| therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine against uncomplicated, plasmodium falciparum malaria in south-western saudi arabia. | the results of annual random screening indicated that plasmodium falciparum strains showing chloroquine (cq) resistance in vitro became increasingly common in the jazan region of south-western saudi arabia between 1986 and 1998 (chi(2) for trend = 50.027; p < 0.001). this worrying trend and the emergence of a micro-epidemic in 1997-1998 prompted an assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of cq against uncomplicated, p. falciparum malaria in the area. the in-vivo testing of sensitivity to cq was c ... | 2001 | 11784431 |
| detection of drug resistance markers for chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in jazan area, saudi arabia using pcr and restriction digestion. | nested pcr and restriction analysis were used to detect mutations at codon 76 of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene (pfcrt) and codon 59 of dihydrofolate reductase gene (dhfr) that indicate chloroquine (cq) and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (pyr-sdx) resistance respectively. p. falciparum isolates from malaria-endemic area of jazan showed cq resistance rate (89.5%), the highest percentage of chloroquine resistance ever recorded in saudi arabia. one the other hand, 10.5% of ... | 2007 | 17580565 |
| anemia, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and erythropoietin levels in children with acute, complicated and uncomplicated malignant malaria in jazan, saudi arabia. | to gain insight into potential relationships between tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin 10 (il-10), erythropoietin (epo), and anemia in acute malaria, 90 children 3 to 11 years with acute malaria were studied. according to parasitemia and hemoglobin levels, they were divided into 3 groups: g1 (mild): asexual low-density plasmodium falciparum parasitemia <8000 parasites/ul and hemoglobin levels >8g/dl. g2 (high-density uncomplicated): asexual high-density parasitemia (>8000 para ... | 2008 | 18853611 |
| molecular surveillance of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter variant t76 in jazan area, kingdom of saudi arabia. | the development of chloroquine as an antimalarial drug and the subsequent evolution of drug resistant plasmodium strains had major impacts on global public health in the 20th century. in p. falciparum, the cause of the most lethal human malaria, chloroquine resistance is linked to multiple mutations in pfcrt, a protein that likely functions as a transporter in the parasite's digestive vacuole membrane. rapid diagnostic assays for pfcrt mutations are already employed as surveillance tools for dru ... | 2009 | 19795757 |
| the changing malaria landscape in aseer region, kingdom of saudi arabia: 2000-2015. | in 2004, a revised action plan was developed, supported by the world health organization, to eliminate malaria from saudi arabia by preventing re-introduction of malaria into regions since declared malaria free, eliminating foci of transmission in the mecca and medina areas and a concerted effort of foci surveillance and control, to eliminate malaria from the regions of jazan and aseer. this paper provides the context, activities, progress, and possible contributions toward malaria elimination i ... | 2016 | 27821186 |
| distribution of drug resistance genotypes in plasmodium falciparum in an area of limited parasite diversity in saudi arabia. | two hundred and three plasmodium falciparum isolates from jazan area, southwest saudi arabia, were typed for pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhps, and dhfr mutations associated with resistance to chloroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, artemisinin, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the neutral polymorphic gene pfg377. a large proportion (33%) of isolates harbored double mutant dhfr genotype (51i,59c,108n). however, only one isolate contained mutation dhps-437g. for pfcrt, almost all examined isolates (163; 99%) harb ... | 0 | 22556074 |
| genetic diversity in the msp-1 and msp-2 alleles among plasmodium falciparum field isolates from jazan, saudi arabia. | the genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum infections in human is associated with the pathogenesis of malaria. it is commonly determined through amplification of the polymorphic regions of the merozoite surface proteins -1 (msp-1) and -2 (msp-2) genes. this study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of the msp-1 and msp-2 allelic familiesand (2) identify the multiplicity of infection (moi) in p. falciparum field isolates from the jazan region in the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa). blood samp ... | 2015 | 26012235 |
| source of drug resistant plasmodium falciparum in a potential malaria elimination site in saudi arabia. | a major challenge to the success of malaria control program in saudi arabia is the high influx of expatriates and holy visitors from malaria endemic countries. in the present study we examined whether drug resistant parasite genotypes reported in jazan region, southwest of saudi arabia are imported or developed locally. we examined 178 plasmodium falciparum isolates for alleles of dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) r ... | 2012 | 22709478 |