaria. iv. epidemiologic aspects. | in the miragoane valley of haiti a consistent pattern in the incidence of plasmodium falciparum malaria over a 10-year period made it possible to predict an annual outbreak and perform a prospective study to test the effects of aerial ultralow volume (ulv) malathion on epidemic levels of this disease. at the end of october 1972, after epidemic levels (100 cases/month/10,000 population) had been reached, spray operations were begun. the first spray cycle produced a sharp and immediate drop in pop ... | 1975 | 1091170 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 35-1989. a 25-year-old haitian man with chills, fever, abdominal pain, and renal failure. | | 1989 | 2668765 |
| antibodies to pf155, a major antigen of plasmodium falciparum: seroepidemiological studies in haiti. | the presence of malaria parasites and the serological antibody responses against whole plasmodium falciparum and the pf155 antigen were studied in the population of a small rural locality in haiti in december 1985. only 7 (1.5%) of the individuals were found to be infected with p. falciparum, the only species observed. antibodies to p. falciparum were detected in an elisa in 38.2% of the sera, the positivity rates being age-related. anti-pf155 antibodies were detected in 12.5% and 13.6% of indiv ... | 1987 | 3311436 |
| monitoring of chloroquine sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum in haiti, 1981-1983. | between 1981 and 1983, in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted in haiti to assess the responsiveness of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine. the standard tests successfully performed included 92 who standardized in vivo field tests and 160 in vitro tests (64 macrotests, 33 microtests, and 63 48-hr tests). no clearcut evidence of chloroquine resistance was detected. in 3 in vivo and 5 in vitro tests, a decreased susceptibility to the drug was suggested, but these isolated findings failed to ... | 1986 | 3518501 |
| use of prophylaxis for malaria by american travelers to africa and haiti. | | 1987 | 3553634 |
| development of an in vitro microtest for determining the susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: laboratory investigations and field studies in port-au-prince, haiti. | an in vitro microtest for assessing the susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (s-p) was developed following who guidelines. paraaminobenzoic acid and folic acid were depleted in the culture medium used, the test wells were predosed with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine at a constant ratio of 80:1, and the parasites were incubated for 48 hours. optimum parasite multiplication was obtained with a 2% erythrocyte suspension in medium supplemented with 12% serum. during in ... | 1985 | 3899394 |
| a phenanthrene methanol (wr 33063) for treatment of acute malaria. | wr 33063, a phenanthrene methanol, was studied in human volunteers for tolerance and toxicity. in normal volunteers, it was possible to give 4.6 g in four divided doses without adverse effect for 10 days. at this dose level, there was neither evidence of photosensitivity nor adverse renal or cardiac effect. at a dose level of 1.6 g in four divided doses for 6 days, wr 33063 cured 18 of 23 nonimmune volunteers infected with the smith strain of plasmodium falciparum from vietnam. in addition, infe ... | 1973 | 4597714 |
| chloroquine susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum in haiti. | in january and february 1982, in vivo and in vitro studies of the chloroquine sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum were conducted in port-au-prince, haiti. of 19 infections tested in vivo using the who extended test, all but one were susceptible to the drug; the remaining case showed a recurrence of parasitaemia on day 28. of the 19 corresponding 48-hour in vitro tests, 16 provided interpretable results; 12 tests demonstrated sensitivity to the drug, while in the remaining 4, parasite multiplica ... | 1983 | 6370485 |
| plasmodium falciparum in haiti: susceptibility to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. | eighteen patients with plasmodium falciparum infection were studied in port-au-prince, haiti, to monitor the response of the malaria parasite to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. in all infections the parasitaemia was cleared rapidly following treatment with standard dose of the drug combination; no recrudescence was observed during follow-up periods of 1 week (4 patients) and 4 weeks (14 patients). parallel in vitro tests indicated that 5 of the 16 isolates successfully tested were resistant to pyrime ... | 1984 | 6386210 |
| observations on two strains of plasmodium falciparum from haiti in aotus monkeys. | two strains of plasmodium falciparum originating in haiti were studied in the aotus monkey. the haitian i/cdc strain was first adapted to in vitro cultivation and subsequently inoculated into monkeys. the haitian iii/cdc strain was inoculated directly from a human patient into the aotus monkey. the strains varied in their levels of pathogenicity to the animals. the haitian i/cdc strain was highly virulent in six splenectomized animals; in one intact animal, the infection could be controlled but ... | 1982 | 6750071 |
| [bioecology in haiti of anopheles albimanus wiedemann, 1820 (diptera:culicidae)]. | hispaniola has the highest malaria rate in the west indies. a study of the bio-ecology of the major vector anopheles albimanus was carried out in haïti. our observations concerned the length of pre-imaginal stages, biting rates and the gonotrophic cycle. a table of its complete life cycle, stage by stage, was produced as well as a graph illustrating its whole larval development in its natural habitat. results in the field and insectarium were compared. in the laboratory, the development was shor ... | 1998 | 9846229 |
| [a malarial attack on return from a voyage to the french antilles. discussion of the mode of transmission]. | malaria has been considered to be eradicated from the french west indies for over 25 years. in this report we describe a patient who was hospitalized and successfully treated in paris for severe plasmodium falciparum malaria after returning form a brief trip to guadeloupe. several modes of transmission are possible. given the presence of a reservoir of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the haitian immigrant community and persistent breeding of anopheles albimanus in the french west indies, th ... | 1999 | 10472584 |
| malaria in the limbé river valley of northern haiti: a hospital-based retrospective study, 1975-1997. | in the limbé river valley of northern haiti a retrospective study at the bon samaritain hospital (bsh) determined the total number of cases and the cyclical nature of malaria from 1975 through 1997, examined the relationship between rainfall and malaria from 1975 through 1985, and compared the incidence of malaria at that hospital with general trends for haiti for 1975 through 1996 as reported by the world health organization (who). during 1975-1997, 27,078 positive cases of malaria were diagnos ... | 2000 | 10808749 |
| [malaria in haiti today]. | haiti is the only caribbean island where malaria, practically always due to plasmodium falciparum, persists in an epidemic-endemic state. in 1995 haitian strains of p. falciparum were still sensitive to chloroquine. the principal vector is anopheles albimanus, but the recent introduction in the south of haiti of an. pseudopunctipennis, which is an effective vector of p. falciparum in central america, requires appropriate entomological surveillance. essentially rural and seasonal, malaria is incr ... | 2004 | 15745868 |
| plasmodium malariae in haitian refugees, jamaica. | since 1963, reported malaria transmission in haiti has been restricted to plasmodium falciparum. however, screening of haitian refugees in jamaica in 2004, by microscopic examination, identified p. falciparum, p. vivax, and p. malariae. pcr confirmed the p. malariae and p. falciparum but not p. vivax infections. dna sequencing and rrna gene sequences showed transmission of p. malariae. this report confirms that p. malariae is still being transmitted in haiti. | 2007 | 17553241 |
| a description of malaria-related knowledge, perceptions, and practices in the artibonite valley of haiti: implications for malaria control. | a two-stage cluster survey (n = 200 households) was conducted in the artibonite valley of haiti during the high malaria transmission season in november-december 2006. knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to malaria were obtained from household representatives using a standardized questionnaire. blood drops were obtained on filter paper from all household members more than one month of age (n = 714). determinants of malaria infections and correct malaria-related knowledge were assessed u ... | 2008 | 18256427 |
| prevalence of plasmodium falciparum infection in rainy season, artibonite valley, haiti, 2006. | we conducted a population-based survey to estimate the prevalence of plasmodium falciparum infection among persons older than 1 month in the artibonite valley of haiti during the high malaria transmission season in 2006. results from pcr for 714 persons showed a prevalence of 3.1% for p. falciparum infection. | 2007 | 18257993 |
| chloroquine-resistant haplotype plasmodium falciparum parasites, haiti. | plasmodium falciparum parasites have been endemic to haiti for >40 years without evidence of chloroquine (cq) resistance. in 2006 and 2007, we obtained blood smears for rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) and filter paper blots of blood from 821 persons by passive and active case detection. p. falciparum infections diagnosed for 79 persons by blood smear or rdt were confirmed by pcr for the small subunit rrna gene of p. falciparum. amplification of the p. falciparum cq resistance transporter (pfcrt) g ... | 2009 | 19402959 |
| malaria acquired in haiti - 2010. | on january 12, 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck haiti, which borders the dominican republic on the island of hispaniola. the earthquake's epicenter was 10 miles west of the haiti capital city of port-au-prince (estimated population: 2 million). according to the haitian government, approximately 200,000 persons were killed, and 500,000 were left homeless. malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum infection is endemic in haiti, and the principal mosquito vector is anopheles albimanus, which f ... | 2010 | 20203553 |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) as a complication of malaria infection is rare but with a very high mortality rate. we report the case of a patient who developed high fever, then respiratory distress during a trip to haiti who was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with malaria. during recovery the patient developed ards in the hospital. | 2009 | 20578450 |
| adaptive differentiation of plasmodium falciparum populations inferred from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) conferring drug resistance and from neutral snps. | theoretical and experimental data support the geographic differentiation strategy as a valuable tool for detecting loci under selection. in the context of plasmodium falciparum malaria, few populations have been studied, with limited genomic coverage. | 2010 | 20726766 |
| rapid diagnostic tests for malaria ---haiti, 2010. | plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic to haiti and remains a major concern for residents, including displaced persons, and emergency responders in the aftermath of the january 12, 2010 earthquake. microscopy has been the only test approved in the national policy for the diagnosis and management of malaria in haiti; however, the use of microscopy often has been limited by lack of equipment or trained personnel. in contrast, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) require less equipment or traini ... | 2010 | 21030942 |
| malaria among patients and aid workers consulting a primary healthcare centre in leogane, haiti, november 2010 to february 2011 - a prospective observational study. | plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic in haiti, but epidemiological data are scarce. a total of 61 cases of malaria were diagnosed between november 2010 and february 2011 among 130 haitian patients with undifferentiated fever. three additional cases were diagnosed in expatriates not taking the recommended chemoprophylaxis. no cases were diagnosed among aid workers using chemoprophylaxis. in conclusion, malaria is a significant health problem in leogane, haiti. aid workers and visitors should ... | 2011 | 21489374 |
| multiplex bead assay for serum samples from children in haiti enrolled in a drug study for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis. | abstract. a multiplex bead assay (mba) was used to analyze serum samples collected longitudinally from children enrolled in a drug trial for treatment of filariasis in leogane, haiti. recombinant antigens bm14 and bm33 from brugia malayi, third polar tube protein (ptp3) from encephalitozoon cuniculi, and merozoite surface protein-1(19) (msp-1(19)) from plasmodium falciparum were coupled to carboxylated polystyrene microspheres. igg responses to ptp3 and msp-1(19) were not affected by albendazole ... | 2011 | 21813840 |
| Genetic diversity in the merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 genes of Plasmodium falciparum from the Artibonite Valley of Haiti. | Describing genetic diversity of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite provides important information about the local epidemiology of malaria. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of P. falciparum isolates from the Artibonite Valley in Haiti using the allelic families of merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 genes (msp-1 and msp-2). The majority of study subjects infected with P. falciparum had a single parasite genotype (56% for msp-1 and 69% for msp-2: n=79); 9 distinct msp-1 genotypes wer ... | 2012 | 21982798 |