| epizootic of paratuberculosis in farmed elk. | after multiple cases of chronic diarrhea and weight loss in a farmed elk herd, 3 yearlings and 1 adult elk with similar clinical signs were euthanatized and necropsied. gross and histologic evidence of paratuberculosis were found in the yearlings. evidence of serum antibody to mycobacterium paratuberculosis was detected in the 2 elk with the most disseminated infection. acid-fast organisms were isolated from multiple organs in all 4 elk and identified as m paratuberculosis by dna probe. thirty-f ... | 1998 | 9810391 |
| fatal degenerative neurologic illnesses in men who participated in wild game feasts--wisconsin, 2002. | creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) is a fatal neurologic disorder in humans. cjd is one of a group of conditions known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses), or prion diseases, that are believed to be caused by abnormally configured, host-encoded prion proteins that accumulate in the central nervous tissue. cjd has an annual incidence of approximately 1 case per million population in the united states and occurs in three forms: sporadic, genetically determined, and acquired by infecti ... | 2003 | 12617536 |
| elk exposure to arsenic in geothermal watersheds of yellowstone national park, usa. | geothermal activity in yellowstone national park (wy, usa) (ynp) results in elevated levels of arsenic in surface waters, aquatic vegetation, and sediments in the upper madison river basin. this study was conducted to determine concentrations of arsenic in the tissues, feces, and rumen contents of elk (cervus elaphus) residing in the madison-firehole (mf) river basin, and to evaluate potential arsenic exposure pathways. concentrations of total arsenic in mf elk were significantly higher than in ... | 2004 | 15095895 |
| spatial epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in wisconsin white-tailed deer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal, emerging disease of cervids associated with transmissible protease-resistant prion proteins. the potential for cwd to cause dramatic declines in deer and elk populations and perceived human health risks associated with consuming cwd-contaminated venison have led wildlife agencies to embark on extensive cwd control programs, typically involving culling to reduce deer populations. we characterized the spatial distribution of cwd in white-tailed deer (odoco ... | 2006 | 17092889 |
| validation of use of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue for immunohistochemical diagnosis of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | the examination of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (ramalt) biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been described in sheep, elk, and small numbers of mule and white-tailed deer. previous sample numbers have been too small to validate examination of this type of tissue as a viable antemortem diagnostic test. in this study, we examined ramalt collected postmortem from 76 white-tailed deer removed from a farm in wisconsin known to be affected ... | 2009 | 19261781 |
| use of the intradermal tuberculin test in a herd of captive elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | in the united states, tuberculosis of captive cervids, caused by mycobacterium bovis, attracted attention in 1991 when investigations, prompted by the identification of a tuberculous elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) of u.s. origin exported to canada, revealed tuberculosis in 10 different elk herds in 8 different states. based on methods used in cattle, official regulations pertaining to testing and eradication of tuberculosis in captive cervids were added to the u.s. department of agriculture bovine ... | 2011 | 21398465 |