| [comparative characteristics of influenza virus a/ussr/02/76 and swine influenza virus]. | comparative studies of the biological properties, antigenic structure and ultrastructure of influenza a viruses isolated in the ussr, a/new jersey/8/76 and a/swine/31 were carried out. antigenic differences between a/ussr/02/76 and a/swine/31 strains as well as a/new jersey/8/76 strain were found in the hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase activity-inhibition tests. these differences were confirmed by serological examination of human sera. | 1977 | 71790 |
| immunization against swine influenza in the yale university community. | | 1978 | 210597 |
| swine influenza a at fort dix, new jersey (january-february 1976). iv. summary and speculation. | influenza a/new jersey/76 virus was detected at fort dix from january 19 through february 9, 1976 and infected at least 230 military personnel. thirteen hospital admissions for acute respiratory disease were associated with influenza a/new jersey infection, and additional members of index training companies may have been hospitalized with influenza a/new jersey. this virus was likely introduced into the reception center by an incoming trainee. although our studies could not eliminate the possibi ... | 1977 | 342615 |
| swine influenza a at fort dix, new jersey (january-february 1976). i. case finding and clinical study of cases. | after the isolation of a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1) influenza virus from five soldiers at fort dix, new jersey, case finding was initiated by obtaining specimens for viral isolation from 95 patients with acute respiratory disease and determining antibody to influenza a/mayo clinic/103/74 (hsw1n1) antigen in paired sera from 74 soldiers who had been hospitalized with acute respiratory disease. influenza a/new jersey virus was not isolated, but serologic studies identified eight additional soldiers as ... | 1977 | 606759 |
| [a/new jersey/76 influenza virus endemic in swine?]. | | 1976 | 964155 |
| [possible significance of human patients with "swine" influenza virus in january-february,1976 at fort dix, new jersey, usa, and theories concerning the cause of deaths in the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919]. | | 1976 | 1024248 |
| lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae): a biological vector of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsnj) is enzootic on ossabaw island, georgia. lutzomyia shannoni is the only phlebotomine sand fly present on the island and there is strong evidence that it is a vector of the virus at this site. this overview summarizes the studies that have been done on the island, reviews the evidence which confirms that l. shannoni is a biological vector of vsnj, and discusses remaining unknown aspects of the epizootiology of vsnj. | 1991 | 1668681 |
| reassessment of the association between guillain-barré syndrome and receipt of swine influenza vaccine in 1976-1977: results of a two-state study. expert neurology group. | although the original centers for disease control study of the relation between a/new jersey/8/76 (swine flu) vaccine and guillain-barré syndrome (polyradiculoneuritis) demonstrated a statistical association and suggested a causal relation between the two events, controversy has persisted. to reassess this association, the authors obtained medical records of all previously reported adult patients with guillain-barré syndrome in michigan and minnesota from october 1, 1976 through january 31, 1977 ... | 1991 | 1851395 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and influenza vaccination in the us army, 1980-1988. | an increased incidence of guillain-barré syndrome (polyradiculoneuritis) occurred in individuals who received the a/new jersey (swine) influenza vaccine in 1976-1977. a retrospective study encompassing the years 1980-1988 was conducted to determine if the us army's mass influenza vaccination program has been associated with an increased incidence of guillain-barré syndrome in active duty soldiers during the study years. no temporally related increase in guillain-barré syndrome was found during t ... | 1991 | 2028981 |
| genetic diversity of enzootic isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey. | the rna genomes of 43 vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) isolates of the new jersey (nj) serotype were t1-ribonuclease fingerprinted to compare the extent of genetic diversity of virus from regions of epizootic and enzootic disease activity. forty of these viruses were obtained from central america during 1982 to 1985. the other three were older isolates, including a 1970 isolate from culex nigripalpus mosquitos in guatemala, a 1960 bovine isolate from panama, and a 1976 isolate from mosquitos (ma ... | 1988 | 2891861 |
| enzootic vesicular stomatitis new jersey type in an insular feral swine population. | free-ranging feral swine from ossabaw island, chatham county, georgia, were serially bled and tested for vesicular stomatitis new jersey type serum neutralizing antibody to determine the intensity and progression of annual vesicular stomatitis activity. from november 21, 1981 to october 11, 1982, and from march 15, 1983 to october 14, 1983, 307 and 340 swine were sampled, respectively. seroconversions were initially detected during the first week of june and continued into september in both 1982 ... | 1985 | 2996331 |
| characterization of new jersey vesicular stomatitis virus isolates from horses and black flies during the 1982 outbreak in colorado. | vesicular stomatitis viruses isolated from horses, afflicted during the recent outbreak in the western united states, and from black flies (simuliidae) were characterized with respect to the homology of their genomic rnas and the mobility of their proteins in polyacrylamide gels. all the isolates were very similar, if not identical, with respect to these two parameters. when the black fly isolate was compared to other vsv isolates, this virus appeared to belong in the hazelhurst subgroup of the ... | 1985 | 2997995 |
| antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus in populations of feral swine in the united states. | from 1979 to 1985, 941 feral swine (sus scrofa) from 53 locations in 15 states were serologically tested for antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). antibodies to new jersey serotype vsv were present in 75 swine from five locations in arkansas, florida, georgia, and louisiana. within these populations, antibody prevalences ranged from 10 to 100%. no antibodies to indiana serotype were detected. | 1986 | 3016348 |
| bioavailability and cytochrome p-450 induction from 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin contaminated soils from times beach, missouri, and newark, new jersey. | bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) from contaminated soils from times beach, missouri and newark, new jersey, was examined using liver concentrations and toxicity in guinea pigs observed up to 60 days following a single oral administration, and induction of cytochrome p-450 in rats sacrificed 24 hours after a single oral dose as endpoints. both soils are contaminated with several chlorinated dioxins and numerous other compounds. times beach soil resulted in greater tcd ... | 1988 | 3243188 |
| guillain-barré syndrome. clinicoepidemiologic features and effect of influenza vaccine. | a study of the epidemiologic and clinical features of guillain-barré syndrome in the population of olmsted county, minnesota, over the 46-year period 1935 through 1980 was conducted through the centralized diagnostic index maintained at mayo clinic, rochester, minn. a total of 48 cases were identified, giving an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 1.8 per 100,000 person-years. the rate increased over time from 1.2 in the interval 1935 through 1956 to 2.4 in the interval 1970 through 1980. males w ... | 1985 | 4051833 |
| coronary, aortic and cerebral atherosclerosis in swine of 3 age-groups: implications. | coronary, aortic and intercranial atherosclerosis has been compared in swine maintained under the following conditions: (1) adequate food and housing but animals held in test social situations for 1 year; postmortem examination at ages of 13 to 15 months; (2) food and management designed for high productivity; postmortem examination at ages of 6 to 9 years; (3) an outdoor system of husbandry and a cooked garbage diet; postmortem examination at ages of 8 to 14 years.extramural coronary, aortic an ... | 1970 | 5310139 |
| guillain-barré syndrome in recipients of a/new jersey influenza vaccine. | in late 1976, when 32% of the eligible population of ohio received the a/new jersey influenza (swine flu) vaccine, systematic contact of neurologists was used to evaluate the possible association of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) with receipt of the vaccine. the overall rate of gbs was significantly higher among vaccine recipients (13.3/10(6)) than in nonrecipients (2.6/10(6)). peak time of onset was two to three weeks after receiving the vaccine, and cases among vaccinees were less likely to hav ... | 1980 | 6247520 |
| enzyme polymorphism in ascaris suum (nematoda). | the potential of multilocus electrophoretic studies for providing insight into the population biology of parasitic organisms was studied using the swine parasite ascaris suum suum. thirty-eight loci encoding enzymatic or nonenzymatic proteins have been resolved in extracts of adult worms by starch-gel electrophoresis. a preliminary study of variation in ascaris from eastern iowa revealed an average heterozygosity of 6.6%. allele frequencies at six polymorphic loci were similar in males and femal ... | 1982 | 6889643 |
| trichinosis--a common source outbreak. | | 1982 | 6953254 |
| prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to current strains of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus in sera collected from the elderly in 1976. | sera were collected in 1976 from 182 individuals born between 1876-1935, who included patients in a large local nursing home in orange county, california, and patients and staff at the university of california, irvine medical center. sera were treated with receptor-destroying enzyme and assayed for hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to recent strains of influenza a virus. the antigens tested were: a/victoria/3/76 and a/texas/1/77 for subtype h3n2; a/new jersey/8/76, a/x53 and a/swine/1976 ... | 1982 | 7072705 |
| guillain-barré syndrome in the united states, 1979-1980 and 1980-1981. lack of an association with influenza vaccination. | an ongoing surveillance program was intensified during the 1979-1980 and the 1980-1981 influenza seasons to determine whether an increased risk of acquiring guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) within eight weeks after influenza vaccination existed for adults in the united states who received influenza vaccine, when compared with adult who had not been vaccinated recently. five hundred twenty-eight cases of gbs with onset between sept 1 and march 31, including seven following recent vaccination, were r ... | 1982 | 7097920 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and the 1978-1979 influenza vaccine. | an ongoing surveillance program was intensified to determine whether an increased risk of acquiring vaccine-related guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) (similar to that observed after vaccination with the a/new jersey swine-influenza vaccine in 1976) existed for the approximately 12.5 million adults (greater than or equal to 18 years old) vaccinated in the 1978-1979 influenza campaign. in the contiguous united states (excluding maryland) 544 cases of gbs with onset between september 1, 1978, and march ... | 1981 | 7231501 |
| effect of forest type on the distribution of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) and vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | we studied the effects of three forest types on multiple factors that are believed to influence the transmission of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus on ossabaw island, ga. these factors included availability of tree hole diurnal resting habitat for the presumed sand fly vector, lutzomyia shannoni dyar; relative abundance of l. shannoni; prevalence of vsnj virus infection in sand flies; and prevalence of vsnj virus antibodies in wild swine. tree hole availability, sand ... | 1993 | 8389877 |
| ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) is a rhabdovirus that causes economically important disease in cattle and other domestic animals in endemic areas from southeastern united states to northern south america. its negatively stranded rna genome is capable of undergoing rapid evolution, which allows phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology studies to be performed. previous epidemiological studies in costa rica showed the existence of at least two distinct ecological zones of hig ... | 1996 | 8917539 |
| pandemic influenza: confronting a re-emergent threat. the 1976 experience. | the swine influenza immunization program began in january 1976 with an outbreak of swine influenza among trainees at ft. dix, new jersey. the program ended in december 1976 after an increased incidence of guillain-barre syndrome was attributed to the vaccine. the issues and events of 1976 provide valuable lessons for the future. a thorough and objective review of the swine flu program should be a prerequisite for influenza pandemic planning. strong consideration should be given to creating separ ... | 1997 | 9240699 |
| [the threat of an influenza pandemic]. | | 1998 | 9611870 |
| prevalence and risk association for trichinella infection in domestic pigs in the northeastern united states. | to determine trichinella infection in a selected group of farm raised pigs, 4078 pigs from 156 farms in new england and new jersey, employing various management styles, were selected based on feed type (grain, regulated waste, non-regulated waste). the number of pigs bled from each farm were based on detecting infection assuming a 0.05 prevalence rate. serum was tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay for antibodies to trichinella spiralis. seropositive pigs were tested by digestion at slaughter (wh ... | 1999 | 10223350 |
| occupation, pesticide exposure and risk of multiple myeloma. | this population-based case-control study examined the relationship between occupation, living or working on a farm, pesticide exposure, and the risk of multiple myeloma. | 2004 | 15250650 |
| effect of strain and serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus on viral shedding, vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs. | to determine whether pigs can be infected with strains of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) and vesicular stomatitis virus indiana (vsv-i) isolated during recent vesicular stomatitis outbreaks that primarily involved horses in the western united states and determine the potential for these viruses to be transmitted by contact. | 2004 | 15478770 |
| influenza pandemics of the 20th century. | three worldwide (pandemic) outbreaks of influenza occurred in the 20th century: in 1918, 1957, and 1968. the latter 2 were in the era of modern virology and most thoroughly characterized. all 3 have been informally identified by their presumed sites of origin as spanish, asian, and hong kong influenza, respectively. they are now known to represent 3 different antigenic subtypes of influenza a virus: h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2, respectively. not classified as true pandemics are 3 notable epidemics: a p ... | 2006 | 16494710 |
| emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the united states. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) is an important disease of cattle, horses and pigs. the causal agent is an arbovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of which two distinct serotypes new jersey (nj) and indiana (in) have been described. the clinical signs in cattle and pigs are undistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), one of the most devastating viral infections of livestock. vsv is the most important cause of vesicular disease in fmd-free countries in the americas, causing thousands of ou ... | 2002 | 12034487 |
| vsv-nj on ossabaw island, georgia. the truth is out there. | ossabaw island, georgia, is the only recognized enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) in the united states and has been the subject of vsv-nj research since 1981. to date, vsv-nj antibodies have been detected only from feral swine, cattle, equines, deer, and raccoons. vsv-nj transmission occurs annually, is seasonal, and is associated with the maritime forest. despite high transmission rates the clinical disease is rarely detected. a sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni) occur ... | 2000 | 11193657 |
| influenza pandemic periodicity, virus recycling, and the art of risk assessment. | influenza pandemic risk assessment is an uncertain art. the theory that influenza a virus pandemics occur every 10 to 11 years and seroarcheologic evidence of virus recycling set the stage in early 1976 for risk assessment and risk management of the fort dix, new jersey, swine influenza outbreak. additional data and passage of time proved the theory untenable. much has been learned about influenza a virus and its natural history since 1976, but the exact conditions that lead to the emergence of ... | 2006 | 16494714 |
| laboratory colonization of aedes japonicus japonicus. | we describe methodology used for the laboratory colonization of aedes japonicus japonicus, an exotic mosquito species native to eastern asia and first collected in new jersey as larvae in 1999. we created a free mating colony in 2000 that readily bloodfed on restrained bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus). a larval diet of finely ground purina lab diet dissolved in dechlorinated water has proven acceptable. this is the first report of ae. j. japonicus colonization from mosquitoes collected in th ... | 2008 | 19181071 |
| spatial and phylogenetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus over-wintering in the united states. | from 2004 through 2006, 751 vesicular stomatitis (vs) outbreaks caused by vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey (vsnjv) were reported in nine states of the southwestern united states. the normal model of the spatial scan statistic and phylogenetic techniques were used to assess whether the spatial and genetic relations among vsnjv outbreaks were consistent with the hypothesis that vsnjv over-wintered in specific regions of the southwestern united states infected in 2004 and 2005, respec ... | 2010 | 19962205 |
| re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the western united states is associated with distinct viral genetic lineages. | phylogenetic analysis of partial phosphoprotein and glycoprotein gene sequences showed that a single genetic lineage of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotype new jersey (nj) caused the 1995 and 1997 outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (vs) in the western united states. while distinct from vsv-nj strains causing previous outbreaks in the western united states and those circulating in feral swine in the southeastern united states, this lineage was closely related to viral lineages circulating in ... | 2000 | 10814582 |
| feral swine as a potential amplifying host for vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype on ossabaw island, georgia. | sentinel feral swine (sus scrofa) on ossabaw island, georgia (usa), were serologically monitored for antibodies to vesicular stomatitis new jersey serotype (vsnj) virus from 17 april to 27 august 1990. seroconversions to vsnj virus were detected in 24% of swine island-wide. differences in the incidence of seroconversion were detected between swine sampled in the pleistocene and holocene formations of the island suggesting that the presence of virus is forest type dependent. based on the consiste ... | 1993 | 8394941 |
| perspective: swine-origin influenza: 1976 and 2009. | i am in a unique situation, having been involved in 2 major us public health events resulting from novel swine-origin influenza viruses. in 1976, i was director of the center for disease control (cdc, the name of the agency at the time) when a new influenza virus, characterized as an influenza a(h1n1) swine virus, was isolated from military recruits at fort dix, new jersey. subsequently, i led the cdc through the us response to this outbreak, which culminated in the decision to implement the swi ... | 2011 | 21342898 |
| experiences and motives relative to psychiatric medication choice. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate and describe from the participants' perspectives the factors and processes influencing their choice as to whether to use prescribed psychiatric medication. | 2011 | 21768077 |
| Revisiting the 1976 "swine flu" vaccine clinical trials: cross-reactive hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antibodies and their role in protection against the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus in mice. | The 2009 H1N1 pandemic viruses are genetically similar to A/New Jersey/76 H1N1 virus (NJ/76), the strain selected for the 1976 "swine flu" vaccines. Approximately 45 million people in the United States were vaccinated against NJ/76 30 years ago, but the impact of this nationwide immunization on the current pandemic is largely unknown. | 2011 | 21976461 |
| hosts of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in relation to vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a. | hosts of lutzomyia shannoni dyar, a suspected biological vector of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus, were determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of 333 blood-fed female sandflies collected from their diurnal resting shelters on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a. sandflies had fed primarily on white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (81%) and to a lesser extent on feral swine (sus scrofa) (16%), two species of host infected annually with ... | 1994 | 7841487 |
| population dynamics of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in relation to the epizootiology of vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | population dynamics of lutzomyia shannoni dyar were studied on ossabaw island, ga, to define further the role of this species in the epizootiology of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus. bimonthly collections of sand flies egressing from hollow trees from april to november 1991 indicated that there were three generations of sand flies. data from light trap collections from 1986 through 1989 indicated that similar seasonal cycles occurred during previous years. at this si ... | 1994 | 7815397 |
| bioavailability of dioxin in soil from a 2,4,5-t manufacturing site. | dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, tcdd) is a highly toxic contaminant produced in the manufacture of phenoxy herbicides. despite its high tcdd content, soil from a contaminated area associated with a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t) manufacturing site in newark, new jersey, did not induce acute toxicity when administered to guinea pigs (the most sensitive species) by gavage. analysis of liver samples demonstrated low bioavailability of tcdd from this soil. a comparative ana ... | 1986 | 3961492 |
| antibodies to vesicular stomatitis new jersey type virus in wild and domestic sentinel swine. | wild sentinel swine on ossabaw island, chatham county, georgia, were serially bled and tested for vesicular stomatitis new jersey type virus neutralizing antibody to determine the intensity, distribution, and progression of annual viral activity. from march through september, 1984 and 1985, 112 and 226 juvenile (less than 8 months) swine, respectively, were sampled. seroconversions initially were detected on may 7, 1984 and may 18, 1985. incidence of seroconversion in wild swine reached 32% duri ... | 1987 | 3034056 |
| molecular epizootiology and evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has been shown previously to be capable of undergoing rapid mutational change during sequential experimental infections in various tissue culture cell systems (j. holland, k. spindler, f. horodyski, e. grabau, s. nichol, and s. vandepol, science 215:1577-1585, 1982). the present study was undertaken to determine the degree of genetic diversity and evolution of the virus under natural infection conditions and to gain insight into the epizootiology of the disease. ... | 1987 | 3029397 |
| serologic surveillance for vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | seventeen species of mammals and seven species of birds from ossabaw island, georgia, were tested for vesicular stomatitis (vs) neutralizing antibodies. seropositive results were restricted to mammals with six of 17 species testing seropositive for vs (new jersey type) neutralizing antibodies. seropositive species included: raccoons (procyon lotor), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), feral swine (sus scrofa), cattle (bos taurus), horses (equus caballus), and donkeys (equus asinus). all ... | 1985 | 2987546 |
| isolation of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype from phlebotomine sand flies in georgia. | vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsnj virus) was isolated from 6 of 610 pools of phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia shannoni) collected on ossabaw island, ga. all isolates were from non-blooded females. infected sand flies were collected at 6 sites at 5 separate times from 3 june through 25 july 1988. thirty-five pools of culicoides ssp. and 48 pools of mosquitoes obtained in conjunction with the infected sand flies also were evaluated for vsnj virus; all were negative. concomitan ... | 1990 | 1971158 |
| spontaneous mutations leading to antigenic variations in the glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus field isolates. | strains of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype (vsv-nj), isolated from diseased cattle or swine were examined by genomic rna sequencing for genetic diversity potentially leading to antigenic variations in their type-specific glycoproteins as determined by reactivity with epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). seven field isolates recovered in colorado, new mexico, georgia, and mexico during the widespread 1982-1985 epizootic in the western united states resembled the prototyp ... | 1990 | 1688475 |
| swine flu: play it again, uncle sam. | | 1976 | 800413 |
| evaluation of a/new jersey/76 influenza whole-virus vaccine in hysterectomy-derived pigs. | twenty-one pigs delivered by hysterectomy from three sows were used to evaluate influenza a/new jersey/76 virus vaccine in neonatal pigs. pigs were vaccinated on the day of birth or at three days of age with either 200 or 400 chick cell-agglutinating (cca) units of vaccine, and pigs were bled two and four weeks after vaccination. the 21 vaccinated pigs and two unvaccinated control pigs were challenged intranasally at five weeks of age, and nasal swabs were obtained for six consecutive days after ... | 1977 | 606795 |
| infection and vaccination of pigs with influenza a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) virus. | pigs were infected and had mild signs of illness when exposed to influenza a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) virus. virus was recovered for up to eight days after exposure. the virus was readily transmitted to susceptible pen mates. vaccination with inactivated whole-virus vaccine did not provide protection against infection or disease. there was some protection against challenge when the pigs were vaccinated with a temperature-sensitive strain of influenza a/new jersey/8/76 virus. | 1977 | 606794 |
| reactions and serologic responses after administration of inactivated monovalent influenza a/swine virus vaccines. ii. immunization of children with influenza a/new jersey/x-53 virus vaccines. | reactivity and immunogenicity of two inactivated, zonally purified, ether-extracted, influenza a/new jersey/x-53 subunit virus vaccines were studied in 103 children three to 18 years of age. children aged nine years of younger received doses of 100 or 200 chick cell-agglutinating (cca) units, and those older than nine years received doses of 200 or 400 cca units. vaccines were given intramuscularly. two doses were given at intervals of four weeks. the vaccines were minimally pyrogenic, causing o ... | 1977 | 606781 |
| identification and preliminary antigenic analysis of swine influenza-like viruses isolated during an influenza outbreak at fort dix, new jersey. | the sequence of events and the laboratory procedures that resulted in the identification of swine influenza-like viruses isolated during an influenza outbreak at fort dix, new jersey in january and february of 1976 are described. preliminary antigenic analysis suggested that the isolates from fort dix are closely related to a 1975 isolate of swine influenza virus and distinguishable from earlier swine influenza strains. | 1977 | 606762 |
| swine influenza a at fort dix, new jersey (january-february 1976). iii. extent of spread and duration of the outbreak. | the extent and duration of transmission of influenza a/new jersey/76 virus at fort dix, new jersey, was examined with use of titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to influenza a/mayo clinic/74 (hswn1) antigen as an index of infection. five hundred ninety-three soldiers (a 9.3% sample) in basic combat training (bct) were grouped in weekly cohorts by the date on which bct was started. cohorts with 11 of the 12 bct cases of a/swine influenza began training on january 12, 19, and 26, 1976, ... | 1977 | 606761 |
| swine influenza a at fort dix, new jersey (january-february 1976). ii. transmission and morbidity in units with cases. | epidemiologic study of 13 influenza a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1) patients indicated that person-to-person transmission had occurred in several distinct military units. soldiers in eight of these units (companies) were studied to determine whether they had experienced influenza a/new jersey infections and associated acute respiratory disease. titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to influenza a/mayo clinic/103/74 (hsw1n1) antigen were determined. in seven of these eight companies, individual ... | 1977 | 606760 |
| reaction of squirrel monkeys to intratracheal inoculation with influenza/a/new jersey/76 (swine) virus. | to determine whether a model could be established for laboratory investigations, nine squirrel monkeys were inoculated intratracheally with 10(7) median egg-infectious doses of influenza virus type a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) (swine influenza virus). they responded with clinically detectable illness including fever, leukopenia, decreased food consumption, increased respiratory rate, occasional coughing, labored breathing, nasal discharge, and lethargy. convalescence was well advanced by the day 1 ... | 1977 | 405321 |
| clinical trials of monovalent influenza a/new jersey/76 virus vaccines in adults: reactogenicity, antibody response, and antibody persistence. | responses to monovalent influenza a/new jersey/76 virus vaccines were evaluated in 22-43-year-old, antibody-negative males. three doses of vaccine (200, 400, and 800 chick cell-agglutinating [cca] units) from each of four manufacturers and a placebo were given intramuscularly. mild systemic complaints occurred in 12% of vaccines and moderate reactions in 5%, mostly in recipients of 800 cca units of the vaccines. reactogenicities of subvirion vaccines were intermediate, while different preparatio ... | 1977 | 342620 |
| swine influenza virus infections in humans. | influenza in swine was first recognized as an epizootic disease in 1918. during that same year influenza virus in humans caused the worst pandemic on record. the virus of swine influenza was isolated in 1930. swine influenza virus was first isolated from humans in 1974. since then, including the cases at fort dix, there have been a total of nine viral isolations from humans in the united states. serologic evidence of infections with swine influenza virus in humans has also been obtained. evidenc ... | 1977 | 342616 |
| influenza surveillance of wisconsin (usa) population-detection of a/new jersey by isolation and serologic monitoring and vaccine evaluation. | the 1976-77 influenza surveillance in wisconsin consisted of three major areas of study. serum and virus isolation specimens were obtained from the practicing medical community and from epidemiologic studies. from all sources 1,132 throat specimens were tested by egg and tissue culture inoculations. three isolations similar to a/new jersey/8/76 were recovered from pig farm associated patients. one contact with one of the isolate patients seroconverted to a/new jersey suggesting patient to patien ... | 1977 | 342315 |
| impact of swine influenza vaccine on serum antibody. | comparison of a 1976 serum survey with one of 1977 has permitted an assessment of the impact of the national swine influenza vaccine program of 1976-1977 on the antibody status of the michigan population. prevalence of hi influenza virus antibody in premarital sera collected in 1976 prior to the vaccine program was compared to that in similar sera collected in 1977. overall prevalence of a/new jersey antibody (titers greater than or equal to 1:10) in 1976 sera was 22.3%. little antibody was dete ... | 1979 | 219688 |
| swine influenza a outbreak, fort dix, new jersey, 1976. | in early 1976, the novel a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1) influenza virus caused severe respiratory illness in 13 soldiers with 1 death at fort dix, new jersey. since a/new jersey was similar to the 1918-1919 pandemic virus, rapid outbreak assessment and enhanced surveillance were initiated. a/new jersey virus was detected only from january 19 to february 9 and did not spread beyond fort dix. a/victoria/75 (h3n2) spread simultaneously, also caused illness, and persisted until march. up to 230 soldiers w ... | 2006 | 16494712 |
| reflections on the 1976 swine flu vaccination program. | in 1976, 2 recruits at fort dix, new jersey, had an influenza like illness. isolates of virus taken from them included a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1), a strain similar to the virus believed at the time to be the cause of the 1918 pandemic, commonly known as swine flu. serologic studies at fort dix suggested that >200 soldiers had been infected and that person-to-person transmission had occurred. we review the process by which these events led to the public health decision to mass-vaccinate the america ... | 2006 | 16494713 |
| who knows best? national and international responses to pandemic threats and the "lessons" of 1976. | the discovery of a novel influenza strain at fort dix, new jersey, in 1976-dubbed swine flu-prompted differing responses from national and international health organizations. the united states crafted a vaccination campaign to inoculate every citizen; conversely, the world health organization (who) recommended a 'wait and see' policy. an examination of the who conference that issued the influenza policy reveals the decision was driven by the limits of its member states' ability to produce inacti ... | 2010 | 20231159 |
| apparent disappearance of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus from ossabaw island, georgia. | abstract ossabaw island, georgia, is the only reported endemic focus of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv) in the united states. based on recent negative serologic results of white-tailed deer and feral swine and the failure to isolate vsnjv from lutzomyia shannoni, it appears that vsnjv is no longer present at this site. this apparent disappearance does not appear to be related to a change in l. shannoni habitat, specifically to the density of tree holes in the maritime and mixed har ... | 2010 | 20954866 |