| biomedical survey in irian jaya (west irian), indonesia. | a biomedical survey was conducted in several areas of irian jaya, indonesia in july 1972 in association with an investigation of reports of a cholera outbreak. stool specimens, blood smears and sera were collected and examined for evidence of parasitic as well as other infectious diseases. a total of 114 stools were examined and the most commonly found intestinal parasites were trichuris trichiura (94%), ascaris lumbricoides (74%), hookworm (58%), entamoeba coli (15%), endolimax nana (8%), entam ... | 1977 | 208184 |
| additional foci of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in east kalimantan and west irian, indonesia. | | 1976 | 797072 |
| chloroquine resistance of plasmodium falciparum in west irian and east kalimantan. | evidence is presented of the chloroquine-resistance in plasmodium falciparum in west irian and east kalimantan as shown by clinical observation and quantitative parasite counts in two patients hospitalized in tokyo where no natural transmission of malaria occurs. the evidence is supported by the determination of plasma chloroquine levels, and in vitro sensitivity tests. the highest plasma level of chloroquine in the patient infected in west irian was 197 ng/ml (fourth treatment) and 435 ng/ml (f ... | 1975 | 1098587 |
| in vitro sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and other antimalarials in east timor and east kalimantan, indonesia. | in indonesia resistance of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine has spread to all provinces except yogyakarta since the first report in 1974. the proportion of resistant cases is relatively low except in irian jaya and east timor. the results of in vitro tests performed in east timor showed 81.0% resistance to chloroquine, 87.5% to amodiaquine, 20.0% to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (s-p), 4.8% to mefloquine, and 100% sensitivity to quinine. the percentage of failures was between 11.1% and 71.4% and ... | 1992 | 1364861 |
| heightened transmission of stable malaria in an isolated population in the highlands of irian jaya, indonesia. | malaria at an elevation of 1,500 meters is uncommon and is usually unstable when it occurs. to confirm reports of a recent increase in transmission of stable malaria in the oksibil valley, which is at an elevation of 1,250-1,500 meters in the jayawijaya mountains of irian jaya, indonesia, five malariometric surveys were conducted in four villages between may 1990 and july 1991. a total of 3,380 blood smears, representative of 1,949 persons, was examined. prevalence rates over the survey period w ... | 1992 | 1524148 |
| prevalence of malaria in native and transmigrant populations. effects of age and history of exposure. | a malaria prevalence study was performed in a village in irian jaya, indonesia, that contains a population of people who have been exposed lifelong to hyperendemic malaria and another population of people who had arrived 18 months previously from areas of very low endemicity. mean spleen sizes correlated positively with prevalence of malaria, not resistance to it. prevalence of sexual and asexual blood stage parasites was higher in transmigrants than in the natives. the data also show that clini ... | 1991 | 1750095 |
| resistance to antimalarials by plasmodium falciparum in arso pir, irian jaya, indonesia. | between 1987 and 1990, susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and to fansidar was measured in vivo in 151 volunteers using the standard 7-day test. all volunteers lived in arso pir, irian jaya. a 25 mg/kg dose of chloroquine base was administered over a three-day period to 92 volunteers positive for p. falciparum rings (greater than 10 rings/200 white blood cells). fifty volunteers (54%) showed results consistent with resistance. twenty-nine were classified rii, and 21 riii. in n ... | 1991 | 1858967 |
| age-dependent acquired protection against plasmodium falciparum in people having two years exposure to hyperendemic malaria. | an epidemiologic study of susceptibility to frequent and high-grade parasitemia by plasmodium falciparum revealed that age-dependent acquired protection developed within a two-year period of exposure to hyperendemic infection pressure. the study was conducted in a single village in northeastern irian jaya, indonesia, where half the residents were native to the province and the other half were transmigrants from areas of java, where there is little or no malaria transmission. five separate measur ... | 1991 | 1867349 |
| evidence for specific suppression of gametocytemia by plasmodium falciparum in residents of hyperendemic irian jaya. | an epidemiologic study of hyperendemic malaria in arso pir, a village in northeastern irian jaya (indonesian new guinea), revealed evidence suggesting suppression of gametocytemia independent of immune control of the asexual parasitemia. a total of 240 people, representing ages between 2 and 60 years, were followed by biweekly blood film examination for 16 weeks beginning in november 1987. two distinct subpopulations were represented--1) life-long residents of irian jaya, and 2) transmigrants fr ... | 1991 | 2012262 |
| rii and riii type resistance of plasmodium falciparum to combination of mefloquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in indonesia. | 2 of 36 plasmodium falciparum infections were resistant (rii and riii) in vivo to the combination of mefloquine (m) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) in jayapura, irian jaya, indonesia. expected absorption of mefloquine and pyrimethamine was confirmed in the one resistant patient from whom sera were available, and the isolate from this patient was sensitive to mefloquine in vitro. only 2 of 41 infections studied at the same time were resistant in vivo to sp. there was no clinical advantage of m ... | 1985 | 2865518 |
| pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine still effective against plasmodium falciparum in jayapura, irian jaya: ri-type resistance in 2 of 18 patients. | the sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum infections to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine was studied in 18 indonesian patients in jayapura, irian jaya. in 16 of the 18 patients parasitaemia was cleared by day 6 and the patients remained without parasitaemia through day 28. two of the 18 patients had late recrudescences consistent with ri-type resistance; one each on days 14 and 21. pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine is still an effective antimalarial for most patients with falciparum malaria in jayapura. | 1987 | 3303484 |
| the micro in vitro test for malaria drug resistance in irian jaya: 28 and 48-hour incubation yield similar probit analysis findings. | | 1985 | 3909558 |
| prolonged incubation improves the micro-scale in-vitro test for drug sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum. | in the standard micro-scale in-vitro test for detecting resistance of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, isolates are incubated for 24-28 h in medium that does not contain serum. the effect of prolonging incubation to 48 h and of adding human ab serum to the culture medium of p falciparum from irian jaya, indonesia was studied. addition of serum was not associated with any advantages or disadvantages. production of schizonts was increased when incubation was prolonged. this facilitated readin ... | 1984 | 6140392 |
| chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum infection from lampung and south sumatra, indonesia. | a report was made of 4 cases of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum infections. the infections, detected in jakarta, were imported from kotabumi, tanjung karang, the island of pidada in the lampung province and from pangkalpinang on the island bangka in the province of south sumatra. treatment with courses of 1500 mg chloroquine base and with increased dosages up to 2250 mg base failed to cure the patients. the chloroquine sensitivity test in vitro was carried out in 3 patients, which sh ... | 1981 | 7020096 |
| randomised placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for prophylaxis of falciparum and vivax malaria. | drug resistance has made malaria prevention difficult and the new agents are too expensive for widespread use. primaquine, an established drug for treatment, is potentially useful for prevention. malaria prophylaxis with primaquine was evaluated in irian jaya during one year in javanese men who were not deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-pd). 126 volunteers were randomised to receive 0.5 mg/kg primaquine base or placebo daily (double-blinded), or 300 mg chloroquine base weekly ( ... | 1995 | 7475658 |
| evidence for anti-plasmodium falciparum antibodies that cross-react with human t-lymphotropic virus type i proteins in a population in irian jaya, indonesia. | this study was performed to demonstrate the presence of anti-plasmodium falciparum antibodies in a population living in irian jaya, indonesia that cross-react with human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) proteins. serum samples from 63 volunteers living in oksibil, a secluded highland valley in irian jaya, were tested for anti-p. falciparum antibodies by an immunofluorescence assay and for anti-htlv-i antibodies by an enzyme immunoassay (eia). all samples were positive for anti-p. falciparum ... | 1994 | 7496910 |
| primaquine for prophylaxis against malaria among nonimmune transmigrants in irian jaya, indonesia. | a comparison of primaquine versus chloroquine for prophylaxis among nonimmune transmigrants from java and bali in the hyperendemic arso region of irian jaya, indonesia was conducted. forty-five subjects received 0.5 mg of primaquine base/kg of body weight every other day, and 54 people in the same village received weekly 5 mg of chloroquine base/kg for 16-19 weeks beginning in december 1992. plasmodium falciparum accounted for 18 of 30 infections with chloroquine, and four of five infections amo ... | 1995 | 7611550 |
| malaria vaccine study site in irian jaya, indonesia: plasmodium falciparum incidence measurements and epidemiologic considerations in sample size estimation. | malaria epidemiologic and entomologic studies were performed during both the high transmission and low transmission seasons to characterize the plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission at a proposed malaria vaccine trial site in irian jaya, indonesia. the study population consisted of two subsets: native irianese men with lifelong exposure to malaria and transmigrants who arrived from a nonmalarious area 2.5 years before the start of the study. all subjects received a radical cure for malaria ... | 1994 | 8116815 |
| allelic variants of the plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen 2 (msa-2) in a geographically restricted area of irian jaya. | blood samples were collected from 12 residents of 4 villages in the oksibil area of irian jaya. eleven patients were positive for plasmodium falciparum infection as evidenced by successful amplification of the msa-2 gene by the polymerase chain reaction. two patients showed evidence of infection by 2 strains of plasmodium falciparum. all msa-2 genes were completely sequenced and all could be assigned to one of the two major allelic families of msa-2, however all msa-2 gene sequences differed fro ... | 1994 | 8183312 |
| age-specific prevalence of plasmodium falciparum among six populations with limited histories of exposure to endemic malaria. | the age-specific prevalence of plasmodium falciparum parasitemia among residents of six villages in northeastern irian jaya, indonesia, has been measured for a period of five years. all study subjects were transmigrants from java living in irian jaya for three weeks to 72 months, depending upon the village and point of measurement. fifteen separate estimates of prevalence were obtained from 4,554 giemsa-stained thick blood films from 91 to 701 people (mean sample size = 304) among the six villag ... | 1993 | 8279639 |
| prevalence of serum antibodies to human t lymphotropic virus-1 in an isolated tribe in the highlands of irian jaya, indonesia. | there have been several recent reports on the high prevalence of serum antibodies to human t lymphotropic virus-1 (htlv-1) in isolated populations residing in the coastal areas and highlands of papua new guinea. in the absence of significant cases of clinical disease, it has been surmised that this reactivity might be the consequence of serologic recognition of yet undefined human retroviruses or parasite antigens. these observations prompted an investigation of the prevalence of anti-htlv-1 ant ... | 1993 | 8447528 |
| malaria transmission by anopheles punctulatus in the highlands of irian jaya, indonesia. | a 21-month (1991-1992) assessment of malaria and the relative contribution of anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis to its transmission was conducted in oksibil, a highland community in irian jaya, indonesia. nearly all (98%) of the 2577 anopheles from indoor or outdoor human-landing collections were an. punctulatus. nineteen (0.75%) of the 2518 an. punctulatus tested were positive when tested for malaria circumsporozoite protein (csp) by elisa: nine (45% of positives) for plasmodium vivax-210 ... | 1996 | 8729625 |
| the age-specific prevalence of plasmodium falciparum in migrants to irian jaya is not attributable to agglutinating antibody repertoire. | previous observations have shown that individuals migrating from a malaria free area to a malaria endemic region in north eastern irian jaya quickly acquire anti-parasite immunity, in an age-dependent manner. sera from migrants and long-term residents in this area were examined for their ability to agglutinate a range of plasmodium falciparum isolates and to disrupt erythrocyte rosettes. antibody responses to merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) and ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) ... | 1997 | 9177578 |
| mefloquine compared with doxycycline for the prophylaxis of malaria in indonesian soldiers. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | mefloquine and doxycycline are the two drugs recommended for prophylaxis of malaria for visitors to areas where plasmodium falciparum is resistant to chloroquine. | 1997 | 9182474 |
| in vivo resistance to chloroquine by plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum at nabire, irian jaya, indonesia. | a survey of resistance to chloroquine by plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum was conducted during may 1995 at three mesoendemic villages 30 km southeast of nabire, near the central northern coast of irian jaya, indonesia. the prevalence of malaria at urusumu (n = 157), margajaya (n = 573), and topo (n = 199) was 18%. 9%, and 9%, respectively, with spleen rates among children of 79%, 10%, and 27%. infected patients among those screened formed a study population of 64 subjects eligible for a 28-day ... | 1997 | 9230793 |
| assessment of age-dependent immunity to malaria in transmigrants. | sixty-six javanese transmigrants moving from java, an area of very low malaria transmission, to irian jaya, an area of high malaria transmission, were monitored to evaluate the effects of exposure to malaria transmission and age on resistance to infection and the induction of humoral immunity. the risk of acquiring plasmodium falciparum parasitemia was not statistically greater in children (5-15 years of age) than in adults (> 15 years of age) during the first 14 months of exposure. however, dur ... | 1997 | 9230797 |
| temporal variation of the merozoite surface protein-2 gene of plasmodium falciparum. | extensive polymorphism of key parasite antigens is likely to hamper the effectiveness of subunit vaccines against plasmodium falciparum infection. however, little is known about the extent of the antigenic repertoire of naturally circulating strains in different areas where malaria is endemic. to address this question, we conducted a study in which blood samples were collected from parasitemic individuals living within a small hamlet in western irian jaya and subjected to pcr amplification using ... | 1998 | 9423864 |
| comparative performance of the parasight f test for detection of plasmodium falciparum in malaria-immune and nonimmune populations in irian jaya, indonesia. | a comparison was made of the performance of the parasight f test (f test) for detection of plasmodium falciparum in blood from malaria-immune (410 native irianese) and nonimmune (369 new transmigrants) populations in irian jaya, indonesia, where malaria is hyperendemic and all four species of human malaria occur. there were highly significant differences between populations in the sensitivity (irianese, 60% versus transmigrants, 84%; p < 0.001) and specificity (irianese, 97% versus transmigrants ... | 1997 | 9509627 |
| age-dependent characteristics of protection v. susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum. | naturally acquired immunity to plasmodium falciparum may be linked to key features of the immune system that change during normal development and ageing. evidence of this was seen in non-immune javanese transmigrants taking up residence in hyperendemic irian jaya, indonesia. after 1-2 years of residence, the adult migrants had less frequent and less intense parasitaemias than their children. splenomegaly and malaria-like symptoms were also less common in the adults. these age-dependent patterns ... | 1998 | 9683890 |
| age-dependent susceptibility to severe disease with primary exposure to plasmodium falciparum. | this study investigated the incidence of severe disease following primary exposure to plasmodium falciparum by nonimmune children and adults in irian jaya, indonesia. four months after arrival, the cross-sectional prevalence of p. falciparum was 72%, and the monthly cumulative incidence of clinical diagnoses of malaria was 81%. delirium or unconsciousness prompted evacuation to the hospital. records of emergency evacuation of persons with a clinical diagnosis of malaria revealed an incidence den ... | 1998 | 9697752 |
| malaria situation in several villages around timika, south central irian jaya, indonesia. | malaria in timika area, south central irian jaya, is a public health problem causing morbidity and mortality, particularly to the vulnerable age group. in august/september 1992 malariometric surveys were conducted simultaneously with sensitivity studies of plasmodium falciparum to antimalarials, and bionomics of vectors in six villages around timika (mwapi, kaugapu, hiripau, pomako, mapurujaya, kwamki lama). the average overall spleen rate was 44.0%, the highest rate observed in kwamki lama (68. ... | 1998 | 9886103 |
| malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in irian jaya, indonesia. | new drugs are needed for preventing drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria. the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against p. falciparum in malaria-immune kenyans was 83%. we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against multidrug-resistant p. falciparum malaria and chloroquine-resistant plasmodium vivax malaria in indonesian adults with limited immunity. after radical cure therapy, 300 randomized subjects received azit ... | 1999 | 10028075 |
| in vivo responses to antimalarials by plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax from isolated gag island off northwest irian jaya, indonesia. | there is renewed interest in the rich nickel and cobalt deposits of pulau gag, an isolated but malarious island off the northwest coast of irian jaya. in preparation for an expanded workforce, an environmental assessment of malaria risk was made, focusing upon malaria prevalence in the small indigenous population, and the in vivo sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax to chloroquine (cq) and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (s/p), the respective first- and second-line drugs for uncomplicated ... | 1999 | 10348226 |
| rare quadruple malaria infection in irian jaya indonesia. | we report an exceptional finding from a blood slide collected in a remote area in the western half of new guinea island (irian jaya province, indonesia). one adolescent patient was found patently coinfected with all 4 known human malaria species, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale. diagnostic erythrocytic stages of all 4 species were clearly seen in the peripheral blood. a nested polymerase chain reaction, using species-specific primer pairs to det ... | 1999 | 10386460 |
| plasmodium falciparum mdr1 mutations and in vivo chloroquine resistance in indonesia. | mutations in the pfmdr1 gene are reported to be associated with chloroquine resistance in some plasmodium falciparum isolates. a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for the detection of pfmdr1 mutations in chloroquine-resistant field isolates of p. falciparum collected in irian jaya. the frequency of pfmdr1 mutations was significantly higher in chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum parasites than background frequencies observed in the same location. t ... | 1999 | 10463673 |
| efficacy of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on malaria control in a hyperendemic area in irian jaya, indonesia: influence of seasonal rainfall fluctuations. | a malaria intervention study was carried out using permethrin impregnated bed nets in the south-central part of irian jaya with perennial transmission, from april 1993 to april 1995. malariometric surveys were carried out periodically for parasite prevalence by species and for spleen rates. prior to intervention, the percentage of plasmodium falciparum infected inhabitants was significantly higher in hiripau, where permethrin-impregnated bed nets were used during the study, than in the placebo-t ... | 1999 | 10774648 |
| hla-dr-promiscuous t cell epitopes from plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic-stage antigens restricted by multiple hla class ii alleles. | previously, we identified and established the antigenicity of 17 cd8+ t cell epitopes from five p. falciparum ags that are restricted by multiple common hla class i alleles. here, we report the identification of 11 peptides from the same ags, cicumsporozoite protein, sporozoite surface protein 2, exported protein-1, and liver-stage ag-1, that bind between at least five and up to 11 different hla-dr molecules representative of the most common hla-dr ags worldwide. these peptides recall lymphoprol ... | 2000 | 10878392 |
| el niño and associated outbreaks of severe malaria in highland populations in irian jaya, indonesia: a review and epidemiological perspective. | perennial malaria is a major public health problem for most coastal, lowland and foothill populations in irian jaya (western new guinea), the largest and easternmost province of indonesia. malaria at higher elevations above 1,500 m is considered intermittent and highly unstable, providing a constant threat of epidemics. beginning in late august 1997, a significant increase of unexplained deaths was reported from the central highland district of jayawijaya. the alarming number of fatalities rapid ... | 1999 | 10928348 |
| mutations in the pfmdr1, dhfr and dhps genes of plasmodium falciparum are associated with in-vivo drug resistance in west papua, indonesia. | this study (conducted in 1996-99) examines the association of mutations in pfmdr1, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes of plasmodium falciparum with in-vivo drug resistance in west papua, indonesia. initially, 85 patients infected with p. falciparum were treated with chloroquine, of whom 21 were cleared of parasites, 49 had parasitaemias classified as ri, rii or riii resistance and 1 patient had recrudescent parasitaemia. fansidar (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine) ... | 2001 | 11280065 |
| performance of the optimal assay for detection and identification of malaria infections in asymptomatic residents of irian jaya, indonesia. | the optimal assay, a new immunochromatographic "dipstick" test for malaria based on detection of plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh), is purported to detect infections of approximately 200 parasites/microl of blood and to differentiate between plasmodium falciparum and non-p. falciparum. we evaluated optimal performance by comparing the test strip interpretations of two independent readers with consensus results obtained independently by expert malaria microscopists. unbiased measures of sen ... | 2000 | 11388505 |
| chloroquine/doxycycline combination versus chloroquine alone, and doxycycline alone for the treatment of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern irian jaya, indonesia. | combination therapy is one method of overcoming the global challenge of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria. we conducted a hospital-based 28-day in vivo test comparing chloroquine/doxycycline to chloroquine or doxycycline alone for treating p. falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria in irian jaya, indonesia. eighty-nine patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomized to standard dose chloroquine (n = 30), doxycycline (100 mg every 12 hours [7 days], n = 20), or chloroqui ... | 2001 | 11463107 |
| therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a randomized trial comparing artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in irian jaya, indonesia. | combining artesunate with existing antimalarial drugs may improve cure rates, delay emergence of resistance, and reduce transmission. we performed a randomized comparative trial to quantify the effect of adding artesunate to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in indonesia. using a modified 1997 world health organization protocol for assessment of therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs, 105 patients (stratified by age/ethnic group) were randomized: ... | 2001 | 11693875 |
| randomized, parallel placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for malaria prophylaxis in papua, indonesia. | malaria causes illness or death in unprotected travelers. primaquine prevents malaria by attacking liver-stage parasites, a property distinguishing it from most chemoprophylactics and obviating 4-week postexposure dosing. a daily adult regimen of 30 mg primaquine prevented malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax for 20 weeks in 95 of 97 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd)-normal javanese transmigrants in papua, indonesia. in comparison, 37 of 149 subjects taking placebo in a pa ... | 2001 | 11712091 |
| assessing the parasight-f test in northeastern papua, indonesia, an area of mixed plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax transmission. | user-friendly, reliable, and inexpensive methods for diagnosing malaria are needed at the primary health care level. during a randomized treatment trial, the parasight-f test was assessed on days 0, 3, 7, and 28 against standard light microscopy of giemsa-stained thick blood smears for diagnosing plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in patients with p. falciparum (n = 84) or p. vivax (n = 59) malaria. the median p. falciparum parasite count on day 0 was 2,373/microl (range = 20-74,432/microl). at t ... | 2002 | 12224568 |
| short report: therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine combined with primaquine against plasmodium falciparum in northeastern papua, indonesia. | chloroquine combined with primaquine was evaluated for therapy of uncomplicated malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum in nonimmune javanese migrants to northeastern papua, indonesia. subjects were randomized to treatment with standard chloroquine therapy (25 mg/kg in 3 doses over the course of 48 hours) with 30 mg primaquine administered daily for 28 days (n = 25) or a placebo of primaquine (n = 28). the 14-day cumulative incidence of therapeutic failure was 56% with primaquine and 79% with pl ... | 2002 | 12224570 |
| randomized, placebo-controlled trial of atovaquone/proguanil for the prevention of plasmodium falciparum or plasmodium vivax malaria among migrants to papua, indonesia. | the increasing prevalence of resistance to antimalarial drugs reduces options for malaria prophylaxis. atovaquone/proguanil (malarone; glaxosmithkline) has been >95% effective in preventing plasmodium falciparum malaria in lifelong residents of areas of holoendemicity, but data from persons without clinical immunity or who are at risk for plasmodium vivax malaria have not been described. we conducted a randomized, double-blinded study involving 297 people from areas of nonendemicity in indonesia ... | 2002 | 12228819 |
| short report: molecular evaluation of the efficacy of chloroquine treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in east timor. | the efficacy of chloroquine treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in east timor was investigated via molecular tools. genotyping of the polymorphic markers msp1 and msp2 was performed to investigate the number and type of parasite alleles in pre- and posttreatment blood samples collected from 48 patients. patients were infected with a minimum of 8 msp1 and 14 msp2 allelic types of parasite, and 43% of the patients had more than one allelic type before treatment. the genotyping ... | 2002 | 12363066 |
| new haplotypes of the plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene among chloroquine-resistant parasite isolates. | mutations in the plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene were examined to assess their associations with chloroquine resistance in clinical samples from armopa (papua) and papua new guinea. in papua, two of the five pfcrt haplotypes found were new: sviet from armopa and cvikt from an isolate in timika. there was also a strong association (p < 0.0001) between the pfcrt 76t allele and chloroquine resistance in 50 samples. in papua new guinea, mutations in the pfcrt ge ... | 2003 | 12875286 |
| very high risk of therapeutic failure with chloroquine for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax malaria in indonesian papua. | chloroquine remains the first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria in indonesia. among a series of trials of chloroquine for malaria on this archipelago conducted since 1990, we now report the highest risk of therapeutic failure yet observed. a clinical trial of standard chloroquine therapy for uncomplicated malaria at arso pir v in northeastern indonesian papua was conducted during 1995. we enrolled 104 non-immune subjects infected with plasmodium falciparum (n = 55), p. vivax (n = 29), or p. ... | 2003 | 12875290 |
| plasmodium falciparum. mechanisms of innate and acquired protection against plasmodium falciparum in javanese transmigrant adults and children newly resident in malaria-endemic northwest papua. | | 2003 | 12916783 |
| age-dependent impairment of igg responses to glycosylphosphatidylinositol with equal exposure to plasmodium falciparum among javanese migrants to papua, indonesia. | immune responses directed at glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchors of plasmodium falciparum may offer protection against symptomatic malaria. to independently explore the effect of age on generation of the anti-gpi igg response, we measured serum anti-gpi iggs in a longitudinal cohort of migrant javanese children (6-12 years old) and adults (> or = 20 years old) with equivalent numbers of exposures to p. falciparum in papua, indonesia. while the peak response in adults was achieved after a ... | 2003 | 12932094 |
| malaria in a cohort of javanese migrants to indonesian papua. | the epidemiology of infection by plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax was investigated among javanese migrants to an endemic region of papua, indonesia. a cohort of 243 migrants from java was followed for malaria in a new settlement village in the endemic armopa area of north-eastern papua, beginning on the day each migrant arrived in the village. the subjects were monitored during home visits (three/week) and by the twice-monthly production of bloodsmears that were checked for malarial parasites. ... | 2003 | 14511552 |
| onset of clinical immunity to plasmodium falciparum among javanese migrants to indonesian papua. | onset of clinical immunity to plasmodium falciparum occurred among javanese migrants to indonesian papua. surveillance of the 243 migrants investigated began on the day of their arrival in indonesian papua and continued for 33 months. asexual parasitaemia without fever constituted objective evidence of clinical immunity. compared with first infection, the odds ratio (or) for not having fever at the fourth infection within 24 months was 3.2 [95% confidence interval (ci)=1.03-10.2; p=0.02]. the co ... | 2003 | 14511553 |
| primary infection by plasmodium falciparum or p. vivax in a cohort of javanese migrants to indonesian papua. | the clinical and parasitological characteristics of the first naturally acquired malarial infection have rarely been documented in humans. when 243 migrants from non-endemic java were followed from the day of their arrival in indonesian papua, 217 (89%) were found to become infected with plasmodium falciparum and/or p. vivax before they were lost to follow-up. the incidence of malarial infection in the children investigated (who were aged 6-10 years) was indistinguishable from that in the adults ... | 2003 | 14511554 |
| short report: polymorphisms in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene in plasmodium falciparum isolates from lombok, indonesia. | the polymorphisms in the plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) and p. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) genes, which are associated with chloroquine resistance, were examined in 48 p. falciparum isolates from uncomplicated malaria patients from the west lombok district in indonesia. the point mutation n86y in pfmdr1 was present in 35.4% of the isolates and mutation k76t in pfcrt was found in all but one of the samples studied. identified pfcrt haplotypes were ... | 2004 | 15238686 |
| novel plasmodium vivax dhfr alleles from the indonesian archipelago and papua new guinea: association with pyrimethamine resistance determined by a saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. | in plasmodia, the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) enzyme is the target of the pyrimethamine component of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (s/p). plasmodium vivax infections are not treated intentionally with antifolates. however, outside africa, coinfections with plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax are common, and p. vivax infections are often exposed to s/p. cloning of the p. vivax dhfr gene has allowed molecular comparisons of dhfr alleles from different regions. examination of the dhfr locus from a fe ... | 2005 | 15673758 |
| lung injury in uncomplicated and severe falciparum malaria: a longitudinal study in papua, indonesia. | in patients with severe malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome usually develops after the start of drug treatment and is a major cause of death. its pathogenesis is not well understood. | 2005 | 16267769 |
| rapid onset of transmission-reducing antibodies in javanese migrants exposed to malaria in papua, indonesia. | transmission of plasmodium falciparum malaria is initiated by sexual stages in the mosquito. anti-pfs48/45 and anti-pfs230 sexual stage antibodies that are ingested together with parasites can reduce parasite development and subsequently malaria transmission. acquisition of sexual stage immunity was studied in a cohort of 102 non-immune javanese individuals migrating to hyperendemic papua indonesia. seroprevalence of antibodies against pfs48/45 and pfs230 and functional transmission-reducing act ... | 2006 | 16525101 |
| mefloquine is highly efficacious against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium vivax malaria and plasmodium falciparum malaria in papua, indonesia. | during the period of 1996-1999, we prospectively monitored 243 javanese adults and children after arriving in papua, indonesia, and microscopically documented each new case of malaria by active surveillance. | 2006 | 16575721 |
| imported malaria in jakarta, indonesia: passive surveillance of returned travelers and military members postdeployment. | autochthonous malaria does not currently occur in jakarta, the most populous city in indonesia. military, forestry, mining, and tourist activities draw jakarta residents to distant parts of the archipelago with high rates of malaria. although malaria is a reportable disease in jakarta, little has been published. | 2006 | 16706946 |
| dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artesunate-amodiaquine: superior efficacy and posttreatment prophylaxis against multidrug-resistant plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria. | antimalarial drug resistance is now well established in both plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. in southern papua, indonesia, where both strains of plasmodia coexist, we have been conducting a series of studies to optimize treatment strategies. | 2007 | 17366451 |
| clinical and pharmacological determinants of the therapeutic response to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for drug-resistant malaria. | dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (dhp) is an important new treatment for drug-resistant malaria, although pharmacokinetic studies on the combination are limited. in papua, indonesia, we assessed determinants of the therapeutic efficacy of dhp for uncomplicated malaria. plasma piperaquine concentrations were measured on day 7 and day 28, and the cumulative risk of parasitological failure at day 42 was calculated using survival analysis. of the 598 patients in the evaluable population 342 had infect ... | 2007 | 17846129 |
| demographic risk factors for severe and fatal vivax and falciparum malaria among hospital admissions in northeastern indonesian papua. | between january 1998 and december 2000, the jayapura provincial public hospital in northeastern indonesian new guinea (papua) admitted 5,936 patients with a diagnosis of malaria. the microscopic diagnosis at admission was plasmodium falciparum (3,976, 67%), plasmodium vivax (1,135, 19%), plasmodium malariae (8, < 1%), and mixed species infections (817, 14%). approximately 9% (367) of patients were classified as having severe malaria (277 p. falciparum, 36 p. vivax, 53 mixed infections, and 1 p. ... | 2007 | 17984364 |
| adverse pregnancy outcomes in an area where multidrug-resistant plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infections are endemic. | plasmodium falciparum infection exerts a considerable burden on pregnant women, but less is known about the adverse consequences of plasmodium vivax infection. | 2008 | 18419439 |
| multidrug-resistant plasmodium vivax associated with severe and fatal malaria: a prospective study in papua, indonesia. | multidrug-resistant plasmodium vivax (pv) is widespread in eastern indonesia, and emerging elsewhere in asia-pacific and south america, but is generally regarded as a benign disease. the aim of the study was to review the spectrum of disease associated with malaria due to pv and p. falciparum (pf) in patients presenting to a hospital in timika, southern papua, indonesia. | 2008 | 18563962 |
| malaria morbidity in papua indonesia, an area with multidrug resistant plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum. | multidrug resistance has emerged to both plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum and yet the comparative epidemiology of these infections is poorly defined. | 2008 | 18673572 |
| changes in the total leukocyte and platelet counts in papuan and non papuan adults from northeast papua infected with acute plasmodium vivax or uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. | there are limited data on the evolution of the leukocyte and platelet counts in malaria patients. | 2008 | 19094197 |
| vivax malaria: a major cause of morbidity in early infancy. | in areas where malaria is endemic, infants aged <3 months appear to be relatively protected from symptomatic and severe plasmodium falciparum malaria, but less is known about the effect of plasmodium vivax infection in this age group. | 2009 | 19438395 |
| greater endothelial activation, weibel-palade body release and host inflammatory response to plasmodium vivax, compared with plasmodium falciparum: a prospective study in papua, indonesia. | pathogenic mechanisms underlying vivax malaria are poorly understood, with few studies comparing endothelial and inflammatory responses with falciparum malaria. in adults with uncomplicated vivax or falciparum malaria, we compared plasma measurements of endothelial weibel-palade body release (angiopoietin-2) and activation (icam-1, e-selectin), as well as selected cytokines. despite a lower median parasite count, angiopoietin-2 concentrations were higher in patients with vivax malaria, compared ... | 2010 | 20497057 |
| coma associated with microscopy-diagnosed plasmodium vivax: a prospective study in papua, indonesia. | coma complicates plasmodium falciparum infection but is uncommonly associated with p. vivax. most series of vivax coma have been retrospective and have not utilized molecular methods to exclude mixed infections with p. falciparum. | 2011 | 21666785 |
| plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity in indonesia in 2010. | malaria control programs require a detailed understanding of the contemporary spatial distribution of infection risk to efficiently allocate resources. we used model based geostatistics (mbg) techniques to generate a contemporary map of plasmodium falciparum malaria risk in indonesia in 2010. | 2011 | 21738634 |
| Highly effective therapy for maternal malaria associated with a lower risk of vertical transmission. | The epidemiology of congenital malaria was investigated in a hospital-based malaria surveillance study in Papua, Indonesia. | 2011 | 21908728 |
| treatment-seeking behaviour and associated costs for malaria in papua, indonesia. | malaria remains a significant public health issue in eastern indonesia, where multidrug resistant plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are highly prevalent. the objective of this study was to describe treatment-seeking behaviour and household costs prior to a change to a unified treatment policy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in mimika district, papua province in 2006. | 2016 | 27821127 |
| behaviour and molecular identification of anopheles malaria vectors in jayapura district, papua province, indonesia. | members of the anopheles punctulatus group dominate papua, indonesia and papua new guinea (png), with a geographic range that extends south through vanuatu. an. farauti and an. punctulatus are the presumed major vectors in this region. although this group of species has been extensively studied in png and the southern archipelagoes within their range, their distribution, ecology and vector behaviours have not been well characterized in eastern indonesia. | 2016 | 27060058 |
| preserved dendritic cell hla-dr expression and reduced regulatory t cell activation in asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax infection. | clinical illness with plasmodium falciparum or plasmodium vivax compromises the function of dendritic cells (dc) and expands regulatory t (treg) cells. individuals with asymptomatic parasitemia have clinical immunity, restricting parasite expansion and preventing clinical disease. the role of dc and treg cells during asymptomatic plasmodium infection is unclear. during a cross-sectional household survey in papua, indonesia, we examined the number and activation of blood plasmacytoid dc (pdc), cd ... | 2015 | 26034211 |
| comparison of rapid diagnostic test plasmotec malaria-3, microscopy, and quantitative real-time pcr for diagnoses of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in mimika regency, papua, indonesia. | the world health organization recommends malaria be diagnosed by standard microscopy or rapid diagnostic test (rdt) before treatment. rdts have been used with greater frequency in the absence of matching blood slide confirmation in the majority of rdt reported cases in mimika regency, papua province, indonesia. given the importance of rdt in current health system as point-of-care tool, careful validation of rdt product performance for providing accurate malaria diagnosis is critical. | 2015 | 25890368 |
| severe malarial thrombocytopenia: a risk factor for mortality in papua, indonesia. | the significance of thrombocytopenia to the morbidity and mortality of malaria is poorly defined. we compared the platelet counts and clinical correlates of patients with and those without malaria in southern papua, indonesia. | 2015 | 25170106 |
| the importance of surveillance for informing pretravel medical advice: imported malaria in new zealand 1997-2009. | malaria has never been endemic in new zealand, and all cases have been diagnosed in international travelers. in this paper, we describe malaria cases reported from 1997 to 2009 and discuss epidemiological changes compared to a previous report from 1980 to 1992. from 1997 to 2009, 666 malaria infections were reported, with 410 cases (61.6%) in travelers aged 20-39 and 133 (20%) in military personnel. infections were caused by plasmodium vivax in 436 cases (72.7%) and plasmodium falciparum in 163 ... | 2014 | 24456029 |
| haemoglobin dynamics in papuan and non-papuan adults in northeast papua, indonesia, with acute, uncomplicated vivax or falciparum malaria. | haemoglobin (hb) recovers slowly in malaria and may be influenced by naturally acquired immunity. hb recovery was compared in malaria immune, indigenous papuan and non-papuan adults with limited malaria exposure. | 2013 | 23777546 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax demonstrate contrasting chloroquine resistance reversal phenotypes. | high-grade chloroquine (cq) resistance has emerged in both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax the aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotypic differences of cq resistance in both of these species and the ability of known cq resistance reversal agents (cqrras) to alter cq susceptibility. between april 2015 and april 2016, the potential of verapamil (vp), mibefradil (mf), l703,606 (l7), and primaquine (pq) to reverse cq resistance was assessed in 46 p. falciparum and 34 p. vivax cli ... | 2017 | 28533239 |