| james carroll: a biography. | james carroll was born in england in 1854; at the age of 15, he emigrated to canada where he worked at various odd jobs. at age 20, he crossed the border and volunteered for the us army, in which he remained for the rest of his life. appointed as hospital steward, he became interested in medicine. he was permitted to take basic courses at st paul university and later at bellevue hospital in new york. he received his md degree in 1891 from the university of maryland while still a sergeant. he the ... | 1998 | 9845758 |
| occurrence of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104a in retail ground beef. | surveillance data of cattle and human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 indicate that this pathogen emerged worldwide in the 1980s, particularly in cattle. studies were conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonella typhimurium dt104 in ground beef. samples were also tested for the presence of generic escherichia coli. a total of 404 fresh ground beef samples obtained at retail stores from new york, san francisco, philadelphia, denver, atlanta, houston, and chicago w ... | 2002 | 11848574 |
| salmonella enterica serotype uganda infection in new york city and chicago. | outbreaks associated with distinct strains of salmonella enterica serotype uganda, a rare serotype, occurred in new york city and chicago during the summer of 2001. both outbreaks were linked to eating ready-to-eat pork products. this serotype may emerge as a more frequent cause of human infections. | 2004 | 15498173 |
| salmonella typhimurium outbreak associated with veterinary clinic. | a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium outbreak was associated with a veterinary clinic. confirmed cases were in one cat, two veterinary technicians, four persons associated with clinic patients, and a nurse not linked to the clinic. this outbreak emphasizes the importance of strong public health ties to the animal health community. | 2004 | 15663875 |
| multistate outbreak of salmonella typhimurium infections associated with eating ground beef--united states, 2004. | salmonella infections cause an estimated 1.4 million human illnesses and 400 deaths annually in the united states. although the incidence of several other foodborne bacterial infections decreased substantially during 1996-2004, the incidence of salmonella infections declined modestly. in september 2004, the new mexico department of health received reports from the new mexico scientific laboratory division of eight salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates that had indistinguishable pulse ... | 2006 | 16498383 |
| multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. | antimicrobial resistance in yersinia pestis is rare, yet constitutes a significant international public health and biodefense threat. in 1995, the first multidrug resistant (mdr) isolate of y. pestis (strain ip275) was identified, and was shown to contain a self-transmissible plasmid (pip1202) that conferred resistance to many of the antimicrobials recommended for plague treatment and prophylaxis. comparative analysis of the dna sequence of y. pestis plasmid pip1202 revealed a near identical inc ... | 2007 | 17375195 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis diversity of human and bovine clinical salmonella isolates. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) characterization of 335 temporally and spatially matched clinical, bovine, and human salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates revealed 167 xbai pfge patterns. these isolates were previously classified into 51 serotypes and 73 sequence types, as determined by multilocus sequence typing. discriminatory power of pfge (simpson's index, d = 0.991) was considerably higher than that of multilocus sequence typing (d = 0.920) or serotyping (d = 0.913). although ... | 2010 | 20180633 |
| salmonella enterica serotype cerro among dairy cattle in new york: an emerging pathogen? | the focus of this study was salmonella enterica serotype cerro, a potentially emerging pathogen of cattle. our objectives were to document the within-herd prevalence of salmonella cerro among a sample of new york dairy herds, to describe the antimicrobial resistance patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types of the isolates, and to elucidate the status of this serotype as a bovine pathogen. data were collected prospectively from dairy herds throughout new york that had at least 150 lact ... | 2010 | 20187753 |
| detection of zoonotic pathogens and characterization of novel viruses carried by commensal rattus norvegicus in new york city. | norway rats (rattus norvegicus) are globally distributed and concentrate in urban environments, where they live and feed in closer proximity to human populations than most other mammals. despite the potential role of rats as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases, the microbial diversity present in urban rat populations remains unexplored. in this study, we used targeted molecular assays to detect known bacterial, viral, and protozoan human pathogens and unbiased high-throughput sequencing to identify ... | 2014 | 25316698 |
| whole-genome sequencing of drug-resistant salmonella enterica isolated from dairy cattle and humans in new york and washington states reveals source and geographic associations. | multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica can be spread from cattle to humans through direct contact with animals shedding salmonella, as well as through the food chain, making mdr salmonella a serious threat to human health. the objective of this study was to use whole-genome sequencing to compare antimicrobial-resistant (amr) s. typhimurium, newport, and dublin isolated from dairy cattle and humans in washington state and new york state at a genotypic and phenotypic level. a total of 90 is ... | 2017 | 28389536 |
| empyema of preexisting subdural hemorrhage caused by a rare salmonella species after exposure to bearded dragons in a foster home. | an infant had a subdural empyema caused by the rare salmonella species enterica subspecies houtenae (iv) serotype 44:z4,z23:- after only indirect exposure to exotic reptiles in her foster home. infants recovering from preexisting subdural hematoma are at risk for development of empyema. | 2010 | 20105642 |
| outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 infection linked to commercial ground beef, northeastern united states, 2003-2004. | multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) emerged in the 1990s and is associated with greater clinical severity than pansusceptible s. typhimurium. although infection with dt104 is common in the united states, it is rarely associated with outbreaks. from october to december 2003, a cluster of dt104 infections with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns was identified in the northeastern united states. | 2006 | 16477547 |
| effect of previous antimicrobial treatment on fecal shedding of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serogroup b in new york dairy herds with recent clinical salmonellosis. | the association of herd- and sample-level factors with the isolation of salmonella group b from cattle fecal samples was analyzed. study farms were 65 dairy herds with a recent history of laboratory-confirmed clinical salmonella infections. herds were visited once per month for three months to collect data and samples for bacteriological culture. herd size varied widely from 34 to 3700 total cattle on the farm (median=370). salmonella serogroup b was isolated from 270 of 2726 samples tested. the ... | 2003 | 12507855 |
| profile of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies i) serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains causing food-borne infections in new york city. | strains of newly emerging salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies i) serotype 4,5,12:i:- causing food-borne infections, including a large food poisoning outbreak (n = 86) characterized by persistent diarrhea (14% bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and headache, were examined. the organisms were found in the stool samples from the patients. the biochemical profile of the organisms is consistent with that of s. enterica subsp. i serotypes, except for decreased dulcitol (13%) and increased ino ... | 2002 | 12037044 |
| a nosocomial outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella infection. | infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of salmonella is rare, as is nosocomial salmonella infection. we describe the first recognized outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella infections in the united states, which occurred in two nursing homes and one hospital in oregon. | 2001 | 11372008 |
| a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella in new york dairy herds. | as part of our long-term objective of assessing risk for listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp. in dairy herds, we carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of the two organisms. the study population consisted of a sample of dairy herds enrolled in the quality milk promotion services at cornell during the period of april 1998 to march 1999. the sample was stratified by geographical region to assure representation. four hundred and four dairy farms were enrolled in the s ... | 2000 | 11104262 |
| salmonella enterica serotype dublin infection: an emerging infectious disease for the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype dublin (s. enterica dublin) emerged for the first time in new york, pennsylvania, and ohio in 1988. since that time this host-adapted serotype has spread throughout the veal- and dairy beef-raising operations in the region; very few dairy farms have experienced clinical s. enterica dublin infections. this study details the epidemiology of the outbreaks in cattle. during the period 1988 through 1995, nine new york and four pennsylvania counties hav ... | 1999 | 10405378 |
| landscape and meteorological factors affecting prevalence of three food-borne pathogens in fruit and vegetable farms. | produce-related outbreaks have been traced back to the preharvest environment. a longitudinal study was conducted on five farms in new york state to characterize the prevalence, persistence, and diversity of food-borne pathogens in fresh produce fields and to determine landscape and meteorological factors that predict their presence. produce fields were sampled four times per year for 2 years. a total of 588 samples were analyzed for listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, and shiga toxin-producing ... | 2013 | 23144137 |
| histopathology case definition of naturally acquired salmonella enterica serovar dublin infection in young holstein cattle in the northeastern united states. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin ( salmonella dublin) is a host-adapted bacterium that causes high morbidity and mortality in dairy cattle worldwide. a retrospective search of archives at the new york animal health diagnostic center revealed 57 culture-confirmed salmonella dublin cases from new york and pennsylvania in which detailed histology of multiple tissues was available. tissues routinely submitted by referring veterinarians for histologic evaluation included sections of ... | 2017 | 28599615 |
| distributions of salmonella subtypes differ between two u.s. produce-growing regions. | salmonella accounts for approximately 50% of produce-associated outbreaks in the united states, several of which have been traced back to contamination in the produce production environment. to quantify salmonella diversity and aid in identification of salmonella contamination sources, we characterized salmonella isolates from two geographically diverse produce-growing regions in the united states. initially, we characterized the salmonella serotype and subtype diversity associated with 1,677 sa ... | 2014 | 24747908 |
| health survey of free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in central park, new york, new york, usa: implications for human and domestic animal health. | we conducted health assessments on 113 free-ranging raccoons ( procyon lotor ) in central park, new york city, us, in february 2010, september 2010, and november 2011 in conjunction with a trap-vaccinate-release program to control a raccoon rabies epizootic. five individuals were sampled at two time points for 118 raccoon examinations in total. we tested 13 of 13 and 8 of 13 euthanized raccoons for rabies and canine distemper virus (cdv), respectively, by antigen testing on brain tissue; all wer ... | 2017 | 28135131 |