| associations between clinical disease, circulating antibodies and c1q-binding immune complexes in human onchocerciasis. | onchocerciasis is a disease where often there are high levels of serum antibodies and high parasitic loads. the role of immune complexes in the development of the disease is investigated here by studying non-specific and onchocerca volvulus specific immune complex levels, as well as the antibody concentrations, in the sera of 372 people living in either southern (199) or northern (173) sudan; sera from sudanese individuals (31) and caucasians (21) living outside the onchocerciasis endemic area w ... | 1987 | 3498141 |
| onchocerciasis in sudan: the abu hamed focus. | the current status of onchocerciasis in abu hamed, northern province, sudan, was studied. of 208 persons attending out-patient clinics in villages in this region, 71 were microfilariae-positive on skin snips or had palpable nodules. microfilariae and worms in nodules were identified as onchocerca volvulus. no microfilariae were seen in peripheral blood. most nodules and microfilariae were found in the pelvic region, but the intensity of infection was uniformly low (av. less than 3 mf/mg). despit ... | 1985 | 4082257 |
| characterization of a variant tandem repeat from sudanese onchocerca volvulus. | strategies for detection and control of onchocerciasis in africa have included identification of dna probes and pcr target sequences for sensitive and specific detection of parasites. to evaluate the applicability of published pcr and dna probe based methods for the study of onchocerciasis in sudan, we collected adult o. volvulus from geographically distinct regions of sudan (700 miles apart), abu hamed (northern desert) and raja (southwestern savannah), and we examined the similarities between ... | 1993 | 8367658 |
| the burden of onchocerca volvulus in sudan. | onchocerciasis has been reported in sudan since 1908 and now prevails in three endemic regions known as the southern, northern and eastern foci. the southern focus is the largest, with nodule and blindness rates exceeding 80% and 12%, respectively, in certain villages. onchocercal infection in this region causes only a mild skin reaction although microfilarial loads in the skin are high. in contrast, those with onchocerciasis in the northern focus, located between the fourth and fifth nile catar ... | 1998 | 9861278 |
| onchocerca volvulus: genetic diversity of parasite isolates from sudan. | onchocerciasis in sudan exists in three distinct foci which exhibit differing clinical presentations. previous studies have demonstrated that a tandemly repeated onchocerca sequence family with a unit repeat length of 150 bp (the o-150 family) is a useful marker for deducing relationships among different o. volvulus populations. in the current study, the o-150 repeat families of o. volvulus from sudan were analyzed and compared to each other and to those of parasites from west africa. similar to ... | 2001 | 11207111 |
| polymerase chain reaction pool screening used to compare prevalence of infective black flies in two onchocerciasis foci in northern sudan. | abstract. onchocerciasis remains an important debilitating disease in many areas of africa, including sudan. the status of infection transmission in 2007 was assessed in the vectors of two disease foci in sudan: abu hamed in northern sudan, which has received at least 10 years of annual treatment and galabat focus in eastern sudan, where only minor, largely undocumented treatment activity has occurred. assessment of more than 30,000 black flies for onchocerca volvulus infectious stage l3 larvae ... | 2011 | 21540385 |
| nodding syndrome in mundri county, south sudan: environmental, nutritional and infectious factors. | nodding syndrome is a seizure disorder of children in mundri county, western equatoria, south sudan. the disorder is reported to be spreading in south sudan and northern uganda. | 2013 | 24235915 |
| the first confirmed elimination of an onchocerciasis focus in africa: abu hamed, sudan. | mass treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis was stopped in 2012 in abu hamed, an isolated focus on the river nile in northern sudan. a 3-year posttreatment surveillance (pts) ensued, at the end of which an evaluation was conducted in 2015 following the current world health organization guidelines for verification of onchocerciasis elimination. vector black flies were collected from sentinel breeding sites and finger-prick bloodspots were collected from children ≤ 10 years of age resident i ... | 2016 | 27352878 |
| nodding syndrome-a new hypothesis and new direction for research. | nodding syndrome (ns) is an unexplained neurological illness that mainly affects children aged between 5 and 15 years. ns has so far been reported from south sudan, northern uganda, and tanzania, but in spite of extensive investigations, the aetiology remains unknown. we hypothesize that blackflies (diptera: simuliidae) infected with onchocerca volvulus microfilariae may also transmit another pathogen. this may be a novel neurotropic virus or an endosymbiont of the microfilariae, which causes no ... | 2014 | 25181949 |
| nodding syndrome - south sudan, 2011. | in november 2010, the ministry of health of the proposed nation of south sudan requested cdc assistance in investigating a recent increase and geographic clustering of an illness resulting in head nodding and seizures. the outbreak was suspected to be nodding syndrome, an unexplained neurologic condition characterized by episodes of repetitive dropping forward of the head, often accompanied by other seizure-like activity, such as convulsions or staring spells. the condition predominantly affects ... | 2012 | 22278159 |