| development of antibodies to neuraminidase of a2-hong kong and a2-taiwan influenza viruses after administration of different hong kong vaccines and after natural infection in humans. | | 1973 | 4148207 |
| studies on the taiwan folk medicine; iii. a smooth muscle relaxant from onychium siliculosum, onitin. | | 1985 | 4034731 |
| the serological response of pigs experimentally infected with a species of taenia from taiwan. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibody in pigs infected with a possibly new species of taenia isolated in taiwan is described. the test antigen thfas was fractionated from the cyst fluid of a heterologous cestode taenia hydatigena. in lightly infected pigs (less than or equal to 4 recovered cysts at necropsy 17 weeks post-inoculation), antibody was detected as early as 3 weeks post-inoculation. in more heavily infected pigs (6-72 recovered cysts at necropsy 32 ... | 1989 | 2728318 |
| the pig as an intermediate host for taiwan taenia infection. | eggs (1000-100,000/animal) of taiwan taenia were inoculated per os into 14 small-ear-miniature (sem), 19 landrace-small-ear-miniature (l-sem), and 5 duroc-yorkshire-landrace (dyl) pigs. these animals were sacrificed 7-107 days after infection. thirty-four pigs were found to be infected with taiwan taenia cysticerci and the infection rates of sem, l-sem, and dyl were 86%, 89% and 100% respectively. the cysticerci recovery rates of sem, l-sem and dyl pigs were 27.2%, 1.7% and 0.27% respectively. c ... | 1990 | 2230032 |
| investigation of the hi titre of japanese encephalitis of swine on taiwan, republic of china. | | 1968 | 4301798 |
| incidence and characterization of listeria monocytogenes in foods available in taiwan. | a variety of foods were examined for the incidence of listeria monocytogenes, and the bacterial isolates were further characterized. l. monocytogenes was selected on licl-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar after enrichments and identified by several biochemical, mobility, and camp tests. l. monocytogenes was isolated from 58.8% of pork samples, 50% of chicken carcasses, 38% of turkey parts, 34% of frozen semiready foods, 24% of beef steaks, 12.2% of vegetables, 10.5% of seafoods, and 4.4% of frozen d ... | 1990 | 2126699 |
| occurrence of yersinia enterocolitica in pork products from northern taiwan. | | 1991 | 1935115 |
| serum thyroxine concentration in sows housed in a subtropical area. | | 1975 | 1171851 |
| a surveillance for japanese encephalitis (je) in pigs in southern taiwan. | | 1974 | 4371584 |
| eating habits of east asian people and transmission of taeniasis. | in order to understand the role of raw meat and viscera eating habits in the transmission of taeniasis in asian countries, 1502 infected aborigines in ten mountainous districts/towns of six counties in taiwan, 58 infected persons in two villages on cheju island, korea, and 97 cases in ambarita district on samosir island, north sumatra, indonesia were studied during the field surveys. all infected taiwan aborigines had the habit of eating raw meat and viscera of wild and/or domestic animals. amon ... | 1992 | 1356301 |
| experimental infection with taenia saginata (poland strain) in taiwanese pigs. | two 22-day-old landrace-small ear miniature (l-sem) pigs, five 45 to 66-day-old small ear miniature (sem) pigs, and one 16-day-old holstein calf were each fed 1000, 3000 or 10,000 taenia saginata (poland strain) eggs respectively and killed 34-77 days after inoculation. four of the five sem pigs and the holstein calf were susceptible to this parasite. however, two l-sem pigs and one sem pig remained negative. the cysticerci recovery rates for the sem pig and holstein calf were 36% and 3%, respec ... | 1992 | 1452995 |
| toxoplasmosis in taiwan. 3. evaluation of a modified technique for detection of cysts of toxoplasma gondii in swine brains. | | 1973 | 4572227 |
| a surveillance of human influenza virus in swine in southern taiwan. | from september 1970 to december 1971, samples were taken monthly from farm pigs, piglets and abattoir pigs in southern taiwan for virus isolations and serologic studies. a total of 10 strains of hemagglutinating agent were isolated in january and july 1971, following 2 epidemics of human influenza occurring in december 1970 and june 1971, respectively. three strains were antigenically confirmed as influenza a similar to a/hong kong/68 virus. | 1977 | 885670 |
| toxoplasmosis in taiwan. 5. detection of toxoplasma cysts from swine lymphnodes and its correlation with titer of indirect hemagglutination test. | | 1975 | 1055789 |
| piroplasms from taiwanese rodents. | piroplasms from naturally infected bandicoot rats, bandicota indica (hodgson), and spiny rats, rattus coxinga (swinhoe), from taiwan caused parasitemias in a wide range of laboratory animals after syringe passage in laboratory rats. bandicoot and spiny rats could be infected with heterologous piroplasms, but neither species was susceptible to infection with the gray strain of babesia microti (frança). nevertheless, the taiwan piroplasms are probably a geographic strain of b. microti. | 1977 | 881655 |
| host preference of mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis. | the host preference of 4 culex mosquito species collected in miaoli and pingtung counties, taiwan was studied by capillary precipitin method. antisera to alum-precipitated sera of man, bovine, swine, rabbit, horse, dog, cat, mouse, chicken, duck, and pigeon were produced in rabbits and reacted with 758 mosquito blood meals among which reactions to one or more antisera. culex annulus and culex tritaeniorhynchus summorosus showed a great avidity for pig, and culex fuscocephala for bovine. culex pi ... | 1975 | 181218 |
| studies of leptospirosis in taiwan (republic of china). | | 1970 | 5533718 |
| japanese encephalitis virus in northern taiwan, 1969-1973. | sentinel pigs were bled and mosiquitoes were collected for isolation of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) between 1969 and 1973 in a rural area of northern taiwan which reported a high annual incidence of human cases. the study site included a farmyard, schools, a bat cave, rice paddies and a heronry. although culex annulus was collected in every month of the year, isolations were made only in midsummer and only from culex annulus and (once) from culex tritaeniorhynchus. these isolates were usua ... | 1976 | 180845 |
| an outbreak of pseudorabies in swine in pingtung. | | 1972 | 4679460 |
| seroepidemiological studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma by fluorescent antibody techniques with cultured burkitt lymphoma cell. | | 1970 | 4194114 |
| isolation of toxoplasma during unsuccessful attempts to isolate rickettsiae from swine and rodents in taiwan. | | 1972 | 4208701 |
| [effects of the constituents of alpinia speciosa rhizoma on experimental ulcers]. | | 1987 | 3471847 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among inhabitants of tan-nan village, nantou county, taiwan. | the pork infected with cysticerci was sent to our laboratory in june 1971. microscopic examination revealed the infection of cysticercus cellulosae. subsequently, the source of the pork was traced, and the survey of intestinal parasitism was carried out among inhabitants at tan-nan village, hsin-i district, nantou county, taiwan, in august 1973. results obtained only indicated the presence rather than endemic of taeniasis solium in this village. the parasites and infection rates found in the pre ... | 1979 | 397878 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis test on human clonorchis sinensis infection. | a counterimmunoelectrophoresis test was used to detect antibodies against the adult worm antigen of clonorchis sinensis in sera from 70 clonorchiasis patients, 20 uninfected healthy persons and 7 patients infected with other helminths. a constant voltage of 10 v/cm and a running time of 30 minutes was chosen in carrying out detection. antibody titers of 1, 1:2 and 1:4 were obtained from 35, 21 and 14 clonorchiasis patients, respectively. significant correlation was observed between worm burden i ... | 1989 | 2699087 |
| reovirus antibodies among animals in taiwan. | serum specimens for reovirus antibody survey were collected from 60 pigs, 50 buffalos, 30 rabbits, 30 guinea pigs, 20 albino rats, 60 swiss mice, 15 taiwan monkeys, 14 goats and 12 dogs. serum antibodies were measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. hi antibodies to reovirus were found in a high percentage of pigs, albino rats, swiss mice, dogs and goats, and less frequently in rabbits, guinea pigs, taiwan monkeys and buffalos. | 1976 | 827427 |
| studies of taeniasis in taiwan. xii. prevalence of taeniasis among atayal aborigines in wufeng district, hsinchu county, northwest taiwan. | in order to determine the prevalence of taeniasis in the wufeng district of hsinchu county, 341 school children from 2 primary schools and 748 atayal aborigines from 4 villages were examined with a scotch tape perianal swab and by questionnaire and demonstration of proglottides. the infection rates of taeniasis and enterobiasis among the school children were 1% and 8%, respectively. the overall infection rate of taeniasis among the atayal aborigines was 6%, and 189 previously treated and cured p ... | 1990 | 2352317 |
| ecology of japanese encephalitis virus on taiwan in 1968. | | 1970 | 4316617 |
| the effect of vaccination with a live attenuated strain of japanese encephalitis virus on stillbirths in swine in taiwan. | since an excellent candidate strain (m) for live virus vaccination of swine against japanese encephalitis was developed, a number of large vaccination programmes have been implemented in japan with the aim of controlling japanese encephalitis epidemics in man by reducing the population size of nonimmune swine. encouraging results have been obtained but no studies have been made on the benefits of live-virus vaccination to the industry. in order to determine the effect of vaccination upon the num ... | 1972 | 4340690 |
| host-feeding patterns and behaviour of 4 culex species in an endemic area of japanese encephalitis. | studies were made on the host-feeding patterns and behaviour of 4 culex species in china (province of taiwan) to further assess their importance as vectors of japanese encephalitis. a relatively unbiased, non-attractant technique (vacuum sweep-net) was used for collecting mosquitos resting outdoors on rural premises; blood meals from engorged specimens were identified by precipitin tests. additional information was obtained by analysing data from related studies. precipitin-test results indicate ... | 1973 | 4367780 |
| clonorchiasis in taiwan. | since ohi in 1915 found clonorchiasis patients in taiwan, many surveys have shown that miao-li in the north, sun-moon lake in the middle and mei-nung in the south of taiwan are three important endemic areas of clonorchiasis. in recent studies, the disease showed a tendency to extend its endemicity. rats, cats, dogs and pigs are the natural reservoir hosts, and 17 species of fresh water fish are also infected with metacercaria. one definitive snail host, parafossarulus manchouricus, and two other ... | 1991 | 1822883 |
| epidemiology of swine toxoplasmosis in taiwan. | from july 1987 to june 1988, serum samples from 3,880 pigs from eight geographic locations in taiwan were examined for toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the latex agglutination test (la test) and igm-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (igm-elisa). a total of 1,073 samples (27.65%) were positive by the la test. the percentage of positive reactions varied by location as follows: taoyuan 44.44% (128/288), taichung 27.60% (183/663), tainan 22.28% (119/534), kaohsiung 19.60% (98/500), pingtung 17.92% ... | 1991 | 1822866 |
| seasonal infection of culex mosquitos and swine with japanese encephalitis virus. | a year-round study of the infection rates of je virus in culex mosquitos was made during 1970-71 in 2 hamlets in taoyuan county, china (province of taiwan). je virus was recovered from 5 of 314 pools of c. annulus, and from 1 of 22 pools of c. tritaeniorhynchus; these recoveries occurred during a 14-day period in july 1971. none of the 288 pools of c. p. fatigans, which had been collected between october and april, was positive. in addition, sentinel swine were assessed for antibody and virus. a ... | 1973 | 4369158 |
| a team approach to a disease survey on an aboriginal island (orchid island, taiwan). v. arboviral, rickettsial and brucella antibodies on orchid island. | | 1974 | 4370641 |
| studies on the susceptibility of water buffaloes to leptospira. | eight mature farming type, taiwan, water buffaloes were inoculate with l. australis a while six received l. canicola. before inoculation all animals were negative to the microscopic-agglutination test (agglutinationlysis test) using the above species as antigen. no sign of clinical leptospirosis was observed although four animals developed temperatures. cultures made from buffalo blood, kidneys and urine and from blood of guinea pigs inoculated with kidney emulsion and urine from the inoculated ... | 1968 | 4233835 |
| serologic study of toxoplasmosis in taiwan. | toxoplasma gondii antibody titers as determined by either the indirect hemagglutination test or the methylene blue dye test were determined for a group of aborigines and for chinese as well as for swine, cats, rats, dogs and one bovine, all resident on the island of taiwan. none of the 194 aborigines and only 3 (1.97%) of the 152 chinese were found to be positive. of 433 swine tested 132 (30.5%) were positive. thirteen (27.7%) of 47 domestic pet cats were positive while none of 11 feral cats we ... | 1975 | 1166342 |
| haemorrhagic bowel syndrome in pigs in taiwan. | | 1973 | 4545042 |
| a catalogue of the zoonoses of taiwan. | | 1972 | 4571608 |
| an epizootic of aujeszky's disease in swine in taiwan: virus isolation, identification, and seroepidemiological studies. | | 1972 | 4598541 |
| monoclonal antibodies for characterizing h3n2 influenza viruses that persist in pigs in china. | | 1987 | 2433358 |
| arbovirus infections in reptiles: studies on the presence of japanese encephalitis virus antibody in the plasma of the turtle, trionyx sinensis. | this study was undertaken to examine further the natural infection of poikilothermic animals e.g. turtles, to japanese encephalitis (je) virus. plasma samples from 75 soft-shelled fresh water turtles (trionyx sinensis wiegman) from china were examined in virus neutralization (vn) and hemagglutination inhibition (hai) tests for the presence of specific antibody. the total incidence of antibody detected by either test to a titer of 10 or greater was 89% while 77% and 60% were positive by vn and ha ... | 1975 | 170690 |
| natural adaption to pigs of a taiwanese isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | | 1997 | 9290197 |
| [virulence of tubercle bacilli isolated from untreated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in four different districts of the western pacific]. | | 1967 | 4966674 |
| survey of salmonellae in mesenteric lymph nodes, gallbladder wall and jejunum from healthy pigs slaughtered in taiwan. | a study made in taiwan showed that 23.3 per cent of healthy slaughter pigs were infected with salmonellae. samples of gallbladder wall/liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum wall were found to yield salmonellae in 16.4, 5.2 and 11.6 per cent of cases respectively. salmonellae isolated belonged to nine different serotypes, s. london being the serotype most frequently isolated (26.8%) followed by s. anatum, s. panama (16.1% each) and s. typhimurium (12.5%). of the total number of salmonellae is ... | 1978 | 581572 |
| gnathostoma doloresi from pigs in taiwan. | | 1974 | 4479132 |
| escherichia coli originated from diarrhea of suckling piglets in taiwan. i. incidence of diarrhea. | | 1984 | 6399333 |
| escherichia coli originated from diarrhea of suckling piglets in taiwan. iv. drug resistance. | | 1984 | 6399723 |
| hong kong a-2 influenza virus infection among swine during a human epidemic in taiwan. | | 1970 | 5477012 |
| prophylactic effect of tea on pathogenic microorganism infections to humans and animals. (ii). protozoacidal effect on toxoplasma gondii in vitro and mice. | the trophozoites of toxoplasma gondii strain (rh) obtained from the peritoneal exudate of infected mice were treated with tea in various concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3 and 5% for 0.5, 1 and 3 hours, respectively. after treatment, they were intraperitoneally inoculated into the mice to observe the protozoacidal effect of tea. the results obtained are as follows: 1) oolong tea and green tea had stronger protozoacidal effect than black tea. 2) the lowest and effective concentration of tea tested to ki ... | 1982 | 7169306 |
| epidemiologic profile of anti-pig natural antibodies in the taiwan population. | | 1994 | 8029944 |
| cinnamophilin, a novel thromboxane a2 receptor antagonist, isolated from cinnamomum philippinense. | the pharmacological activity of cinnamophilin ((8r,8's)-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7-oxo-8,8'-neolignan), isolated from cinnamomum philippinense, was studied in isolated rat aorta, guinea-pig trachea and rabbit platelets. cinnamophilin was found to be a thromboxane a2 receptor blocking agent in these tissues as revealed by its competitive antagonism of the u-46619 (9,11-dideoxymethanoepoxy-9 alpha,11 alpha-prostaglandin f2 alpha)-induced contraction of rat aorta and guinea-pig trachea and agg ... | 1994 | 8026563 |
| studies on trypanosomes in the taiwan monkey. | fifty-three or 9% of 594 taiwan monkeys, macaca cyclopis, were found infected with a trypanosome species. the parasites were recovered from monkey blood in diaphasic blood-agar culture medium with a locke's solution overlay. trypanosomes were found on only a few thick blood smears and no dividing or multiplying forms were found. some of the organisms had a free-flagellum (4.7 microns), an undulating membrane and both ends of the body were pointed. the total length averaged 41.7 microns; nucleus ... | 1983 | 6673131 |
| morphological description of taenia saginata asiatica (cyclophyllidea: taeniidae) from man in asia. | in order to clarify the taxonomic status of the taenia saginata-like tapeworm in east asia, the morphological characteristics of the adult and cysticercus of classical t. saginata (american, swiss and poland strains) and the taiwan taenia were compared in the present study. the morphologic characteristics of these two parasites are very similar. the protoscolex of cysticercus of the taiwan taenia has a sunken rostellum while that of classical t. saginata has only an apical pit. in addition, the ... | 1995 | 8583124 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of three envelope genes of classical swine fever virus taiwan isolate p97. | a strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv) has been isolated in taiwan. the cdna coding for three envelope glycoproteins e1, e2 and e3 were molecularly cloned from purified viral particles using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method and sequence-specific primers. the resulting pcr products (1113 bp for e1. 699 bp for e2 and 567 bp for e3) were cloned into the smai site of puc19 and then subjected to dna sequence analysis. data showed that nucleotide sequence of ... | 1996 | 8738176 |
| 129i concentrations of mammalian thyroids in taiwan. | the 129i and 129i/127i ratios in mammalian thyroids were determined by neutron activation analysis to estimate the 129i concentrations in the biosphere due to fallout accumulation during the past decades in this island. the average 129i/127i ratio in thyroids of grazing animals, bovine and ovine, is about 1 x 10(-9), three times higher than that of hogs. the 129i/127i ratio in twin water collected during the same period was found to be as high as 1.7 x 10(-8) and it is supposed to be the predomi ... | 1996 | 9043144 |
| [seroepidemiological investigation on japanese encephalitis in taiwan (january 1989-december 1991)]. | the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test was used to detect sero-confirmed cases of clinically suspected japanese encephalitis. the results revealed a total of 76 sero-confirmed cases; 24, 27 and 25 cases respectively for the year 1989, 1990 and 1991. the percentages of sero-confirmed cases with respect to reported cases were 12.97%, 12.33%, 10.04% respectively. the mean percentage was 11.64%. the mean number of sero-confirmed cases in recent three years was 25, and morbidity rate per 100,000 p ... | 1993 | 8131659 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in taiwan. | | 1997 | 9141228 |
| experimental studies on the pathway for migration and the development of taiwan taenia in domestic pigs. | the pig is the most favorable experimental intermediate host of taiwan taenia. cysticerci in infected pigs are located in the liver except for a few extrahepatic ones. the present study was designed to investigate the pathway of migration of the oncospheres of taiwan taenia in the pig. in the first group, each of 5 small-ear-miniature (sem) and one landrace-small-ear-miniature (l-sem) pigs were injected with 5000 hatched oncospheres into the ear vein. three sem and one l-sem pigs were found to h ... | 1996 | 9198595 |
| in vitro hatched oncospheres of asian taenia from korea and taiwan develop into cysticerci in the peritoneal cavity of female scid (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. | in vitro hatched (but not activated) oncospheres of asian taenia obtained in korea and taiwan, prepared by the sodium hypochlorite method, rinsed with sterile pbs several times and adjusted to 5 x 10(4)/0.5 ml pbs, were injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously into male or female scid mice of 3 different strains. when these scid mice were sacrificed 4 months later, the females harboured fully developed cysticerci either in the peritoneal cavity or under the back skin, whereas males did not. ... | 1997 | 9229246 |
| prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in swine herds in taiwan. | | 1997 | 9265712 |
| the prevalence of taenia solium metacestodes in pigs in northern tanzania. | eighty three carcasses of pigs were examined at three abattoirs in moshi, arusha and mbulu in northern tanzania. taenia solium metacestodes were found in all the three abattoirs with an overall prevalence of 13.3%. during routine meat inspection in kiboroloni, moshi 6.2-6.9% of the pigs were found to harbour t. solium metacestodes. the mean number of hooks on the protoscolices was 27 and the length of the small hooks varied from 105 microns to 130 microns while that of the larger hooks varied fr ... | 1995 | 7636157 |
| genomic organisation of a virulent taiwanese strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) infection causes 65% of infectious piglet diarrhoea in taiwan. a virulent taiwanese strain, tfi, of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) from a field outbreak was isolated in cell culture and plaque purified. phenotypic differences were observed in the ability of tfi to infect certain cell lines. tgev strains tlm-83 (prcv belgium), to-163 (tgev japan) and purdue-115 (tgev usa) infected both st (swine testis) and rptg (pig kidney) cell lines whereas tfi i ... | 1993 | 8209736 |
| isolation and identification of swine rotavirus in taiwan. | large numbers of viral particles resembling rotavirus were detected with negative stained electron microscopy in bacteria free fecal filtrate obtained from 10-day old diarrheal suckling piglets of a conventional pig farm in taiwan. the clinical signs of vomiting and diarrhea were reproduced in colostrum deprived piglets artificially infected with the fecal filtrates. rotavirus particles persisted in the fecal samples after two in vivo serial passages, and was not seen in the uninfected control a ... | 1982 | 6291876 |
| introduction into japan of pathogenic yersinia through imported pork, beef and fowl. | yersinia was isolated from imported raw meat and fowl products by hela cell treatment and conventional koh-treatment, to obtain information on the origin of pathogenic yersinia in japan. forty-one strains of yersinia enterocolitica and one strain of yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serotype 4b were isolated from 38 (3.0%) of 1278 samples of pork, two (0.3%) of 612 samples of beef and two (0.3%) of 615 samples of chicken. y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to b:4/o:3 (biotype/serotype, 15 strains), ... | 1997 | 9105929 |
| metacercariae in fishes of sun moon lake which is an endemic area for clonorchis sinensis in taiwan. | the sun moon lake in central taiwan is a known endemic area for clonorchiasis. of the 45 fresh water fish, hemiculter leucisculus, from the lake that were examined by artificial gastric juice digestion in october 1995, all were found to harbor metacercariae in their muscle. the number of metacercariae isolated from each fish ranged from 2 to 2,185, with an average of 254. a total of 11,443 metacercariae was collected from the 45 fish. of the 4,223 metacercaria that were examined under light micr ... | 1997 | 9656382 |
| a brief report on the production of primary specific-pathogen free pigs by hysterectomy in taiwan, republic of china. | | 1968 | 5700139 |
| japanese encephalitis virus surveillance in the taipei area, taiwan in 1978. | attempts were made to isolate japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected with three light traps operated twice a week at three sentinel pigpens in the taipei area from may to oct. 1978. a total of 6,549 mosquitoes trapped alive were processed in 283 pools. suspensions were inoculated into aedes albopictus cell cultures and into suckling mice. a total of 19 je virus isolates were made; 12 from pools of cx. tritaeniorhynchus, 6 from cx. annulus and one from cx. quinquefaciatus. sindbis ... | 1980 | 6107994 |
| structures and biological activities of new wasp venom peptides isolated from the black-bellied hornet (vespa basalis) venom. | the black-bellied hornet (vespa basalis) is the most dangerous species of vespine wasps found in taiwan. the hornet possesses a highly toxic venom which is rich in toxin, enzymes and biologically active peptides. using ultrafiltration to remove the high molecular weight toxin and enzymes followed by reverse-phase hplc, three bioactive tridecapeptides, designated "hp-1, hp-2 and hp-3" were isolated from the venom. their amino acid sequences were determined as: hp-1: lfrliaktlgslm, hp-2: lfrllantl ... | 1998 | 9643473 |
| organ transplant surgery and biology in taiwan. | | 1999 | 10455945 |
| the economic evaluation of control and eradication of epidemic livestock diseases. | many countries have implemented strategies to control and eradicate epidemic diseases. these strategies are usually based on either stamping-out or routine vaccination, sometimes complemented by emergency vaccination. the authors describe these strategies, using examples to illustrate each one. the economic evaluation of control and eradication of epidemic diseases is a complex matter. the authors provide further insight into this area by describing the various elements involved in both the 'non ... | 1999 | 10472674 |
| identity of a novel swine hepatitis e virus in taiwan forming a monophyletic group with taiwan isolates of human hepatitis e virus. | recently, we found that more than 10% of the cases of acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in taiwan were caused by a novel strain of hepatitis e virus (hev). since none of these patients had a history of travel to areas where hev is endemic, the source of transmission remains unclear. the recent discovery of a swine hev in herd pigs in the united states has led us to speculate that hev may also circulate in herd pigs in taiwan and may serve as a reservoir for hev in taiwan. of 275 herd pigs obta ... | 1999 | 10565892 |
| genetic determinants of altered virulence of taiwanese foot-and-mouth disease virus. | in 1997, a devastating outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in taiwan was caused by a serotype o virus (referred to here as otai) with atypical virulence. it produced high morbidity and mortality in swine but did not affect cattle. we have defined the genetic basis of the species specificity of otai by evaluating the properties of genetically engineered chimeric viruses created from otai and a bovine-virulent fmd virus. these studies have shown that an altered nonstructural protein, 3a, is a ... | 2000 | 10623761 |
| characteristics of foot and mouth disease virus in taiwan. | since march 1997 two strains of foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus have found their way into taiwan, causing severe outbreaks in pigs and in chinese yellow cattle. outbreaks occurred in march 1997 were caused by a pig-adapted virus strain (o/taiwan/97) which did not infect other species of cloven-hoofed animals by natural route. the epidemic spread over the whole region of taiwan within two months and the aftermath was 6,147 pig farms infected and 3,850,746 pigs destroyed. in june 1999, the seco ... | 2000 | 10945282 |
| sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid protein gene of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus taiwan md-001 strain. | the 3'-portion of the genome from a taiwan isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus, strain md-001, was cloned and sequenced. the resultant 549 nucleotides contained an open reading frame with a coding capacity of 123 amino acids (predicted mr 13,600). the predicted protein corresponds to the nucleocapsid protein, the gene product of orf7. comparative sequence analysis of several known prrsv strains indicated that this protein showed the highest degree of amino acid ... | 1998 | 9782360 |
| epidemiological characteristics and financial costs of the 1997 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in taiwan. | between march and july 1997, a devastating outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), serotype o, occurred in pigs in taiwan. a total of 6,147 pig farms with more than 4 million pigs were infected, and 37.7 per cent of the pigs in taiwan either died (0.18 million pigs) or were killed (3.85 million pigs). the epidemic reached its peak during the fifth week after it was first recognised. during the eighth and ninth weeks, a two-dose blanket vaccination programme was instituted which led to a large ... | 1999 | 10972111 |
| isolation, serotyping and drug resistance of salmonellae in scouring pigs in taiwan. | the incidence of salmonellae in scouring pigs (from 6 to 16 weeks of age) in taiwan was investigated by means of rectal swab survey and a study of necropsy pigs. the rectal swab survey revealed salmonellae in 62 (9.5%) of 655 scouring feeder pigs. salmonellae isolates belonged to 10 different serotypes. of these, s. typhimurium was the serotype most frequently isolated (41.5%) and the second one was s. panama (10.8). of 69 samples of internal organs from the feeder pigs died of scouring and sept ... | 1983 | 6675900 |
| [a preliminary study on epidemiology of fasciolopsiasis in tainan hsien, south taiwan]. | stool samples of 817 children (grades 4-6) from 3 primary schools, were collected and examined by the antiformin-ether concentration technique. results showed no cases of fasciolopsis were found from liu-ying primary school (liu-ying hsiang), but infection rates of this fluke were found to be 13.0% and 3.5% for ho-chien and tung-hsing primary schools (hsia-ying hsiang) respectively. fourteen infected children had recent experience of eating raw water caltrops. on the other hand, only 8(21.6%) of ... | 1984 | 6468026 |
| the importance of immediate destruction in epidemics of foot and mouth disease. | foot and mouth disease is still prevalent in many parts of the world, as emphasised by the recent devastating epidemic in pig farms in taiwan. a discrete time mechanistic model has been used to describe the spread of infection in both this epidemic and the 1967 to 1968 epidemic in the uk. the force of infection and basic reproduction number are estimated and the sensitivity of these results to the distributions of both the latent and infectious periods of the disease is examined. epidemic simula ... | 2000 | 11020374 |
| molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated from ruminants in taiwan in 1999-2000. | in 1999, 10 sporadic outbreaks of cattle foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) occurred in taiwan. by the time, infection was limited to the chinese yellow cattle (a native species of beef cattle in mainland china), which did not develop vesicular lesions under field conditions. five viruses isolates obtained from individual farms were confirmed to be the serotype o fmd virus (o/taiwan/1999). during january-february 2000, however, this virus has spread to dairy cattle and goat herds, causing severe morta ... | 2001 | 11390103 |
| monitoring of fmd virus non-structural protein 3ab antibody in intensive pig farms after a severe outbreak of fmd. | | 2003 | 12974342 |
| vaccination trials against taiwan taenia eggs in pigs injected with frozen oncospheres of taiwan taenia, korea taenia, t. saginata or t. solium. | when small-ear-miniature pigs subcutaneously injected once with frozen oncospheres of taiwan taenia, korea taenia, t. saginata or t. solium emulsified with freund's complete adjuvant (1.6 x 10(4)/0.4 ml) were challenged orally with 1.6 x 10(4) viable eggs of taiwan taenia 41 days later, they all showed strong resistance compared with pigs vaccinated with t. solium. most pigs (5/8) of the former 3 groups harboured no cysticerci. the number of cysticerci was 5.5 +/- 9.1 (mean +/- s.d.), whereas pi ... | 1997 | 9172425 |
| the use of antibiotics critical to human medicine in food-producing animals in taiwan. | there are increasing public health concerns about antibiotics used in food-producing animals that may contribute to the development of resistance in human pathogens. such resistance may be critical to human medicine when resistance develops to drugs that treat certain pathogens of which there is no good alternative therapy. we surveyed 10 farms, eight feed mills, and one animal drug distributor in taiwan to determine the major antibiotics used in food-producing animals, and the extent of use of ... | 2001 | 11456367 |
| exposure assessment to airborne endotoxin, dust, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in open style swine houses. | information is limited for the exposure levels of airborne hazardous substances in swine feed buildings that are not completely enclosed. open-style breeding, growing and finishing swine houses in six farms in subtropical taiwan were studied for the airborne concentrations of endotoxin, dust, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. the air in the farrowing and nursery stalls as partially enclosed was also simultaneously evaluated. three selected gases and airborne dusts were quantified res ... | 2001 | 11513795 |
| parasitic infections among the aborigines in taiwan with special emphasis on taeniasis asiatica. | according to the results obtained by our laboratory and the department of parasitology, taipei medical college, from 1995 to 1998, the overall infection rate of enterobiasis was 16% (4-29%) among 4,426 primary school students at 64 schools in 13 mountainous districts of 10 counties, and the infection rate of head louse infestation was 12% (3-26%) among 5,121 students. a continuous series of field studies on epidemiology and chemotherapy of taeniasis asiatica have been conducted between 1971 and ... | 2001 | 11411254 |
| identification and differentiation of bear bile used in medicinal products in taiwan. | one hundred eighty-three suspect bear bile used in medicinal products, collected in taiwan as gall bladders or dried powder forms, were analyzed using ftir, hptlc, and hplc techniques to identify whether they are indeed bear bile. those confirmed were further examined to determine whether the observed analytical parameters can be reliably used for source inference, i.e., differentiating products among north american black bear, farmed asiatic black bear, polar bear, etc. our data suggested that ... | 1997 | 9304828 |
| persistence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in intensive farrow-to-finish pig herds. | an epidemiological study of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) within pig herds was conducted in 8 intensive farrow-to-finish pig farms. persistence of prrs virus (prrsv) in pig herds was demonstrated by regular postmortem examination on 2 farms for a period of 2 y. virus isolation and serum neutralization (sn) tests were performed on the sera collected from 9 groups of pigs (10 pigs/group) of various ages on 8 pig farms. except for 1 farm, isolation rates of prrsv reached the ... | 1997 | 9342454 |
| managing an animal health emergency in taipei china: foot and mouth disease. | taipei china had been free from foot and mouth disease (fmd) over 68 years before the disease occurred in march 1997. the first suspected case was recorded on a pig farm in the hsinchu prefecture on 14 march 1997. based on clinical signs, gross histopathological findings, and results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests, diagnosis of fmd was confirmed by the taiwan animal health research institute on 19 march 1997 and was reconfirmed by ... | 1999 | 10190214 |
| experimental studies on small hooks preceding large hooks in the growth and development of taenia solium metacestodes. | in the present study, we have determined the growth and development pattern of rostellar hooklets of taenia solium cysticerci (zhengzhou and harbin strains) in three pigs (1 sem and 2 l-sem strains) 89-196 days post experimental infection. a total of 3,675 cysticerci were collected from 3 pigs, 3,007 (82%) of 3,675 cysticerci were evaginated by enzyme method. 439 (15%) evaginated cysticerci were carefully examined and measured after dehydration, staining, and mounting on microscopic slides. amon ... | 2001 | 11556578 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid analysis of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated in taiwan. | sixty actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) strains from pigs in taiwan were examined. serotyping revealed that these belonged to serovars 1 (n=53), 2 (n=3), and 5 (n=4). agar disk diffusion susceptibility testing of the isolates showed 55 (92%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. six resistance patterns were observed. ampicillin-chloramphenicol-flumequine-nalidixic acid-streptomycin-sulfonamide/trimethoprim-tetracycline was the most common multi-resistance pattern. minimal inh ... | 2002 | 11731169 |
| isolation of an aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain ns-2 from the activated sludge of piggery wastewater treatment systems in taiwan possessing denitrification under 92% oxygen atmosphere. | to isolate aerobic denitrifying bacteria which will be applied to piggery wastewater treatment facilities for enhanced nitrate and nitrite removal. | 2001 | 11722663 |
| the epidemiology of japanese encephalitis on taiwan during 1966-1997. | japanese encephalitis (je) is an endemic disease in taiwan. a mass vaccination program of children against je was first implemented in 1968. along with general improvements in various aspects of living conditions over the years, the program has brought je well under control. the main characteristics of je epidemiology in taiwan in the past 3 decades are as follows. the transmission mode remains unchanged-that is, the amplification stage of the virus in pigs is followed by a human epidemic each y ... | 1999 | 10432061 |
| cytochrome b gene for species identification of the conservation animals. | a partial dna sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to identify the remains of endangered animals and species endemic to taiwan. the conservation of animals species included in this study were: the formosan gem-faced civets, leopard cats, tigers, clouded leopards, lion, formosan muntjacs, formosan sika deers, formosan sambars, formosan serows, water buffalo, formosan pangolins and formosan macaques. the control species used included domestic cats, domestic dogs, domestic sheeps, domestic cattle ... | 2001 | 11587860 |
| clinical and epidemiological implications of swine hepatitis e virus infection. | in nonendemic areas, most patients with acute hepatitis e were infected through traveling to endemic areas. however, some patients did not have a history of foreign travel before infection. furthermore, high seroprevalence rates of antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) were found in the general adult population in some countries without any recorded outbreak of hepatitis e. the significance of anti-hev assay in these subjects remains obscure. to study if swine might be a source of hev infecti ... | 2000 | 10596016 |
| one-year (2003) nationwide pork carcass microbiological baseline data survey in taiwan. | from january through december 2003, swab samples from 1,650 pork carcasses were collected from 39 slaughter plants in taiwan. these samples were analyzed for the prevalence of indicator microorganisms and specific pathogens. viable aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, and escherichia coli were recovered from 100, 95.3, and 87.5% of these carcasses, respectively. of those carcasses that harbored bacteria, the mean aerobic plate, total coliform, and escherichia coli counts were 4.0, 0.6, and 0.1 log ... | 2005 | 15771166 |
| emerging and re-emerging epidemic encephalitis: a tale of two viruses. | two major epidemics of viral encephalitis occurred in asia in 1997 and 1998. the first was a re-emergence of neurovirulent strains of enterovirus 71, which caused severe encephalomyelitis in children in malaysia, taiwan and japan, on a background of hand, foot and mouth disease. necropsy studies of patients who died of enterovirus 71 infection showed severe perivascular cuffing, parenchymal inflammation and neuronophagia in the spinal cord, brainstem and diencephalon, and in focal areas in the c ... | 2000 | 10931364 |
| spread of hepatitis e virus among different-aged pigs: two-year survey in taiwan. | swine are reservoirs of hepatitis e virus (hev). in this study, a 2-year survey of hev in feces and sera of swine was conducted to determine if: 1) hev has circulated among pigs for some time in taiwan; 2) the spread of hev among different-aged pigs; and 3) there exists hev strains possibly imported through trading. from 1998-2000, 521 serum samples and 54 fecal specimens from pigs were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. none of the 11 pigs in suckling stage (< 2 months ... | 2002 | 11857526 |
| suspended onion particles and potential corneal injury in onion harvesters. | the authors suspected that suspended onion particles contributed to corneal ulcers in onion harvesters in southern taiwan. in the present study, the authors used manikins to study suspended onion particles in fields in an effort to simulate typical conditions experienced by onion harvesters. an animal eye-exposure simulation study was also performed by the authors, who impacted suspended soil grains or onion particles onto the corneas of guinea pigs via aerosol generated from the palas dispersio ... | 2002 | 12071365 |
| the emergence in taiwan of fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis. | salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis is a cause of serious systemic infections. because fluoroquinolones are the drug of choice for the treatment of severe salmonella infections, the emergence and dissemination of fluoroquinolone-resistant s. enterica serotype choleraesuis have clinical consequences. | 2002 | 11832529 |
| towards a control model for the highly cybernetic farming ecosystems. | a dynamic model based on the linear systems theory is developed in designing a highly cybernetic farming strategy to efficiently manage residuals generated in farm ecosystems. a linear cybemetic model would be used to describe the dynamic behavior of resource flow in the farm ecosystem in which the state variables are resource quantities, and the control variables are residual quantities. the controlled process is defined as the controlled management strategy change. cybemetic mechanism shows th ... | 2000 | 11069018 |
| reappraisal of the role of the bilioenteric conduit in the pathogenesis of postoperative cholangitis. | the incidence of postoperative cholangitis has changed very little despite progressive improvement in the treatment of biliary atresia. the role of the bilioenteric conduit in its pathogenesis is still uncertain. a retrospective study of 39 patients undergoing either a conventional kasai operation (group 1, n = 20) or with placement of an antireflux valve (group 2, n = 10) or lengthening (group 3, n = 9) of the jejunal conduit from 40 to 60 cm was performed to compare the incidence of cholangiti ... | 2000 | 10663830 |
| assessing pollution prevention program by qual2e simulation analysis for the kao-ping river basin, taiwan. | wise and sustainable uses of water resources are essential for an effective river-basin-management planning. recent management strategy further addresses the fact that quantity and quality of water are closely interrelated, and both must be considered simultaneously for all water resources and water quality management practices. the aim of this paper is to explore the impacts of water resources redistribution and pollution prevention actions between and within river basins simultaneously in sout ... | 2001 | 11381459 |