| foot-and-mouth disease in british deer: transmission of virus to cattle, sheep and deer. | after exposure for two hours to cattle with foot-and-mouth disease, each of the five species of deer found in the british countryside became infected. clinical disease was typical and severe in the roe and muntjac deer, with some animals dying, less severe in the sika deer and usually subclinical in the fallow and red deer. each species transmitted disease to its own species and to cattle and sheep. the amounts of virus present in the blood, and in oesophageal/pharyngeal samples and excreted as ... | 1975 | 167503 |
| [spongiform encephalopathies with special reference to bovine spongiform encephalopathy]. | in switzerland bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) was detected for the first time in november 1990. it is a transmissible disease of the central nervous system similar to creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd), gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome (gss) and kuru in man, and, in animals, scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease (cwd) in captive mule deer and elk of north america and transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme) of farm reared mink. the infectious agent of the spongiform ence ... | 1992 | 1615298 |
| prevalence of herpesvirus infection in british red deer and investigations of further disease outbreaks. | a serological survey of the prevalence of a new herpesvirus isolated from red deer (cervus elaphus), tentatively designated herpesvirus of cervidae type 1 (hvc-1), has shown that the virus is widespread in free-living and farmed red deer. neutralising antibodies were detected in hill deer culled at three different locations in the north of scotland, in farmed deer on five of eight scottish farms and in four of 12 groups of english farmed or park deer. fifty-eight of 145 (40 per cent) hill deer, ... | 1986 | 3008405 |
| phenotyping of individuals sensitive to suxamethonium. the cholinesterase research unit at the royal postgraduate medical school. | four hundred and thirty blood samples from suxamethonium-sensitive individuals have been phenotyped by the cholinesterase research unit following its transfer from exeter to the hammersmith hospital. the distribution of genotypes has been shown to be similar to that found in exeter. screening for the elk and elj genes has not yielded any major differences in the gene frequencies of sensitive individuals, even during pregnancy. the uneven sex distribution of the patients, as well as other unusual ... | 1987 | 3651274 |
| an outbreak of selenium responsive unthriftiness in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | | 1987 | 3824858 |
| some haematological data for red deer (cervus elaphus) in england. | | 1965 | 5840356 |
| the establishment of a hybrid zone between red and sika deer (genus cervus). | japanese sika deer (cervus nippon nippon) were introduced to scotland around 80 years (20 generations) ago. the sika phenotype is expanding its range and hybridizing extensively with native red deer (cervus elaphus) leading to the establishment of a hybrid zone. this zone is currently moving and cannot be considered to be at equilibrium. cervid genotypes and mitochondrial haplotypes were mapped across the sika phenotype range, using diagnostic protein isozymes, microsatellite nuclear dna markers ... | 1994 | 7834107 |
| observations on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed red deer in central southern england. | the epidemiology of the gastrointestinal nematodes of farmed red deer was followed over three years on two farms in north hertfordshire. worm counts on 10 animals (four months to 10 years old) between november and march showed that mixed ostertagid infections were dominant with very small numbers of trichostrongylus axei, cooperia punctata and oesophagostomum species also present in some individuals. an increase in the faecal nematode egg count of the hinds in summer was followed by an increase ... | 1996 | 8883346 |
| [the use of fur collected in the field for studying the genetic diversity of wild ungulates]. | the methods of studying the genetic diversity of wild animals using tissue samples collected without harming the studied populations are discussed for the red deer (cervus elaphus) fur samples. the methods are proposed for collection and storage of fur samples in field conditions. the optimal methods of dna isolation from the fur and other tissues (dry, alcohol-fixed, and frozen skin and muscle) of the red deer and other ungulates were selected, and the conditions of pcr for amplification of the ... | 2000 | 11147499 |
| the current and future management of wild mammals hunted with dogs in england and wales. | there is increasing concern about the use of lethal methods to control wild mammal populations, especially those methods that may have significant impacts on animal welfare. the continued use of dogs to hunt wild mammals in england and wales, principally foxes (vulpes vulpes), red deer (cervus elaphus), brown hares (lepus europaeus) and mink (mustela vison), has become a focus for political debate and has been the subject of a recent uk government inquiry. this paper reports the results of a que ... | 2003 | 12654279 |
| enzootic ataxia in farmed red deer. | | 2003 | 12696718 |
| culling of wild red deer. | | 2003 | 12892273 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| genetic variability of the prion protein gene (prnp) in wild ruminants from italy and scotland. | the genetics of the prion protein gene (prnp) play a crucial role in determining the relative susceptibility to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) in several mammalian species. to determine the prnp gene variability in european red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), the prnp open reading frame from 715 samples was analysed to reveal a total of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). in red deer, snps were found in codons 15, ... | 2009 | 19461206 |
| evaluation of the cervidtb stat-pak for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in wild deer in great britain. | deer are acknowledged as hosts of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of btb in the united kingdom. this study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of btb in samples from wild deer species in the united kingdom. fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), ... | 2009 | 19656989 |
| estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales. | wild deer populations in great britain are expanding in range and probably in numbers, and relatively high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) in deer occurs locally in parts of southwest england. to evaluate the m. bovis exposure risk posed to cattle by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales, we constructed and parameterized a quantitative risk model with the use of information from the literature (on deer densities, activity pattern ... | 2009 | 19901384 |
| borrelia burgdorferi serosurvey in wild deer in england and wales. | lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the united kingdom and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. however, limited information is available on its epidemiology and dynamics in the u.k. a survey in wild deer to investigate the presence of antibodies reactive to borrellia burgdorferi was conducted to obtain initial information on the distribution pattern of the spirochete in england and wales. samples from roe deer (n=604) and red deer (n=80) were collected in eight ... | 2012 | 22448654 |
| control of bovine tuberculosis in a farmed red deer herd in england. | this report describes how mycobacterium bovis infection was controlled and eventually eradicated in a farmed red deer herd in the north of england, following sustained tuberculin skin testing supplemented with serological (antibody) tests over a period of approximately two years. by taking advantage of the anamnestic antibody response produced by the skin test to detect skin test-negative, antibody-positive infected individuals, a total of 35 additional animals were identified, including 2 with ... | 2017 | 28100768 |
| ixodes ricinus (ixodidae), an occasional phoront on necrophagous and coprophagous beetles in europe. | for ticks, phoretic behaviour using insects associated with vertebrates might offer an alternative strategy to host-seeking. here we report for the first time the presence of immature stages of the most widespread tick species in western europe, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae), on three beetle species belonging to families silphidae and geotrupidae (coleoptera). specimens were collected while performing fieldwork surveys on insect diversity during the peak of tick's questing behaviour, in july ... | 2015 | 25491290 |
| technological analysis of the world's earliest shamanic costume: a multi-scalar, experimental study of a red deer headdress from the early holocene site of star carr, north yorkshire, uk. | shamanic belief systems represent the first form of religious practice visible within the global archaeological record. here we report on the earliest known evidence of shamanic costume: modified red deer crania headdresses from the early holocene site of star carr (c. 11 kya). more than 90% of the examples from prehistoric europe come from this one site, establishing it as a place of outstanding shamanistic/cosmological significance. our work, involving a programme of experimental replication, ... | 2016 | 27073850 |