| prenatal immune hypersensitization to malaria: plasmodium falciparum-specific ige antibody in paired maternal and cord sera from papua new guinea. | in a study of malaria and pregnancy in east sepik province of papua new guinea 45 maternal and cord serum pairs were tested for plasmodium falciparum-specific ige antibody. there were 17 positive sera: 6 cases of maternal serum alone, 5 cases of cord serum alone and 3 pairs of maternal and cord sera. ige antibody positivity rates in the mothers increased with parity, whereas placental parasitaemia rates decreased. cord serum positivity was not affected by parity. immunoblots of the sera revealed ... | 1992 | 1341092 |
| ineffectiveness of amodiaquine against plasmodium falciparum malaria in symptomatic young children living in an endemic malarious area of papua new guinea. | the standard in vivo 7-day test of drug resistance was conducted on 83 children with symptomatic p. falciparum infection, using a full 3-day course of amodiaquine. all children were living in an endemic malarious area of the east sepik province of papua new guinea. analysis of blood amodiaquine levels by an elisa method showed increased blood amodiaquine concentration with progressive days of treatment. by day 7 of the study period parasites had cleared in 68 (82 per cent) of the children while ... | 1991 | 1960777 |
| the epidemiology of malaria in the wosera area, east sepik province, papua new guinea, in preparation for vaccine trials. i. malariometric indices and immunity. | the epidemiological features of malaria were studied through seven community-based surveys in a population of 4000 in the wosera area, east sepik province, papua new guinea. prevalence of parasitaemia (all species, all ages) was 60%. plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species in all surveys (55%), followed by p. vivax (25%) and p. malariae (20%). the highest prevalence for asexual forms of p. falciparum occurred in the 5-9-year age group, whereas p. falciparum gametocytaemia and p. vivax ... | 1995 | 7487223 |
| the epidemiology of malaria in the wosera area, east sepik province, papua new guinea, in preparation for vaccine trials. ii. mortality and morbidity. | malaria mortality and morbidity were studied in a rural population of 4000 in the wosera area, east sepik province, papua new guinea. malaria accounted for 4.9% of the 162 deaths investigated by verbal autopsy and for 12.2% of the 49 deaths assessed through medical records. malaria was the first cause of death in children aged 0.5-4 years. of the 7795 subjects interviewed and bled during six cross-sectional community-based surveys, children of 1-4 years had the highest malaria-related morbidity. ... | 1995 | 7487224 |
| immunoglobulin complex deposits in plasmodium falciparum-infected placentas from malawi and papua new guinea. | term placentas from 35 patients infected with plasmodium falciparum were obtained in malawi in southeast africa and six term placentas from patients infected with p. falciparum were obtained in wewak, papua new guinea, melanesia. the placental tissues were examined by light microscopy and by an immunohistologic method to compare the pathologic changes of placentas in the two malaria-endemic countries. using the number of parasitized red blood cells (prbc) in intervillous spaces, pregnant women f ... | 1993 | 8250097 |
| acquired antibody levels to plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen 1 in residents of a highly endemic area of papua new guinea. | the prevalence and concentration of antibodies to a yeast-expressed n-terminal region (195a) and a baculo-virus-expressed c-terminal region (bvp42) of merozoite surface antigen 1 (msa-1) were measured during a cross-sectional survey in the wosera area of east sepik province, papua new guinea, in order to obtain baseline data on naturally acquired antibody response to this antigen in preparation for a vaccine trial. overall, the seropositivity rate was 78% for 195a and 91% for bvp42. although ant ... | 1995 | 8560539 |
| diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum infection using parasight(r)-f test in blood and urine of papua new guinean children. | rapid, simple, accurate and cheap methods are required for the diagnosis of malaria in endemic areas. the parasight(r)-f test, which is based on qualitative detection by monoclonal antibody of the plasmodium falciparum (pf) histidin-rich protein-ii in the blood, showed promising results. as some antigens of pf have been detected in the urine, we assessed the efficiency of the parasight(r)-f test in the whole blood and in the urine using microscopy and pcr as gold standards. one hundred and twelv ... | 1998 | 9740265 |
| random distribution of mixed species malaria infections in papua new guinea. | plasmodium falciparum (pf), p. vivax (pv), p. malariae (pm), and p. ovale (po) infections are endemic in coastal areas of papua new guinea. here 2,162 individuals living near dreikikir, east sepik province, have been analyzed for complexity of malaria infection by blood smear and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnoses. according to blood smear, the overall prevalence of plasmodium infection was 0.320. most individuals (0.283) were infected with a single species only. the prevalence of mixed s ... | 2000 | 10813477 |
| analysis of sepik populations of papua new guinea suggests an increase of cyp2c19 null allele frequencies during the colonization of melanesia. | the cytochrome p450 (cyp) isozyme cyp2c19 metabolizes clinically important drugs, including the anti-malarial proguanil currently used for multi-drug resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria. cyp2c19 activity varies among geographical regions due to high frequencies of two null alleles (cyp2c19*2/*3) in asian and especially pacific populations. previously, we reported an unprecedentedly high frequency of cyp2c19 poor metabolizers (pm) within populations of vanuatu, which suggested even higher pm ... | 2003 | 14583683 |
| glycophorin c (gerbich antigen blood group) and band 3 polymorphisms in two malaria holoendemic regions of papua new guinea. | the geographic overlap between the prevalence of erythrocyte polymorphisms and malaria endemicity is thought to be an example of natural selection on human populations. in papua new guinea (png), the gerbich-negative phenotype is caused by an exon 3 deletion in the glycophorin c gene (gypcdeltaex3) while heterozygosity for a 27-base pair deletion in the slc4a1 gene (anion exchanger 1 or erythrocyte membrane protein, band 3), slc4a1delta27, results in southeast asian ovalocytosis. two geographica ... | 2004 | 14695625 |
| are insecticide-treated bednets more protective against plasmodium falciparum than plasmodium vivax-infected mosquitoes? | the outcomes of insecticide-treated bednet (itn) interventions for malaria control in papua new guinea tend to suggest a differential protective effect against plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. little is known about the impact of itns on the relative abundance of mosquitoes infected with either p. falciparum or p. vivax. this paper describes the biting cycle of p. falciparum and p. vivax-infected mosquitoes and the impact of an itn intervention on the proportion of mosquitoes infected ... | 2006 | 16504027 |
| rapid selection of dhfr mutant allele in plasmodium falciparum isolates after the introduction of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in combination with 4-aminoquinolines in papua new guinea. | to overcome the declining efficacy of the 4-aminoquinolines in papua new guinea, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sp) was combined with the 4-aminoquinolines as the first line treatment for falciparum malaria since 2000. to assess how this change had affected sp resistant gene polymorphisms, we determined allele frequencies of dhfr and dhps in 113 plasmodium falciparum isolates from wewak, east sepik of papua new guinea in 2002 and 2003. in dhfr, double mutant (acnrnvi) was the predominant allele with ... | 2006 | 16600696 |
| parasitological and clinical efficacy of standard treatment regimens against plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax and p. malariae in papua new guinea. | resistance of plasmodium falciparum (pf) and p. vivax (pv) to standard antimalarials is widespread in papua new guinea (png). the objective of the study was to assess the rate of clinical treatment failure (tf) and parasite resistance to amodiaquine (aq), chloroquine (cq) and quinine+sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (q+sp) for malaria in a rural health centre of the east sepik province. 179 patients presenting with symptoms and signs of malaria and with pf (144 patients), pv (18 patients), p. malariae ... | 2005 | 17212060 |
| low efficacy of amodiaquine or chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine against plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax malaria in papua new guinea. | because of increasing resistance to 4-aminoquinolines in papua new guinea, combination therapy of amodiaquine (aq) or chloroquine (cq) plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) was introduced as first-line treatment against uncomplicated malaria in 2000. the purpose of this study was to monitor in vivo efficacy of the current standard combination therapy against plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax malaria. studies were conducted between 2003 and 2005 in the simbu, east sepik, and madang provinces in pa ... | 2007 | 17984359 |
| glycophorin c delta(exon3) is not associated with protection against severe anaemia in papua new guinea. | the high frequencies of mutant haemoglobin and erythrocyte surface proteins in malaria-endemic regions have indicated that polymorphisms in human genes have been under selection pressure by severe malarial disease. glycophorin c (gypc) is a major surface erythrocyte protein and also a receptor for the plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte-binding antigen 140 (eba-140, also known as baebl). there is no binding to gypc in gerbich-negative (deletion of exon 3 in gypc gene: gypcc delta(exon3)) erythrocy ... | 2008 | 21061946 |