| the etiology of early childhood diarrhea: a community study from guinea-bissau. | a potential enteropathogen was found in 50% of 1219 diarrheal episodes and 48% of 511 asymptomatic controls in a 1-year community study of childhood diarrhea. rotavirus (3% of episodes), cryptosporidium species (6%), and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) with epec adherence factor (4%) were more prevalent in cases than controls. giardia lamblia (19%) was the most prevalent organism but was not associated with diarrhea. enterotoxigenic e. coli (12%), strongyloides stercoralis (5%), shigell ... | 1994 | 8158030 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated during cholera outbreaks in guinea-bissau. | in the present study, 19 strains of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor isolated during outbreaks of cholera in guinea-bissau in 1987, 1994, and 1995 were characterized to investigate a possible epidemiological relationship among the isolates. on the basis of ribotyping with the restriction enzyme bgli, 5 strains isolated in 1987 showed two closely related ribotypes, while 14 strains isolated in 1994 and 1995 showed the same ribotype that was distinct from the ribotypes of strains isolated in 1987 ... | 1996 | 8727901 |
| antimicrobial activity of terminalia macroptera root. | terminalia macroptera guill et perr. (combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in guinea-bissau and other west african countries to treat infectious diseases. the ethanol extract from t. macroptera decorticated root and their liquid-liquid partition fractions, were screened for antimicrobial activity, by the twofold serial microdilution assay against seven reference bacterial strains and against candida albicans. the extract and fractions showed some activity against at least one of the test micr ... | 1997 | 9292414 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of vibrio cholerae isolates from a recent cholera outbreak in senegal: comparison with isolates from guinea-bissau. | a total of 127 strains of vibrio cholerae (117 v. cholerae o1 and 10 nonagglutinating strains) isolated from a recent cholera outbreak in senegal and four strains isolated in guinea-bissau (during the survey of a cholera epidemic that occurred 10 months before the senegalese one) were analyzed. strains were characterized by conventional methods (biochemical and serologic identification, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents), polymerase chain reaction for genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxa), zo ... | 1998 | 9502599 |
| molecular evidence that a distinct vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strain in calcutta may have spread to the african continent. | we present molecular evidence that a distinct genotype of vibrio cholerae o1 which appeared in calcutta, india, in september 1993 and which is characterized by a unique ribotype that is not found in the standardized ribotyping scheme of v. cholerae and that shows a specific pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile may have spread to the west african country of guinea-bissau where it was responsible for an epidemic of cholera which began in october 1994 and continued into 1996. | 1998 | 9508329 |
| a lime in a litre rapidly kills toxogenic vibrio cholerae o1. | | 1998 | 9803858 |
| first do no harm: making oral rehydration solution safer in a cholera epidemic. | oral rehydration solution (ors) is lifesaving therapy for cholera and pediatric diarrhea. during a cholera epidemic in guinea-bissau, we evaluated the microbiologic quality of ors prepared at a hospital and tested a simple intervention using special vessels for disinfecting tap water with bleach and for preparing, storing, and dispensing ors. few coliform bacteria and escherichia coli were recovered from tap water; however, pre-intervention ors contained numerous bacteria including e. coli and t ... | 1999 | 10403342 |
| epidemic cholera in guinea-bissau: the challenge of preventing deaths in rural west africa. | an epidemiologic investigation was conducted to identify factors associated with cholera mortality in a rural african setting and interventions likely to prevent deaths in future epidemics. | 2000 | 10689208 |
| protection from cholera by adding lime juice to food - results from community and laboratory studies in guinea-bissau, west africa. | epidemiological studies have shown that food plays an important role in the transmission of vibrio cholerae, and different foods have been incriminated in many epidemic outbreaks of cholera. storing contaminated meals at ambient temperatures allows growth of v. cholerae. some ingredients such as lime juice may inhibit the survival of v. cholerae in foods. during an epidemic caused by v. cholerae o1 in guinea-bissau in 1996, a case control study was conducted in the capital bissau, the main affec ... | 2000 | 10929141 |
| class 1 integron-borne, multiple-antibiotic resistance encoded by a 150-kilobase conjugative plasmid in epidemic vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in guinea-bissau. | in the 1996-1997 cholera epidemic in guinea-bissau, surveillance for antimicrobial resistance showed the emergence of a multidrug-resistant strain of vibrio cholerae o1 during the course of the epidemic. the strain was resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, furazolidone, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole. concomitant with the emergence of this strain, we observed a resurgence in the number of registered cholera cases as well as an increase in the case fatality rat ... | 2000 | 11015401 |
| breast milk reduces the risk of illness in children of mothers with cholera: observations from an epidemic of cholera in guinea-bissau. | a protective effect of breastfeeding against cholera has been demonstrated in areas endemic of cholera. to assess the protection offered by breast milk from mothers living in an area that had been free from cholera for 7 years, we investigated mothers with cholera and their children during an epidemic with vibrio cholerae el tor in the capital of guinea-bissau. | 2006 | 17133163 |
| field evaluation of crystal vc rapid dipstick test for cholera during a cholera outbreak in guinea-bissau. | to evaluate performance characteristics and ease of use of the new commercially available crystal vc rapid dipstick (vc) test (span diagnostics, india) for vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | 2009 | 19624473 |
| cholera epidemic in guinea-bissau (2008): the importance of "place". | as resources are limited when responding to cholera outbreaks, knowledge about where to orient interventions is crucial. we describe the cholera epidemic affecting guinea-bissau in 2008 focusing on the geographical spread in order to guide prevention and control activities. | 2011 | 21572530 |