| emerging & re-emerging bacterial pathogens in india. | in spite of major successes against infectious diseases in the 20th century, new infectious diseases have emerged and old ones re-emerged in recent decades in different parts of the world. a brief survey of emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases of public health importance in india is presented in this paper. plague re-appeared in two outbreaks in maharashtra and gujarat in 1994, indicating a breakdown of the public health measures that had prevented its occurrence for several decades. lept ... | 1996 | 8926026 |
| in vitro susceptibility of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strains associated with an outbreak of cholera in kerala, southern india. | | 2001 | 11222575 |
| cholera in kerala. | | 2005 | 15695877 |
| characterization of the genetic background of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor serotype inaba strains isolated in trivandrum, southern india. | isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor serotype inaba associated with an outbreak of cholera in trivandrum, southern india, were characterized. pcr testing revealed that all five isolates examined carried the tcp pathogenicity island, the ctx genetic element and the rtx toxin, and produced cholera toxin (ct). rflp analysis revealed that these inaba isolates possessed a single copy of the ctx element flanked by two tandemly arranged copies of the rs element upstream of the core region. the ... | 2007 | 17244810 |
| detection of virulence genes in vibrio cholerae isolated from aquatic environment in kerala, southern india. | vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of cholera. it is an autochthonous inhabitant of all aquatic environments. the virulence of v. cholerae is maintained by the ctx genetic element and tcpa gene. in the present investigation, environmental strains of v. cholerae isolated from different aquatic biotopes in kerala were identified and serotyped. the antibiotic resistance pattern and presence of virulence and regulatory genes were examined. we found the presence of toxigenic non-o1/non-o139 strai ... | 2008 | 18401561 |
| multiresistant vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 from waters in south india: resistance patterns and virulence-associated gene profiles. | from different aquatic locations in alleppey district, kerala, south india a number (n = 36) of multiresistant non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae strains were isolated. water samples were filtered through 0.22 mum membrane filters, enriched in alkaline peptone water and plated onto thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (tcbs) agar. the isolates were resistance to cefotaxime (50%), nalidixic acid (44.4%), streptomycin and tetracycline (41.6%), trimethoprim (38.8%), co-trimoxazole (33.3%), furazolidone ... | 2009 | 19810041 |
| characterization of an sxt variant vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa isolated from a patient in trivandrum, india. | the emerging multiple drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is complicating the treatment of diseases and hence is a major public health concern. in the present study, vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa isolated from a patient was examined for antibiotic susceptibility pattern, presence of sxt and its transmissibility, associated drug resistance genes and variation in the int gene and the attp attachment site of sxt. the strain showed resistance to ampicillin, polymixin b, co-trimoxazole, trimetho ... | 2010 | 20030727 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae o139 belonging to multiple ribotypes and isolated from diarrhoeal patients in kerala, southern india. | twenty-four vibrio cholerae o139 strains isolated from kerala, southern india were characterized by pcr, ctx typing and ribotyping; all of which, except three strains, carried the core of the ctx genetic element, colonization-toxin co-regulated pilus, the adherence outer membrane protein, haemolysin, central regulatory protein encoded toxr, sxt genetic element, and produced cholera toxin and biofilm. results of rflp analysis revealed twenty-one of the o139 strains possess two copies of ctxφ and ... | 2011 | 21211572 |
| classical ctxb gene in vibrio cholerae o1 and o56 serogroups from kerala, south india. | | 2011 | 21212148 |
| distribution of potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria in coastal sea waters along the southern kerala coast, india. | this study evaluated the relationship between the traditional indicators of faecal pollution, total coliforms (tc), faecal coliforms (fc) and faecalstreptococci (fs), and the presence of few potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria, vibrio cholerae (vc), vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp), shigella spp. (sh) and salmonella spp. (sl) in coastal sea water. the distributional statuses of these bacteria were also studied along the southern kerala coast. cluster analyses were done to identify similar groups ... | 2012 | 23033645 |
| cholera vaccine: new preventive tool for endemic countries. | cholera is a major global public health problem and remains an important threat in almost every developing country, especially in areas where population overcrowding and poor sanitation are common, such as slums and refugee camps. cholera is one of the most dreaded diseases in the world, in some cases leading to death within 24 h if left untreated. without treatment, severe infection has a mortality rate of 30-50%. in 2007, who recorded 177,963 cholera cases and 4,031 deaths worldwide. however, ... | 2012 | 22634452 |