| current seroepidemiology of hepatitis d virus infection among hepatitis b surface antigen carriers of general and high-risk populations in taiwan. | in order to assess the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection in taiwan where hepatitis b virus (hbv) is hyperendemic, a total of 756 voluntary blood donors, 641 prostitutes, 1,014 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (stds), and 628 drug abusers were studied. radioimmunoassays were used for testing hbv infection markers and antibody against hdv (anti-hdv) among hbsag carriers. the anti-hdv prevalence among hbsag carriers was significantly higher in std patients (9. ... | 1992 | 1460460 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of an isolate of hepatitis delta virus from taiwan. | the genomic rna of an asian isolate of hepatitis delta virus was cloned from a chinese patient from taiwan, using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify cdna for cloning and sequencing. the sequence of this hepatitis delta virus isolate shares an 86% to 88% similarity with the three published hepatitis delta virus rna sequences, suggesting heterogeneity of hepatitis delta viruses from different geographical areas. four highly conserved, long stretches of sequence were found. these four regions ... | 1991 | 1995441 |
| hepatitis d virus infection in a hyperendemic area of chronic hepatitis b virus infection: the taiwan experience. | | 1991 | 2020724 |
| hepatitis delta virus superinfection among patients with chronic hepatitis b in southern taiwan. | to study the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) superinfection among patients with chronic hepatitis in southern taiwan, total and igm anti-delta antibody (anti-hd) and delta antigen (hdag) were determined in 85 histology-proven patients with chronic hepatitis. there were 12/85 (14.1%) cases with total anti-hd; 3 of them were also positive for igm anti-hd. another 9 (10.6%) cases were positive for hdag. thus, the prevalence of hdv superinfection was 21/85 (24.7%), which was significantly ... | 1990 | 2218402 |
| sexual transmission of hepatitis d virus infection in taiwan. | multivariate analysis of the risk factors for hepatitis d virus infection among 53 men with acute hepatitis d virus superinfection, 59 men with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis b and 54 asymptomatic male hepatitis b carriers revealed that sexual contact with prostitutes and use of nondisposable needles were the factors significantly associated with hepatitis d virus infection in taiwan (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval = 3.3 to 9.2; odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3 ... | 1990 | 2365283 |
| hepatitis d virus infection among intravenous drug abusers in taiwan: analysis of risk factors and liver function tests. | to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis d virus (hdv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection among intravenous drug abusers in taiwan, a total of 761 male prisoners, including 680 intravenous drug abusers, were studied for serological markers of hbv and hdv. questionnaires were distributed to evaluate the risk factors for hdv infection and also to estimate the strength of association among hdv infection and the risk factors. hbv infection was common, and the positive rates of hbv markers betwe ... | 1990 | 2388047 |
| prevalence and significance of intrahepatic hepatitis delta virus antigen expression in hbeag-negative patients with chronic type-b hepatitis in taiwan. | a consecutive series of 97 hbeag-negative patients with chronic type-b hepatitis, who were not drug addicts or hemophiliacs, were examined for the prevalence of intrahepatic expression of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) antigen (hdag) by direct immunofluorescence. the clinical and histological features were compared between those with and without intrahepatic hdag expression. intrahepatic hdag expression was detected in 15 (15.5%) of the 97 patients. all of the 15 were males between 18 and 71 years ... | 1989 | 2689112 |
| hepatitis delta virus infection in southern taiwan. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection in southern taiwan in comparison to that of northern taiwan, a consecutive series of 389 hbsag-positive patients were tested for serum antibody to hdv (anti-hd) by radioimmunoassay. the anti-hd was positive in 2/122 (1.6%) asymptomatic "healthy" carriers, 1/61 (1.6%) blood donors, 1/24 (4.2%) patients with acute type b hepatitis, 4/25 (16%) carriers with superimposed acute hepatitis, 5/53 (9.4%) patients with chronic hepatitis, ... | 1989 | 2727626 |
| acute viral hepatitis in chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus: different patterns in different places. | | 1989 | 2744733 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among parenteral drug abusers in southern taiwan. | a total of 390 parenteral drug abusers (pdas) at the kaohsiung municipal narcotics abstention institute were examined for markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). all sera were tested for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), surface antibody (anti-hbs), and core antibody (anti-hbc) by radioimmunoassay (ria) and for antibody to hiv (anti-hiv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) and antibody to hdv ... | 1989 | 2778445 |
| seroepidemiology of human t lymphotropic viruses and hepatitis viruses among prostitutes in taiwan. | | 1988 | 2900856 |
| the aetiology of acute hepatitis in taiwan: acute hepatitis superimposed on hbsag carrier state as the main aetiology of acute hepatitis in areas with high hbsag carrier rate. | the aetiology of sporadic acute hepatitis in taiwan was studied in a consecutive series of 273 patients, 209 males and 64 females, aged from less than 1 to 73 years. only eight patients (2.9%) had acute hepatitis a, 36 (13.2%) acute hepatitis b and 57 (20.9%) had acute non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanb). the remaining 172 patients (63.0%) were hbsag positive but anti-hbc igm negative and were classified as acute hepatitis in chronic hbsag carriers. age-specific analysis revealed that acute hepatitis ... | 1988 | 3141291 |
| seroepidemiological studies on hepatitis b and d viruses infection among five ethnic groups in southern taiwan. | in order to compare the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection among five ethnic groups in pingtung county of southern taiwan, a total of 240 serum samples were collected from september to october, 1985, from the following five ethnic groups: taiwanese, hakka, mainland chinese, aboriginal paiwanese, and aboriginal rukaiese. ages of subjects ranged from 5 to 69 years. all sera were tested for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), surface antibody (anti-hbs), an ... | 1988 | 3209993 |
| symptomatic anti-hbe positive chronic hepatitis b in taiwan with special reference to persistent hbv replication and hdv superinfection. | ninety-four patients, who were admitted with symptoms of liver disease and found to be positive for hepatitis b surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis b e antigen (anti-hbe), were examined for hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in serum and immunoglobulin antibody to hepatitis b core antigen and liver biopsies were stained for hepatic hepatitis b core antigen. of 94 patients, 34 (36%) had evidence of hbv replication and 35 (37%) evidence of hepatitis d virus (hdv) superinfection. most of the latter ... | 1988 | 3392522 |
| delta infection in asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen: low prevalence of delta activity and effective suppression of hepatitis b virus replication. | we examined the prevalence of serum anti-delta antibody among 769 intravenous drug abusers in taiwan. delta infection was found extremely common in the hbsag-positive carriers with drug abuse, because 128 (85%) of 151 carriers were positive for anti-delta. however, most of antibody titers were low (less than 1:5,000). by molecular hybridization, delta rna genomes were detectable in only five (4%) of 128 asymptomatic carriers positive for anti-delta. the results suggested that most of them had pr ... | 1988 | 3417233 |
| correlation between hepatic hepatitis b core antigen and serum hepatitis b virus-dna levels in patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infections in taiwan. | paired liver biopsy specimens and serum samples from 76 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were taken for staining of hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) by immunoperoxidase and testing of hbv-dna by a spot hybridization technique, respectively. thirty-two tissue specimens showed positive staining for hbcag in their hepatocytes. the two patients with diffuse hbcag expression in liver tissue also had high serum concentrations of hbv-dna (greater than 10 pg/10 microl). among 30 p ... | 1987 | 3545139 |
| hepatitis delta virus infection in taiwan. | in taiwan the prevalence of anti-delta was low among asymptomatic hbsag carriers, patients with hcc and acute type b hepatitis, intermediate in hbsag carriers on hemodialysis, patients with chronic type b hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, particularly hbeag negative ones, and very high in intravenous drug abusers. it is important to prevent the spread of hdv infection in this hyperendemic area of hbv. | 1987 | 3628418 |
| hepatitis delta virus infection among chronic hepatitis b surface antigen carrier patients of a general hospital in northern taiwan. | | 1987 | 3681252 |
| analysis of the dna of hepatitis b virus in the sera of chinese patients infected with hepatitis b. | | 1986 | 3701109 |
| hepatitis b and d virus infection among drug abusers in taiwan. | approximately 15 to 20% of the general population in taiwan are chronic hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers. however, the incidence of hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection is low (5-8%) in patients with hbsag-positive chronic liver diseases in this area. to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hdv infection among drug abusers in taiwan, serum samples were collected from 152 drug abusers at the taipei municipal anti-narcotic institute and test for hbv and hdv markers. of t ... | 1986 | 3783132 |
| evolution rate of hepatitis delta virus rna isolated in taiwan. | the complete rna sequences of hepatitis delta viruses (hdv) isolated at 3 years apart from a chronic delta hepatitis patient in taiwan were determined. the sequence analysis showed an overall evolution rate of 3.18 x 10(-3) substitutions/nucleotide/year. the evolution rates in different parts of hdv rna varied. the hypervariable region evolved faster (4.55 x 10(-3) substitutions/nucleotide/year) than the hepatitis delta antigen (hdag)-coding region (2.60 x 10(-3) substitutions/nucleotide/year) a ... | 1994 | 7964650 |
| multiple viral infection as the most common cause of fulminant and subfulminant viral hepatitis in an area endemic for hepatitis b: application and limitations of the polymerase chain reaction. | we tested serum samples from 25 fulminant hepatitis and 7 subfulminant hepatitis patients for hepatitis a, b, c, d and e viral markers and nucleic acids by means of polymerase chain reaction to determine the role of each virus on such catastrophic events in an area endemic for hepatitis b. of these 32 patients, 14 (44%) were hepatitis b virus carriers with hepatitis d virus superinfection (1 with hepatitis c virus infection), 3 others had coexisting hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus infect ... | 1994 | 8138254 |
| factors associated with viremia and elevated transaminase levels in asymptomatic hepatitis d virus-infected risk groups. | to detect hepatitis d virus (hdv) rna in asymptomatic hdv-infected risk groups, northern blot hybridization was carried out using a strand-specific riboprobe. univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate factors associated with hdv viremia and elevated transaminase levels in these subjects. two (15%) of 13 antibody to hdv (anti-hdv) -positive intravenous drug addicts, 15 (33%) of 45 anti-hdv positive prostitutes, and 6 (40%) of 15 anti-hdv positive brothel goers had detectab ... | 1994 | 8308525 |
| hepatitis d virus infection among prostitutes in taiwan. | two hundred and sixty-three adult licensed, 233 adult and 157 teenage unlicensed prostitutes from taiwan were studied for prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection. the hepatitis b carrier rate among the three groups was 21, 15 and 20%, respectively, not significantly different from that of the general population in this area. however, the prevalence of hdv infection among carrier prostitutes was 55, 36 and 16%, respectively, much higher than that in general hepatitis b ca ... | 1993 | 8374089 |
| characterization of a new genotype ii hepatitis delta virus from taiwan. | three genotypes of hdv, which may be associated with different clinical pictures and epidemiological patterns, have been identified. in contrast to type i and type iii hdv, both of which have multiple isolates, type ii hdv so far includes only a single isolate (japan-1) from a low prevalence area (japan). recently, type ii has been reported to be the predominant genotype in taiwan, which is also a low prevalence area, and is associated with less aggresive disease than type i. however, the sequen ... | 1996 | 8991938 |
| decreasing prevalence of hepatitis d virus infection. | | 1997 | 9430040 |
| decreasing hepatitis d virus infection in taiwan: an analysis of contributory factors. | superinfection of hepatitis d virus (hdv) among hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers is mainly through heterosexual contact in taiwan. this study investigated the change of hdv endemicity and its associated contributory factors. seventy-seven patients with acute hdv superinfection among 527 consecutive exacerbating hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers were identified over the past 12 years. the prevalence decreased significantly by each 3-year period from june 1983 to may 1995 (23.7, 15.5, 1 ... | 1997 | 9430041 |
| detection of serum hepatitis b, c, and d viral nucleic acids and its implications in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. | the association of viremia, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels, and hepatocyte inflammatory activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) patients was studied. serum samples from 114 hcc patients undergoing surgery were assayed for hepatitis b, c, and d viral nucleic acids by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) prior to surgery. of these patients, 65 had hbv infection alone, 15 had hcv infection alone, 4 had hdv infection, 20 had hbv and hcv superinfection, 1 had triple viral infectio ... | 1998 | 9719234 |
| minimal role of gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus in fulminant and subfulminant hepatitis in taiwan. | the role of gb virus-c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv) in fulminant hepatitis (fh) and subfulminant hepatitis (sfh) remains unclear. | 1999 | 10207785 |
| hepatitis d virus genotypes in intravenous drug users in taiwan: decreasing prevalence and lack of correlation with hepatitis b virus genotypes. | of 368 hepatitis b virus (hbv)-infected intravenous drug users, 144 (39%) were positive for antibody to hepatitis d virus (anti-hdv). anti-hdv-positive hbv carriers had a lower rate of positivity for hbv dna than did anti-hdv-negative carriers (52 versus 73%, respectively). from 1986 to 1997, the average rate of decrease in the prevalence of hdv infection in this population was 4.7%/year. | 2002 | 12149376 |
| molecular epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis d virus in a unique triple hepatitis viruses (b, c, d) endemic community in taiwan. | the molecular epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis d virus (hdv) in a unique hbv, hcv, and hdv triple virus endemic community in southern taiwan were investigated. a total of 2,909 residents aged 45 or older were screened for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), anti-hcv antibody, and anti-hdv antibody (specifically for hbsag-positive carriers). factors that might be associated with hdv infection, viral nucleic acid detection, and genotyping of hbv, hcv, and hdv were investigated. t ... | 2003 | 12629646 |
| genotypic dominance and novel recombinations in hbv genotype b and c co-infected intravenous drug users. | pathogenic differences among hepatitis b virus (hbv) genotypes have been documented. however, the interaction between different hbv genotypes remains unclear. herein, we chose hbv genotypes b (hbv/b) and c (hbv/c) co-infected intravenous drug users to study this issue. hbv genotype was determined in 40 hbsag, anti-hcv, and anti-hdv co-positive intravenous drug users by using genotype-specific primers. the distribution of hbv genotype was as follows: hbv genotype b alone in 29 (72.5%); hbv genoty ... | 2004 | 15042642 |
| genotypes and viremia of hepatitis b and d viruses are associated with outcomes of chronic hepatitis d patients. | genotypes and viremia of hepatitis d virus (hdv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) may be associated with outcomes. this study evaluated the impact of viral genotypes and viremia on outcomes of dual hbv and hdv infection. | 2006 | 16697726 |
| prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and its association with hepatitis b, c, and d virus infections among incarcerated male substance abusers in taiwan. | taiwan has been facing a rising epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection since 2004. injection drug users comprised 38.5% of accumulated hiv cases by 2007. this cross-sectional study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and hiv infection in 753 male substance users who were detained in a detoxification center in taoyuan, taiwan. the subjects were enrolled into the study consecutively between february and oct ... | 2009 | 19382252 |
| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis b virus among nonhuman primates in taiwan. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a public health problem worldwide, and apart from infecting humans, hbv has been found in nonhuman primates. this study investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) among nonhuman primates in taiwan, an area where human hbv remains endemic. serum samples from 286 captive nonhuman primates (i.e., 32 great apes [pan troglodytes and pongo pygmaeus], 42 gibbons [hylobates sp. and nomascus sp.], and 212 cercopi ... | 2009 | 19746868 |
| chronic hepatitis c increased the mortality rates of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and diabetes mellitus in a triple hepatitis virus endemic community. | to elucidate the factors associated with mortality rates among older subjects with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and diabetes mellitus (dm) in a triple hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis delta virus (hdv) endemic community. | 2010 | 20054698 |
| hepatitis d: scenario in the asia-pacific region. | hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection is present worldwide and affects all age groups. around 18 million people are estimated to be infected with hdv. an important trend in hdv infection is global decline. hdv prevalence has decreased significantly in europe since the 1970s and 1980s when it was first reported. the asia-pacific region now seems to be where hdv is a major health concern. there is a lack of available data from most of the countries from this region; hence, the true status of hdv canno ... | 2010 | 20128022 |
| hepatitis delta virus and gbv-c infection in two neighboring hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus-endemic villages in taiwan. | previous reports in taiwan have shown that the hepatitis b virus (hbv)- and hepatitis c virus (hcv)-endemic areas are also endemic for hepatitis d virus (hdv), gbv-c and tt virus. this study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of hdv and gbv-c infection in two neighboring hbv- and hcv-endemic villages, to deduce the epidemiological characteristics of multiple viral infections in communities. | 2010 | 20438665 |
| acquirement and disappearance of hbsag and anti-hcv in an aged population: a follow-up study in an endemic township. | background: hbsag and anti-hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) are stable markers and widely used. the seroconversion and seroclearance of hbsag and anti-hcv are important for disease control and prognosis of diseases. aims: to investigate acquirement and disappearance of hbsag and anti-hcv in an endemic area. methods: seven years after a community screening, 1002 of 2909 residents of tzukuan township were recruited. hbsag, anti-hcv and alanine transaminase (alt) were checked in all who participated an ... | 2010 | 21054768 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis d virus infection among injecting drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection in taiwan. | an outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection occurred among injecting drug users (idu) in taiwan between 2003 and 2006, when an extremely high prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection was also detected. to determine whether clusters of hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection occurred in this outbreak, 4 groups of subjects were studied: group 1, hiv-infected idu (n = 904); group 2, hiv-infected non-idu (n = 880); group 3, hiv-uninfected idu (n = 211); and group 4, hiv-uninfected n ... | 2010 | 21191061 |
| hepatitis d virus infections among injecting drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection in taiwan. | in taiwan, injecting drug use has been the main route of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission since 2005, with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) also having similar transmission routes. this has now become an important public health issue. the aim of this study is to explore the conditions of hdv infections between injecting drug users (idus) with and without hiv infection in southern taiwan. in this study, 87 idus were enrolled, including 27 anti-hdv seronegative id ... | 2016 | 27742037 |
| changing hepatitis d virus epidemiology in a hepatitis b virus endemic area with a national vaccination program. | the emergence of hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection in the era of widespread hbv vaccination has not been described before. we aimed to investigate the changing epidemiology of hdv infection among high- and low-risk populations after an outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among injection drug users (idus) in taiwan. a prospective, multicenter, cohort study of 2,562 hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive individuals was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotype, an ... | 2015 | 25677884 |
| higher rate of hepatitis events in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b, and hepatitis d genotype ii infection: a cohort study in a medical center in southern taiwan. | the epidemiology and impact of hepatitis δ virus (hdv) on hepatic outcomes and virological and immunological responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients coinfected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) in northern taiwan have been reported. however, the epidemiology and impact of hdv infection in hiv-hbv coinfection patients in southern taiwan remains uncertain. | 2015 | 24064291 |
| new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against hepatitis delta virus using a hepatitis delta antigen derived from a taiwanese clone and comparison to the abbott radioimmunoassay. | an anti-hepatitis delta (hd) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a specific recombinant hepatitis delta antigen derived from a local dominant hepatitis delta virus (hepatitis d virus; hdv) strain in taiwan has been established. the detection efficiency of this assay was comparable to that of the commercially available abbott anti-hd radioimmunoassay (ria) and could be useful in routine laboratory diagnoses of hdv infection. | 2012 | 22398247 |