| pfmdr1 and in vivo resistance to artesunate-mefloquine in falciparum malaria on the cambodian-thai border. | artemisinin combination therapies (acts) have recently been adopted as first-line therapy for plasmodium falciparum infections in most malaria-endemic countries. in this study, we estimated the association between artesunate-mefloquine therapy failure and genetic changes in the putative transporter, pfmdr1. blood samples were acquired from 80 patients enrolled in an 2004 in vivo efficacy study in pailin, cambodia, and genotyped for pfmdr1 copy number and haplotype. having parasites with three or ... | 2007 | 17426163 |
| history of malaria treatment as a predictor of subsequent subclinical parasitaemia: a cross-sectional survey and malaria case records from three villages in pailin, western cambodia. | treatment of the sub-clinical reservoir of malaria, which may maintain transmission, could be an important component of elimination strategies. the reliable detection of asymptomatic infections with low levels of parasitaemia requires high-volume quantitative polymerase chain reaction (upcr), which is impractical to conduct on a large scale. it is unknown to what extent sub-clinical parasitaemias originate from recent or older clinical episodes. this study explored the association between clinic ... | 2016 | 27118311 |
| reactive case-detection of malaria in pailin province, western cambodia: lessons from a year-long evaluation in a pre-elimination setting. | as momentum towards malaria elimination grows, strategies are being developed for scale-up in elimination settings. one prominent strategy, reactive case detection (racd), involves screening and treating individuals living in close proximity to passively detected, or "index" cases. this study aims to use racd to quantify plasmodium parasitaemia in households of index cases, and identify risk factors for infection; these data could inform reactive screening approaches and identify target risk gro ... | 2016 | 26931488 |
| efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate for treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in western cambodia. | pyronaridine-artesunate efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria was assessed in an area of artemisinin resistance in western cambodia. this nonrandomized, single-arm, observational study was conducted between 2014 and 2015. eligible patients were adults or children with microscopically confirmed p. falciparum infection and fever. patients received pyronaridine-artesunate once daily for 3 days, dosed according to body weight. the primary outcome was an adequate c ... | 2016 | 26926629 |
| efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in cambodia, 2008 to 2010. | we describe here the results of antimalarial therapeutic efficacy studies conducted in cambodia from 2008 to 2010. a total of 15 studies in four sentinel sites were conducted using dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (dp) for the treatment of plasmodium falciparum infection and chloroquine (cq) and dp for the treatment of p. vivax infection. all studies were performed according to the standard world health organization protocol for the assessment of antimalarial treatment efficacy. among the studies ... | 2013 | 23208711 |
| reduced artemisinin susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum ring stages in western cambodia. | the declining efficacy of artemisinin derivatives against plasmodium falciparum in western cambodia is a major concern. the knowledge gap in the understanding of the mechanisms involved hampers designing monitoring tools. here, we culture-adapted 20 isolates from pailin and ratanakiri (areas of artemisinin resistance and susceptibility in western and eastern cambodia, respectively) and studied their in vitro response to dihydroartemisinin. no significant difference between the two sets of isolat ... | 2013 | 23208708 |
| focused screening and treatment (fsat): a pcr-based strategy to detect malaria parasite carriers and contain drug resistant p. falciparum, pailin, cambodia. | recent studies have shown that plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in pailin province, along the border between thailand and cambodia, have become resistant to artemisinin derivatives. to better define the epidemiology of p. falciparum populations and to assess the risk of the possible spread of these parasites outside pailin, a new epidemiological tool named "focused screening and treatment" (fsat), based on active molecular detection of asymptomatic parasite carriers was introduced in 2010 ... | 2012 | 23049687 |
| artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum in pursat province, western cambodia: a parasite clearance rate study. | artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum has been reported in pailin, western cambodia, detected as a slow parasite clearance rate in vivo. emergence of this phenotype in western thailand and possibly elsewhere threatens to compromise the effectiveness of all artemisinin-based combination therapies. parasite genetics is associated with parasite clearance rate but does not account for all variation. we investigated contributions of both parasite genetics and host factors to the artemisinin-res ... | 2012 | 22940027 |
| hplc analysis of stephania rotunda extracts and correlation with antiplasmodial activity. | stephania rotunda (menispermaceae), a creeper commonly found in the mountainous areas of cambodia, has been mainly used for the treatment of fever and malaria. thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition and antiplasmodial activity of different samples of s. rotunda and compare their antiplasmodial activity with their alkaloid content. sixteen samples from different parts (roots, stem, and tuber) of s. rotunda were collected from four regions of cambodia (battambang, p ... | 2013 | 22566106 |
| intrahost modeling of artemisinin resistance in plasmodium falciparum. | artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria has emerged in western cambodia. resistance is characterized by prolonged in vivo parasite clearance times (pcts) following artesunate treatment. the biological basis is unclear. the hypothesis that delayed parasite clearance results from a stage-specific reduction in artemisinin sensitivity of the circulating young asexual parasite ring stages was examined. a mathematical model was developed, describing the intrahost parasite stage-specific ph ... | 2010 | 21173254 |
| early diagnosis and treatment of falciparum malaria in cambodian trauma patients. | asymptomatically infected patients with falciparum malaria may develop symptomatic malaria infection secondary to injury or surgery. this complication increases the risk for postoperative wound infection and adds to the burden of trauma. the aims of the present study were to investigate the preventive effect of early antimalaria treatment of plasmodium falciparum infected trauma patients, and to study the validity and accuracy of a rapid test to identify those infected. an open, non-randomized, ... | 2009 | 20578447 |
| epidemiology of the emergence and spread of drug-resistant falciparum malaria in south-east asia and australasia. | a review is presented of the development of drug-resistant malaria in païlin on the thai-kampuchean border and its spread to other parts of the region and beyond. resistance of p. falciparum to chloroquine appears to have emerged in this area in the early 1960s and evidence of resistance to the combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine and to the combination of diaphenylsulfone and pyrimethamine came from the same area towards the end of the same decade. the factors leading to the emergence a ... | 1986 | 3543384 |