| the clinical and parasitological presentation of plasmodium falciparum malaria in uganda is unaffected by hiv-1 infection. | the relation between plasmodium falciparum malaria and symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) infection was investigated in paediatric and adult patients in kampala, uganda, from 1987 to 1989. both infections contributed largely to hospital morbidity. of 1527 clinically suspicious in-patients, 61% were positive for hiv-1 infection. 52% of patients with positive hiv-1 serology fulfilled the world health organization clinical case definition for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aid ... | 1990 | 2260160 |
| assessment of drug resistance to the malaria parasite in residents of kampala, uganda. | to assess drug-resistance of the malaria parasite in elite residents of kampala city, uganda. | 1999 | 10520345 |
| low birthweight associated with maternal anaemia and plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy, in a peri-urban/urban area of low endemicity in uganda. | a cross-sectional study of pregnant women was conducted at nsambya hospital in kampala, to investigate the prevalence and effect of plasmodium falciparum infections during pregnancy, in a peri-urban/urban location. overall, 544 pregnant women were recruited when they presented at the labour ward for delivery. after giving informed consent, each subject answered a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination, and peripheral-blood samples were obtained. after each uncomplicated delivery, sam ... | 2000 | 10723519 |
| polymorphisms in the plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes and clinical response to chloroquine in kampala, uganda. | the molecular mechanism of chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum remains uncertain. polymorphisms in the pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes have been associated with chloroquine resistance in vitro, although field studies are limited. in evaluations of known polymorphisms in parasites from patients with uncomplicated malaria in kampala, uganda, the presence of 8 pfcrt mutations and 2 pfmdr-1 mutations did not correlate with clinical response to therapy with chloroquine. most notably, the pfcrt ly ... | 2001 | 11294677 |
| predictors of chloroquine treatment failure in children and adults with falciparum malaria in kampala, uganda. | chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria is a serious problem in much of sub-saharan africa. however, it is desirable to continue to use chloroquine as first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria where it remains clinically effective. to identify predictors of chloroquine treatment failure, a 14-day clinical study of chloroquine resistance in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria was performed in kampala, uganda. among the 258 patients (88% follow-up), 47% were clinical failures (early ... | 2000 | 11304055 |
| amodiaquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, and combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in kampala, uganda: a randomised trial. | increasing plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine in sub-saharan africa necessitates use of alternative antimalarial agents. affordable alternative treatments include sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and amodiaquine. combination of antimalarial agents can increase therapeutic efficacy and delay emergence of drug resistance. we compared the efficacy of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, amodiaquine, and an amodiaquine/sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in a reg ... | 2001 | 11502317 |
| antioxidant status and acute malaria in children in kampala, uganda. | although antioxidant status has been implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria, these factors need further characterization. a longitudinal study was conducted involving 273 children 1-10 years of age with acute, uncomplicated malaria in kampala, uganda. plasma vitamin a, carotenoids, and vitamin e were measured at enrollment and on day 7. malaria parasitemia was measured at enrollment, on day 3, and on day 7. malaria parasitemia had completely cleared in 57.1% and 85.3% of children by day 3 and ... | 2001 | 11508384 |
| anemia and interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and erythropoietin levels among children with acute, uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. | anemia is an important complication of malaria, and its pathogenesis is not well understood. to gain insight into potential age-related relationships between tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin 10 (il-10), erythropoietin, and anemia during acute malaria, 273 children of ages 12 to 120 months presenting with acute, uncomplicated malaria in kampala, uganda, were monitored at enrollment and 3 and 7 days later. younger children had higher geometric mean erythropoietin, tnf-alpha, an ... | 2001 | 11687458 |
| resistance patterns of plasmodium falciparum malaria to chloroquine in kampala, uganda. | chloroquine is a first line drug for the treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in uganda. recently, there have been increasing reports of resistance of plasmodium falciparum malaria to chloroquine, as well as an increase in malaria morbidity and mortality among adults and children. | 2002 | 12389954 |
| relationship between carotenoids and anaemia during acute uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in children. | a clinic-based cohort study in kampala, uganda, was conducted to examine the relationship between severe malarial anaemia and plasma micronutrients. plasma carotenoids, retinol, vitamin e, and four trace metal concentrations were measured at enrollment and seven days later in 273 children, aged 1-10 year(s), with acute, uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. concentrations of plasma provitamin a carotenoids (p < 0.0001), non-provitamin a carotenoids (p < 0.0001), retinol (p < 0.0001), all ... | 2002 | 12430756 |
| sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine alone or with amodiaquine or artesunate for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: a longitudinal randomised trial. | new antimalarial treatments are urgently needed in sub-saharan africa. improved therapies should decrease failure rates in the short term, but their effect on incidence of subsequent episodes of malaria is little studied. we aimed to compare the short-term and long-term effectiveness of three antimalarial regimens in children from kampala, uganda. | 2002 | 12504399 |
| distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection in a longitudinal antimalarial drug efficacy study: comparison of results based on genotyping of msp-1, msp-2, and glurp. | genotyping frequently is used to distinguish recrudescent from new infections in antimalarial drug efficacy trials, but methodology and interpretation of results have not been standardized. we compared the utility of polymorphisms within 3 plasmodium falciparum genes during a longitudinal trial in kampala, uganda. merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) and merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2) revealed greater diversity than glutamate-rich protein. genotypes based on msp-1, msp-2, and all 3 genes com ... | 2003 | 12641400 |
| plasmodium malariae in ugandan children. ii. malaria parasites in children at mulago hospital in kampala. | | 1963 | 14044738 |
| validation of a simplified method for using molecular markers to predict sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failure in african children with falciparum malaria. | surveillance of molecular markers for key mutations in plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) has been proposed as a means of predicting sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine (sp) treatment outcomes in africa. this study assessed the association between dhfr and dhps mutations and standardized clinical outcomes in children treated with sp for uncomplicated malaria in kampala, uganda. two mutations (dhfr asn-108 and ile-51) were too common to be useful pre ... | 2003 | 14628939 |
| molecular evaluation of the natural history of asymptomatic parasitemia in ugandan children. | we assessed the prevalence and natural history of malarial parasitemia by use of microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 314 asymptomatic children in kampala, uganda. the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia was 17% by microscopy and 47% by pcr. children with parasitemia identified by microscopy had a 5-fold higher rate of subsequent symptomatic malaria, compared with children without detectable parasitemia. children with parasitemia identified by pcr alone had a similar rate of subs ... | 2004 | 15181569 |
| combination treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in kampala, uganda: randomised clinical trial. | plasmodium falciparum resistance has rendered chloroquine monotherapy ineffective in much of africa, but data on alternative regimens are limited. we compared chloroquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and amodiaquine+artesunate for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in kampala, uganda. | 2004 | 15567011 |
| the impact of age, temperature, and parasite density on treatment outcomes from antimalarial clinical trials in kampala, uganda. | antimalarial drug treatment policy in sub-saharan africa is generally guided by the results of clinical drug efficacy studies in patients with uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. the selection criteria used to enroll these patients often vary and may have a significant impact on treatment outcomes. in kampala, uganda, we investigated the impact of age, baseline temperature, and pre-treatment parasite density on estimates of treatment efficacy using a statistical modeling approach in 2,1 ... | 2004 | 15569778 |
| principal role of dihydropteroate synthase mutations in mediating resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in single-drug and combination therapy of uncomplicated malaria in uganda. | antimalarial resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) is mediated by mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes. however, the relative importance of different mutations is incompletely understood and has not been studied with combination therapy. samples from 812 patients treated for uncomplicated malaria in kampala, uganda were tested for the presence of mutations commonly found in africa. the dhps glu-540 mutation was the strongest independent ... | 2004 | 15642967 |
| short report: dynamics of plasmodium falciparum malaria after sub-optimal therapy in uganda. | we followed parasite genotypes of 75 patients for 42 days after treatment of uncomplicated malaria with chloroquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in kampala, uganda. infections were complex (mean, 2.88 strains) and followed three patterns: 27% of patients eliminated all strains and remained parasite-free, 48% had a long aparasitemic interval followed by reappearance of original strains after 3-33 days (mean, 9.2 days), and 25% failed to clear original strains and required therapy after 3-35 days ( ... | 2006 | 16687676 |
| combination therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in ugandan children: a randomized trial. | combination therapy is now widely advocated as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in africa. however, it is not clear which treatment regimens are optimal or how to best assess comparative efficacies in highly endemic areas. | 2007 | 17519410 |
| comparison of hrp2- and pldh-based rapid diagnostic tests for malaria with longitudinal follow-up in kampala, uganda. | presumptive treatment of malaria results in significant overuse of antimalarials. malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) may offer a reliable alternative for case management, but the optimal rdt strategy is uncertain. we compared the diagnostic accuracy of histidine-rich protein 2 (hrp2)- and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh)-based rdts, using expert microscopy as the gold standard, in a longitudinal study of 918 fever episodes over an 8-month period in a cohort of children in kampala, ugan ... | 2007 | 17556616 |
| rectal versus intravenous quinine for the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria in kampala, uganda: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. | although artemesinin derivatives are promising for the treatment of severe plasmodium falciparum malaria, intravenous quinine remains the most affordable treatment. however, administration of intravenous quinine is often not feasible in rural areas in africa because of the lack of simple equipment or trained staff. we compared the efficacy and safety of intrarectal quinine with those of intravenous quinine in the treatment of childhood cerebral malaria. | 2007 | 17990227 |
| inpatient mortality in children with clinically diagnosed malaria as compared with microscopically confirmed malaria. | inpatient treatment for malaria without microscopic confirmation of the diagnosis occurs commonly in sub-saharan africa. differences in mortality in children who are tested by microscopy for plasmodium falciparum infection as compared with those not tested are not well characterized. | 2008 | 18316995 |
| performance of a prototype malaria rapid diagnostic test versus thick film microscopy among hiv-positive subjects in rural rakai, uganda. | in this study, we report the performance of a prototype malaria rapid diagnostic test, malaria f-test (mft), compared with thick blood films from hiv-positive ugandans undergoing malaria testing. in total, 21/154 samples (13.6%) were concordantly positive by both thick film and mft and 129/154 samples (83.8%) were concordantly negative; 1 sample (0.6%) was thick film-positive but mft-negative and 3 samples (1.9%) were thick film-negative but mft-positive. the sensitivity of mft was 95.5% (95% ci ... | 2010 | 19765788 |
| in vitro sensitivities of plasmodium falciparum to different antimalarial drugs in uganda. | the control of malaria is challenged by resistance of plasmodium falciparum to multiple drugs. new combination regimens are now advocated for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but the extent of resistance to newer agents is incompletely understood. we measured the in vitro sensitivity of p. falciparum parasites cultured from children enrolled in a drug efficacy trial in kampala, uganda, from 2006 to 2008. sensitivities were measured by comparing levels of histidine-rich protein- ... | 2010 | 20065051 |
| effect of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole on the risk of malaria in hiv-infected ugandan children living in an area of widespread antifolate resistance. | daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (ts) protects against malaria, but efficacy may be diminished as anti-folate resistance increases. this study assessed the incidence of falciparum malaria and the prevalence of resistance-conferring plasmodium falciparum mutations in hiv-infected children receiving daily ts and hiv-uninfected children not taking ts. | 2010 | 20573194 |
| ultrasound findings in plasmodium falciparum malaria: a pilot study. | to investigate whether hand-carried ultrasound technology may be valuable in the assessment of children with acute malaria. every year, approximately 800,000 children under the age of 5 yrs die of complications of plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. the advent of hand-carried ultrasound technology has made diagnostic ultrasonography possible in underresourced settings. | 2010 | 20581730 |
| health care related factors associated with severe malaria in children in kampala, uganda. | severe malaria is responsible for the high load of malaria mortality. it is not clearly understood why some malaria episodes progress to severe malaria. | 2009 | 20589153 |
| incidence of malaria and efficacy of combination antimalarial therapies over 4 years in an urban cohort of ugandan children. | combination therapies are now recommended to treat uncomplicated malaria. we used a longitudinal design to assess the incidence of malaria and compare the efficacies of 3 combination regimens in kampala, uganda. | 2010 | 20689585 |
| combined measurement of soluble and cellular icam-1 among children with plasmodium falciparum malaria in uganda. | intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) is a cytoadhesion molecule implicated in the pathogenesis of plasmodium falciparum malaria. elevated levels of soluble icam-1 (sicam-1) have previously been reported with increased malaria disease severity. however, studies have not yet examined both sicam-1 concentrations and monocyte icam-1 expression in the same cohort of patients. to better understand the relationship of soluble and cellular icam-1 measurements in malaria, both monocyte icam-1 expre ... | 2010 | 20712868 |
| limited ability of plasmodium falciparum pfcrt, pfmdr1, and pfnhe1 polymorphisms to predict quinine in vitro sensitivity or clinical effectiveness in uganda. | quinine is a standard drug for treating severe malaria in africa, and it is also increasingly used to treat uncomplicated disease. however, failures of quinine therapy are common, and it is unknown if failures in africa are due to drug resistance. recent studies have identified associations between in vitro quinine sensitivity and polymorphisms in genes encoding putative transporters, including well-described polymorphisms in pfcrt and pfmdr1 and varied numbers of dnnnd or ddnhndnhnnd repeats in ... | 2010 | 21078941 |
| antibodies to plasmodium falciparum antigens predict a higher risk of malaria but protection from symptoms once parasitemic. | (see the article by bejon et al, on pages 9-18, and bousema et al, on pages 1-3.) background. associations between antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens and protection against symptomatic malaria have been difficult to ascertain, in part because antibodies are potential markers of both exposure to p. falciparum and protection against disease. methods. we measured igg responses to p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein, liver-stage antigen 1, apical-membrane antigen 1 (ama-1), and ... | 2011 | 21628654 |