| a serological survey of swine parvovirus infection in italy. | a serological survey to detect the presence of porcine parvovirus (ppv) infection in italy and its geographic distribution was conducted. 1,332 samples of serum collected in 1983/1984/1985 were taken from pig breeding herds and, to a lesser extent, from fattening piggeries of representative regions of italy. they were tested using the hemagglutination inhibition test (hit). the results of the serological study indicate that parvovirus infection is widespread in italian herds having 70.3% of sera ... | 1989 | 2550741 |
| [epidemiology and social/health implications of hydatidosis in sardinia]. | all surgically treated cases of hydatidosis registered in sardinia from 1969 to 1984 have been analysed. the 16-year period clearly shows that unilocular hydatid disease caused by larvae of tapeworm, echinococcus granulosus, is endemic in sardinia. in this region there are foci of human infection notably in the sheep rearing areas, of nuoro and sassari. the incidence of human hydatidosis shows a marked regional variation varying during the last survey (1982-1984) between 16.9/1000 in the provinc ... | 1989 | 2491290 |
| updates on cystic echinococcosis (ce) in italy. | an update on cystic echinococcosis (ce) diffusion in italy during 2003-2005 is reported. ce seems to have a sporadic diffusion in the northern part of the country where this disease plays a minor role (prevalence < 1%). recent investigations have shown the occurrence of ce cases in humans from the mountains between reggio emilia and modena, with an average year incidence between 9.4 and 5.6/100,000. in abruzzo prevalences in sheep and cattle are 20.2% and 15.3%, with a fertility of 4.6% and 1.3% ... | 2006 | 16881397 |
| cystic echinococcosis in italy from the 1950s to present. | in italy the epidemiological pattern of cistic echinococcosis (ce) is incomplete and the information for most regions is out of date, contradictory, and almost exclusively limited to the intermediate hosts. the disease is found most frequently in particular social and economic conditions: widespread use of extensive or semi-extensive sheep farming, illegal slaughtering, and high numbers of sheepdogs and other types of dogs. the highest incidence in sheep is found in sardinia (70.6-92.8%), sicily ... | 2004 | 16044697 |
| epidemiology of hydatid disease in sardinia: a study of fertility of cysts in sheep. | hydatidosis, caused by echinococcus granulosus, is a cyclozoonotic disease of economic significance in sardinia. the life-cycle involves stray and sheep dogs as definitive hosts and sheep, pigs, goats and cattle as intermediate hosts. the most important intermediate host is sheep, due to home slaughtering with ready access of the viscera to dogs. this survey was undertaken in 1987 to ascertain the epidemiological significance of sheep in maintaining the life-cycle. a total of 700 (91.3%) of 767 ... | 1990 | 2230030 |
| epidemiology of classical swine fever in sardinia: a serological survey of wild boar and comparison with african swine fever. | a serological survey was carried out to establish the distribution of classical swine fever among wild boar in sardinia, where that disease and african swine fever have been endemic in free-ranging domestic pigs and wild boar living in the mountainous areas of the province of nuoro for several years. blood samples were collected from 4752 wild boar shot during the period december 1988 to january 1992. an overall prevalence of 11 per cent was observed and the almost constant rate of about 9.8 per ... | 1994 | 8171792 |
| rickettsia slovaca from dermacentor marginatus ticks in sardinia, italy. | nineteen ticks belonging to the species dermacentor marginatus, rhipicephalus bursa, and haemaphysalis sulcata were collected from wild animals (wild boar, deer, and mouflon) in south-western sardinia, italy. five d. marginatus ticks from wild boar were pcr-positive when analyzed using glta-specific and ompa-specific primers, leading to the identification and first isolation in cell culture of rickettsia slovaca, the causative agent of tick-borne lymphadenopathy (tibola), on the island of sardin ... | 2012 | 23140897 |
| detection of rickettsia hoogstraalii, rickettsia helvetica, rickettsia massiliae, rickettsia slovaca and rickettsia aeschlimannii in ticks from sardinia, italy. | tick-borne diseases represent a large proportion of infectious diseases that have become a world health concern. the presence of rickettsia spp. was evaluated by standard pcr and sequencing in 123 ticks collected from several mammals and vegetation in sardinia, italy. this study provides the first evidence of the presence of rickettsia hoogstralii in haemaphysalis punctata and haemaphysalis sulcata ticks from mouflon and rickettsia helvetica in ixodes festai ticks from hedgehog. in addition, ric ... | 2017 | 28110915 |
| like a pig out of water: seaborne spread of domestic pigs in southern italy and sardinia during the bronze and iron ages. | southern italy has a long history of human occupation and passage of different cultures since the early holocene. repeated, ancient introductions of pigs in several geographic areas in europe make it difficult to understand pig translocation and domestication in italy. the archeozoological record may provide fundamental information on this, hence shedding light on peopling and on trading among different ancient cultures in the mediterranean. yet, because of the scanty nature of the fossil record ... | 2017 | 27649620 |
| a serosurvey for brucellosis in wild boar (sus scrofa) in sardinia, italy. | porcine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by brucella suis and hosted by pigs (sus scrofa). both domestic pigs and wild boars are affected. we measured the prevalence of antibody to brucella spp. in wild boars in sardinia, italy. during 1 november 2009 to 31 january 2010, we collected 570 serum samples from legally hunted wild boars and tested them using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. sex and age class of the sampled wild boars were also recorded. thirty-five ... | 2015 | 26267463 |
| understanding african swine fever infection dynamics in sardinia using a spatially explicit transmission model in domestic pig farms. | african swine fever virus (asfv) has been endemic in sardinia since 1978, resulting in severe losses for local pig producers and creating important problems for the island's veterinary authorities. this study used a spatially explicit stochastic transmission model followed by two regression models to investigate the dynamics of asfv spread amongst domestic pig farms, to identify geographic areas at highest risk and determine the role of different susceptible pig populations (registered domestic ... | 2017 | 28296281 |
| genomic diversity and differentiation of a managed island wild boar population. | the evolution of island populations in natural systems is driven by local adaptation and genetic drift. however, evolutionary pathways may be altered by humans in several ways. the wild boar (wb) (sus scrofa) is an iconic game species occurring in several islands, where it has been strongly managed since prehistoric times. we examined genomic diversity at 49 803 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 99 sardinian wbs and compared them with 196 wild specimens from mainland europe and 105 domestic pig ... | 2015 | 26243137 |
| investigation of salmonella enterica in sardinian slaughter pigs: prevalence, serotype and genotype characterization. | in order to improve the knowledge about the presence of salmonella in pork meat in sardinia (italy), the prevalence and the sources of salmonella at 5 pig slaughterhouses (slaughtered pigs and environment) were investigated and the isolates were characterised. a total of 462 samples were collected, 425 from pigs at slaughter and 41 from the slaughterhouse environment. salmonella was isolated from 26/85 (30.5%) mesenteric lymph nodes, 14/85 (16.4%) colon contents, and from 12/85 (14.1%) carcasses ... | 2011 | 21940060 |
| genetic diversity of streptococcus suis clinical isolates from pigs and humans in italy (2003-2007). | streptococcus suis, a major porcine pathogen, is emerging as a zoonotic agent capable of causing severe invasive disease in humans exposed to pigs or pork products. s. suis infection is rare in industrialised countries and usually arises as sporadic cases, with meningitis the most common clinical presentation in humans. recent reports of two cases of meningitis in sardinia and northeastern italy prompted this first characterisation of italian s. suis isolates. fifty-nine s. suis strains, the two ... | 2009 | 19712640 |
| genetic characterisation of african swine fever viruses from recent and historical outbreaks in sardinia (1978-2009). | three discrete regions of the african swine fever virus (asfv) were analysed in the genomes of a wide range of isolates collected from wild and domestic pigs in sardinia, over a 31-year period (1978-2009). the analysis was conducted by genotyping based on sequence data from three single copy asf genes. the e183l gene encoding the structural protein p54 and part of the gene encoding the p72 protein were used to delineate genotypes, before intra-genotypic resolution of viral relationships by analy ... | 2011 | 21373994 |
| effects of human perturbation on the genetic make-up of an island population: the case of the sardinian wild boar. | game species are often manipulated by human beings, whose activities can deeply affect their genetic make-up and population structure. we focused on a geographically isolated wild boar population (sardinia, italy), which is classified, together with the corsican population, as a separate subspecies (sus scrofa meridionalis). two hundred and ten wild boars collected across sardinia were analysed with a set of 10 microsatellites and compared with 296 reference genotypes from continental wild popul ... | 2010 | 21179064 |
| evidence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in human and pigs in sardinia, italy. | the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies in humans sera and to study hev prevalence in swine from different sardinian farms, testing viral hev-rna in bile samples. | 2009 | 20812518 |
| the birth of a trichinella britovi focus on the mediterranean island of sardinia (italy). | for 60 years, the islands of the mediterranean basin were considered to be trichinella-free. in april 2005, an outbreak of human trichinellosis due to the consumption of infected pork involved 11 persons in the villages of orgosolo and lanusei (nuoro province) on the island of sardinia (italy). we conducted an investigation to identify free-range and backyard pigs and other humans with trichinella infection in the area of the 2005 outbreak. we also tested wild animals from various parts of sardi ... | 2009 | 19041178 |
| molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus strains in sardinia. | investigations were undertaken to determine the genotypes of the parasite echinococcus granulosus that were present in livestock animals on the island of sardinia. liver, lung, and spleen samples were obtained from 770 sheep, 229 cattle, and 277 pigs slaughtered in sardinia between january 2003 and april 2005, and the number and fertility of hydatid cysts were determined. protoscoleces and/or germinal layer were collected from individual cysts, dna was extracted from 91 samples, and polymerase c ... | 2006 | 16323021 |
| anti-human versus anti-guinea pig tissue transglutaminase antibodies as the first-level serological screening test for coeliac disease in the general population. | so far the reliability of the anti-guinea pig and anti-human tissue transglutaminase antibodies for the coeliac disease diagnosis has been evaluated in selected groups of patients. | 2004 | 15506666 |
| identification of mycobacterial infections in wild boars in northern sardinia, italy. | during a six-month period a region of northern sardinia was monitored to check the presence of mycobacterial infections in wild boars. forty-eight serum and 229 biopsy samples were collected from different animals and examined by both traditional diagnostic techniques (culture, bacterioscopic and molecular tests) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the latter was used to determine the antibody response against both methylated and nonmethylated heparin-binding haemagglutinin (hbha) pro ... | 2008 | 18669241 |
| vegetable and animal food sorts found in the gastric content of sardinian wild boar (sus scrofa meridionalis). | authors report results emerging from gastric content analysis from n. 96 wild boars hunted in sardinia isle, during the hunting tide (2001-2005), from november to january. mean ph of the gastric content was 3.77 +/- 0.69. mean total capacity (tc) of each stomach was 1702 +/- 680 g. mean stuff ratio (cw/tc) between the content weight (cw) and stomachs tc was 0.45. food categories found in animal stomachs were: 19 categories of vegetal species (allium spp., arbutus unedo, arisarum vulgare, avena f ... | 2007 | 17516948 |
| human outbreak of trichinellosis in the mediterranean island of sardinia, italy. | trichinella sp. infection has been documented in both humans and animals in most mediterranean countries, yet in the past 60 years no infections have been reported on the mediterranean islands. we describe the first outbreak of trichinella sp. infection to have been reported on the island of sardinia. the outbreak occurred in two villages in 2005 and involved 11 persons who had eaten raw sausages made from the same free-ranging sow. all 11 persons developed signs and symptoms of trichinellosis a ... | 2006 | 16621284 |
| [animal echinococcosis in italy: epidemiological update]. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is one of the most widespread parasitoses in the mediterranean region (mr). this is due to various factors, the most important being the close association between man, sheep and dogs in areas where open farming is practised. although this disease has been known for several years and many studies have been carried out, nowadays in italy there are no complete epidemiological data on its diffusion and distribution. the available data show that ce is mainly diffused in tho ... | 2004 | 15305683 |
| effect of husbandry methods on seropositivity to african swine fever virus in sardinian swine herds. | multiple logistic regression was used on serological data collected in the context of the sardinian african swine fever (asf) eradication program from pig farms in the province of nuoro, sardinia. the monthly percentage of asfv-positive herds decreased significantly from october 1994 through march 1996 (p < 0.001). the farm-level risk of seropositivity to african swine fever virus (asfv) was higher in free-range farms than in partial-confinement farms (odds ratios (or) varied between 4.9 in octo ... | 1997 | 9443330 |
| molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in italy. | to gain an insight into the molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever (csf) in italy, virus isolates originating from outbreaks that occurred between 1985 and 2000 in wild boar or in domestic pigs in mainland italy and in sardinia were analysed by genetic typing. for this, a fragment (190 nucleotides) of the e2 glycoprotein gene was sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed, including older italian isolates and isolates from recent outbreaks in europe for comparison. the results s ... | 2001 | 11574170 |
| ticks infesting domestic animals in italy: current acarological studies carried out in sardinia and basilicata regions. | the note reviews published and unpublished data on acaralogical studies carried out by different parasitologists' groups in sardinia and basilicata regions. in sardinia 72 collecting sites were investigated and a total of 4,086 ticks were collected from hosts (cattle, sheep, goats and pigs) and from soil. so far 2,413 ticks belonging to six genera have been identified: rhipicephalus (67.2%), haemaphysalis (24.1%), hyalomma (2.7%), boophilus (0.7%), dermacentor (4.9%), ixodes (0.3%). host-associa ... | 1999 | 11071541 |
| classical swine fever in sardinia: epidemiology of recent outbreaks. | a variable region of the gene encoding the major glycoprotein (e2) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was sequenced from 12 sardinian isolates which had been obtained from three geographically distinct regions of the island. phylogenetic analysis of these viruses and others characterized in previous studies [1, 2] indicated that (a) the sardinian viruses were all members of the common european subgroup 2.3 and were clearly distinct from live vaccines recently used in this area; (b) they could ... | 1999 | 10459661 |
| spatio-temporal analysis of african swine fever in sardinia (2012-2014): trends in domestic pigs and wild boar. | african swine fever (asf) is a notifiable viral disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars that has been endemic in sardinia since 1978. several risk factors complicate the control of asf in sardinia: generally poor level of biosecurity, traditional breeding practices, illegal behaviour in movements and feeding of pigs, and sporadic occurrence of long-term carriers. a previous study describes the disease in sardinia during 1978-2013. the aim of this study was to gain more in-depth knowledge ... | 2017 | 26392004 |
| temporal and spatial patterns of african swine fever in sardinia. | temporal patterns and spatial distribution of african swine fever (asf) were studied through the analysis of routinely collected data in the asf-endemic area of the province of nuoro, sardinia. during 1993-1996, asf outbreaks were reported from 45 out of the 82 municipalities of the study area. overall farm-level incidence rate (ir) was 1.3 outbreaks per 100 farms-year. asf peaked in 1995 (ir = 1.8) and declined in 1996 (ir = 0.82). significant (p < 0.05) spring peaks of asf outbreaks and affect ... | 1998 | 9689661 |
| evaluation of a commercial field test to detect african swine fever. | african swine fever (asf) is one of the most important and complex infectious diseases affecting pigs ( sus scrofa ). the disease has been present in sardinia, italy, since 1978. factors influencing the presence of the disease on the island are the presence of illegally bred pigs, uncontrolled movements of animals, and local traditions. implementation of public health programs is essential for controlling asf. the use of new diagnostic techniques on both wild boar (wb) and illegally bred pigs wo ... | 2017 | 28231033 |
| why is african swine fever still present in sardinia? | african swine fever (asf) is an infectious disease of swine that has been present in sardinia since 1978. soon after introduction of the disease, several control and eradication programmes were established with limited success. some researchers attributed the persistence of the disease in central and eastern areas to certain socio-economic factors, the existence of some local and traditional farming practices (i.e., unregistered free-ranging pigs known as brado animals) and the high density of w ... | 2017 | 29027378 |
| rickettsia conorii israelensis in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, sardinia, italy. | the presence of tick-borne rickettsia spp. was examined by pcr using dna samples extracted from 254 ticks collected from mammals originating from northern and eastern sardinia, italy. the spotted fever group rickettsial agent rickettsia conorii israelensis was detected in 3 rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from a dog for the first time in this geographical area. in addition, ri. massiliae, ri. slovaca, and ri. aeschlimannii were detected in rh. turanicus, rh. sanguineus, dermacentor marginatus, an ... | 2014 | 24852264 |
| serological surveillance and direct field searching reaffirm the absence of ornithodoros erraticus ticks role in african swine fever cycle in sardinia. | african swine fever (asf), one of the most important diseases of swine, has been endemic in the italian island of sardinia for more than 35 years. during these decades, several strategies and eradication efforts have been implemented in the island with limited success. strong climatic and ecological similarities exist between sardinia and one area of the iberian peninsula where ornithodoros erraticus ticks were involved in the persistence of asf from 1960 to 1995. this fact leads to the hypothes ... | 2017 | 26952266 |
| trichinella britovi from domestic to wild animals of sardinia, italy. | the zoonotic nematode trichinella britovi has been documented in animals and/or humans of the mediterranean islands of corsica and sardinia since 2004. from 2005 to 2007 in the sardinia island, several surveys had shown that t. britovi was circulating among backyard and free-ranging pigs reared in the orgosolo municipality but all attempts had failed to detect this parasite in wild susceptible animals. the aim of the present work was to investigate the circulation of t. britovi in pigs and wildl ... | 2015 | 26264251 |
| molecular epizootiology and diagnosis of porcine babesiosis in sardinia, italy. | the recent characterization of the 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) of a pathogenic babesia species in a domestic sow paved the way for establishing diagnostic and epidemiological tools for porcine babesiosis. here, we developed the first specific babesia sp. suis pcr, and we applied this test to a panel of samples collected from animals living in a typical mediterranean environment (sardinia, italy), including domestic pigs, wild boars, and ticks. in domestic pigs, pcr coupled with sequencing revealed ... | 2014 | 25325315 |