| distribution of antibody against erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in cattle. | serum samples collected from 854 cattle in nine prefectures of japan, from hokkaido to okinawa, between 1988 and 1992 were examined for presence of antibodies against erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae by growth agglutination test. most of the sera showed positive reactions, and the antibody titers ranged from below 4 to above 128. seventy-six percent of the sera showed titers of 32 or above, and 34% showed titers of 128 or above. the titers had a tendency to be higher in the south and lower in the no ... | 2001 | 11329469 |
| prehistoric introduction of domestic pigs onto the okinawa islands: ancient mitochondrial dna evidence. | ancient dnas of sus scrofa specimens excavated from archaeological sites on the okinawa islands were examined to clarify the genetic relationships among prehistoric sus scrofa, modern wild boars and domestic pigs inhabiting the ryukyu archipelago, the japanese islands, and the asian continent. we extracted remain dna from 161 bone specimens excavated from 12 archaeological sites on the okinawa islands and successfully amplified mitochondrial dna control region fragments from 33 of 161 specimens. ... | 2002 | 12107598 |
| serologic evidence for hepatitis e virus infection in mongoose. | although pig and wild boar are considered to be the reservoirs of hepatitis e virus (hev) in japan, the spread of hev to other animals is unknown. serum samples from 84 mongooses (small asian mongoose; herpestes javanicus) collected in okinawa, japan were examined for antibodies to hev by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rna was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. seven (8.3%) of 84 mongooses were positive for igg antibodies to hev, and the antibody-positive rate in ... | 2006 | 16687706 |
| genetic characterization of gra6 genes from toxoplasma gondii from pigs in okinawa, japan. | toxoplasma gondii from pigs in okinawa prefecture was characterized by nested pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequence analysis of the dense granule antigen gra6 gene. by nested pcr, parasite dna was detected in 33 out of 91 lymph node samples with lesions similar to those found in toxoplasmosis samples that had been collected from pigs at an abattoir. rflp analysis with msei was successfully conducted in 29 of 33 pcr-positive samples to group the isolates into one of ... | 2006 | 17085892 |
| pcr-based discrimination of toxoplasma gondii from pigs at an abattoir in okinawa, japan. | to determine the prevalence of the 3 primary clonal lineages of toxoplasma gondii (strain types i, ii, and iii) in pigs in okinawa prefecture, we analyzed lymph node samples that had been collected at an abattoir by pcr analysis using primers specific for the toxoplasma gondii sag2 locus. this study revealed the presence of this parasite in 57 out of 101 samples examined. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in pcr-amplified sag2 products was used to group strains into one of the thre ... | 2006 | 16679736 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 21 antimicrobial agents to 37 isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in okinawa prefecture. | the in vitro susceptibilities to 21 antimicrobial agents, of 37 isolates of brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in okinawa meat center and a pig farm in okinawa prefecture, japan, were determined by the agar dilution method. carbadox was the most active of all the agents tested against the isolates (mic: <0.003 to 0.05). all the isolates were highly susceptible to olaquindox, tiamulin, dimetridazole, efrotomycin and valnemulin with mics ranging from </=0.1 to 1.6 microg/ml. penici ... | 2004 | 15107563 |
| livestock wastes as a source of estrogens and their effects on wildlife of manko tidal flat, okinawa. | the manko tidal flat in the southern part of okinawa island is an important visiting and wintering area for migratory birds and was added to the ramsar convention register of wetlands in 1999. this area used to be an inlet extending to the inner part of naha port, but recent reclamation projects have restricted its connection to the east china sea. as is typical in rural regions of subtropical islands, the inhabitants in the manko basin raise livestock, especially pigs, without employing suffici ... | 2003 | 12787611 |
| isolation of coxsackievirus b5 from pigs. | a cytopathic virus was isolated from young pigs suffering from severe diarrhea in okinawa, japan in 1986. the disease was highly contagious among young pigs. the physico-chemical properties of the virus indicated an enterovirus, but, no of serological relationship was detected with reference strains of porcine enteroviruses. with the aid of genbank for genomic sequence data, rt-pcr and hybridization method was performed. the viral isolate was identified as the coxsackievirus (cv) b5 of human ent ... | 2001 | 11497077 |
| [current status of japanese encephalitis in japan]. | japanese encephalitis (je) cases confirmed by serological and/or virological tests, and clinically typical fatal je cases have been collected using individual report cards in japan since 1965. a total of 324 confirmed cases (male: 167, female: 157) reported between 1982 and 1996 were analyzed. annual incidence of je cases was less than one hundred cases from 1982 to 1991, and less than 10 cases after 1992. age distribution of the patients was: 0-9 years old, 43 cases (13%); 10-39 years old, 30 c ... | 1999 | 10213985 |
| genetic heterogeneity of porcine and ruminant pestiviruses mainly isolated in japan. | the genetic variability of porcine and ruminant pestiviruses was studied by comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of 73 isolates (42 porcine and 31 ruminant), including 65 japanese isolates (35 porcine and 30 ruminant). the 5'-untranslated region (utr) amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was determined by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed from the nucleotide sequence data. most porcine isolates were divided into two major subgroups, cl ... | 1999 | 10068129 |
| multivariate analysis of mandible in the ryukyu wild pig (sus scrofa riukiuanus). | we measured adult mandibles of ryukyu wild pig (sus scrofa riukiuanus) from tokunoshima island and compared the osteometrical data with those from six nansei islands. the mandibles in tokunoshima island were larger than those from amami-oshima and okinawa islands in some measurements. we concluded that the size cline was not statistically recognized among populations. in the principal component analysis, the size cline was also denied, and the separation could be made among island populations in ... | 1998 | 9673945 |
| geographical variation of mandible size and shape in the ryukyu wild pig (sus scrofa riukiuanus). | we measured adult mandibles of ryukyu wild pigs from amami-oshima, kakeroma, okinawa, ishigaki and iriomote islands. the size cline was not statistically recognized among the populations of nansei islands. the ishigaki population was significantly larger than iriomote one in mandible length. some measurement ratios indicated that the ramus is enlarged laterally and that the body of mandible is dorso-ventrally developed in ishigaki and iriomote populations. the amami-oshima mandibles were relativ ... | 1998 | 9492361 |
| molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis virus in okinawa. | in order to elucidate the molecular characteristics of japanese encephalitis (je) virus in okinawa, 23 strains of je virus isolated in a 25-year span were sequenced for the 240 nucleotides of the c-prem junction region and 111 nucleotides of the e gene region and compared with those of reference strains isolated in mainland japan. the results of phylogenic analysis showed that although all the okinawan isolates showed more than 96% homology in the nucleotide sequence in each region, they were ch ... | 1996 | 8985940 |
| epidemiological and ecological studies of japanese encephalitis in okinawa, subtropical area in japan. i. investigations on antibody levels to japanese encephalitis virus in swine sera and vector mosquito in okinawa, miyako and ishigaki islands. | from 1985 to 1989, serum specimens of swine raised in the northern, central and southern areas in okinawa island were examined for japanese encephalitis (je) virus antibody by elisa and hemagglutination-inhibition test. the antibody positive rate was found to be higher in the north and central than in the south. the 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive antibody to je was detected mostly in june and july, and occasionally in other months except february and march. there was no month when all specimens fro ... | 1994 | 8041298 |
| [serological epidemiology of japanese encephalitis virus infections in ishigaki and iriomote islands, okinawa]. | | 1984 | 6086783 |
| survey of japanese encephalitis virus in pigs and wild boars on ishigaki and iriomote islands in okinawa, japan. | summary we previously revealed that japanese encephalitis virus (jev) seroprevalence was 4.5% in pigs on ishigaki island from 2005 to 2007. however, a partial e gene sequence (151 bp) of the jev genome (jev/sw/ishigaki/1/2005) was detected in one pig. phylogenetic analysis showed that jev/sw/ishigaki/1/2005 belonged to genotype iii and to the same lineages isolated in taiwan from 2006 to 2008. serum samples were collected from 128 pigs on ishigaki from 2009 to 2010, 24 wild boars on ishigaki fro ... | 2014 | 23830350 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance genes among salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden isolates from humans, farm animals, and the environment in okinawa prefecture between 1992 and 2007]. | between 1992 and 2007, a total of 86 isolates of salmonella enterica weltevreden were obtained from clinical human samples (n = 41), 45 farm animals and their environment on 20 farms, including poultry (n = 25), beef cattle (n = 5), swine (n = 5), dairy cattle (n = 3), mice (n = 2), pony (n = 1), fly (n = 1) and feed samples (n = 3), in okinawa prefecture, japan. only seven isolates (8.1%) of the isolates were resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents tested; six streptomycin (7.0%), six ox ... | 2010 | 20170010 |
| survey of japanese encephalitis virus in pigs on miyako, ishigaki, kume, and yonaguni islands in okinawa, japan. | serum specimens were collected from 125 pigs on miyako island, 112 pigs on ishigaki island, and 42 pigs on kume island from 2005 to 2007, and 54 pigs on yonaguni island from 2006 to 2007. their sera were tested for japanese encephalitis virus (jev) antibody by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay. five serum samples (4.5%) from ishigaki island were positive for hi antibody, and 4 of the 5 samples were positive for 2-mercaptoethanol- sensitive antibody (igm ab). all samples from miyako, kume, a ... | 2009 | 19468186 |
| descriptive analysis of the prevalence and the molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium complex-infected pigs that were slaughtered on the main island of okinawa. | recent genetic studies have revealed that several epidemiological factors affect mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in pig populations. however, mechanisms underlying the spread of mac infection among hog farms have not been clarified. in consideration of this situation, we cross-sectionally investigated the mechanisms underlying the spread of mac on the island of okinawa. pigs slaughtered (n=706,763) and 331 hog farms on okinawa were surveyed during the years 2002-2004. two outbreaks o ... | 2010 | 19443033 |
| epidemiological study of hepatitis e virus infection in the general population of okinawa, kyushu, japan. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in the general population of japan by determining presence of the antibody to hev (anti-hev). | 2008 | 19120876 |
| detection of japanese encephalitis virus genome in ryukyu wild boars (sus scrofa riukiuanus) in okinawa, japan. | | 2008 | 18362415 |
| recent change of the antigenicity and genotype of japanese encephalitis viruses distributed on okinawa island, japan. | in this study, five isolates of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) were obtained from swine serum samples collected on okinawa island, japan, between 2002 and 2003. all five jev isolates belonged to genotype 1, and jev isolates obtained from the island before 1992 were genotype 3. genotype 1 was known to be distributed from northern thailand to cambodia and recently expanded to australia, vietnam, the republic of korea, and japan. however, phylogenetic analysis showed that the source of the newly ... | 2007 | 17978081 |
| survey of the antibody against japanese encephalitis virus in ryukyu wild boars (sus scrofa riukiuanus) in okinawa, japan. | serum specimens were collected from 99 wild boars in the northern area of the main okinawa island and from 27 wild boars on iriomote island in okinawa prefecture from 1997 to 2005. sera were tested for japanese encephalitis virus (jev) antibody by hemagglutination inhibition assay and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. sixty-four samples (64.6%) in the northern area and 1 sample (3.7%) from iriomote island were positive for the jev antibody. the difference in seroprevalence between the north ... | 2007 | 17881875 |
| serological evidence of leptospiral infection in pig populations in different districts in japan. | serum samples were collected from 938 pigs of 24 farms in hokkaido, kagoshima, and okinawa prefectures in japan in 2001-2005. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for the detection of antibodies to lipl32 antigen which is common to leptospira interrogans. samples positive in elisa were then investigated by microscopic agglutination test for the identification of causal leptospires. antibodies specific to leptospires of serovars copenhageni, bratislava, australis and javanica were d ... | 2007 | 17579270 |