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epidemiology and aetiology of acute bronchiolitis in hong kong infants.the epidemiological, clinical and virological features of 1220 children with acute bronchiolitis admitted to the prince of wales hospital, hong kong, from 1985 to 1988 are reported. they accounted for 6.6% of total paediatric admissions and provided a case incidence of bronchiolitis requiring admission to hospital of approximately 21 per 1000 children 0-24 months of age. the clinical course and outcome was in general benign. the average hospital stay was 5 days and there were no deaths. ten per ...19921312477
seasonal patterns of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hong kong: a preliminary report. 19873611837
epidemiology and etiology of pneumonia in children in hong kong.the epidemiologic and etiologic features of cases of pneumonia among 1,740 children admitted to a teaching hospital in hong kong over a 3-year period were studied. of the patients, 23% were < 1 year old and 69% were < 5 years old. the incidence of pneumonia requiring admission to the hospital was 6.4 episodes per 1,000 children per year for those < 5 years of age. the overall case fatality rate was 0.15% among patients who did not have severe underlying disease before contracting pneumonia. a ba ...19938286635
epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection among paediatric patients in hong kong: seasonality and disease impact.in a 5-year retrospective survey of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections among hospitalized children, 1340 cases were identified of which, 98.4% were children < 5 years old with a male:female ratio of 1.5: 1. most cases occurred from april to september showing a significant positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. community-acquired infections accounted for 92.5% of the cases with a mean hospital stay of 5 days. the estimated annual incidence of rsv infection requirin ...199910579445
influenza a infection is an important cause of febrile seizures.to compare the incidence of febrile seizures in children hospitalized for influenza a infection with parainfluenza and adenovirus infection and to examine the hypothesis that children hospitalized for influenza a (variant sydney/h3n2) during the 1998 season in hong kong had more frequent and refractory seizures when compared with other respiratory viruses, including the a/wuhan h3n2 variant that was present in the previous year.200111581471
influenza-related hospitalizations among children in hong kong.it has been difficult to define the burden of influenza in children because of confounding by the cocirculation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in hong kong, china, the influenza and rsv infection seasons sometimes do not overlap, thus providing an opportunity to estimate the rate of influenza-related hospitalization in a defined population, free from the effects of rsv.200212501221
children with respiratory disease associated with metapneumovirus in hong kong.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly discovered pathogen thought to be associated with respiratory disease. we report the results of a study of 587 children hospitalized with respiratory infection over a 13-month period. hmpv was detected in the nasopharyngeal aspirates from 32 (5.5%) children by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. hmpv infection was associated with clinical diagnoses of pneumonia (36%), asthma exacerbation (23%), or acute bronchiolitis (10%). when compared to th ...200312781000
do environmental pollutants influence the onset of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics or disease severity?the trigger for annual epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and the factors contributing to the disappearance of rsv infections in late winter remain obscure. similarly, there is no adequate explanation for the higher morbidity and admission rates in industrialised as compared with rural areas. it has been suggested that a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, daylight and humidity may influence the onset and waning of the epidemics. however, the few studies ...200415531259
influenza-associated hospitalization in a subtropical city.the impact of influenza on morbidity and hospitalization in the tropics and subtropics is poorly quantified. uniquely, the hong kong special administrative region has computerized hospital discharge diagnoses on 95% of total bed days, allowing disease burden for a well-defined population to be accurately assessed.200616515368
infectious diseases in children admitted from a residential child care centre.to describe the pattern of infectious diseases among children admitted from a residential child care centre and to identify any unusual clusters of admissions.200616603779
coronavirus hku1 and other coronavirus infections in hong kong.we have recently described the discovery of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus hku1 (cov-hku1), associated with community-acquired pneumonia. however, the clinical spectrum of disease and the epidemiology of cov-hku1 infections in relation to infections with other respiratory viruses are unknown. in this 12-month prospective study, 4,181 nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with acute respiratory tract infections were subjected to reverse transcription-pcrs specific for cov-hku1 and human corona ...200616757599
a 1-year prospective study of the infectious etiology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of copd.infection is a major cause of acute exacerbations of copd (aecopds). we aimed to study the infectious etiology related to aecopd.200717218555
viral etiology of acute exacerbations of copd in hong kong.viral respiratory infections may precipitate acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd). however, little is known about viral etiology related to aecopd in asia. we aimed to study the viral etiology of aecopd in hong kong.200717573516
clinical and molecular epidemiology of human bocavirus in respiratory and fecal samples from children in hong kong.human bocavirus (hbov) is a recently discovered parvovirus associated with respiratory tract infections in children. we conducted the first systematic prospective clinical and molecular study using nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) and fecal samples.200717763318
premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit.the purpose of this study was to report the clinical features and outcome of all children with a laboratory proven diagnosis of respiratory virus infection admitted to a university pediatric intensive care unit (picu).200818219695
comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and aspirates for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in children.the quality of clinical specimens is a crucial determinant for virological diagnosis.200818242124
influenza-like illness in residential care homes: a study of the incidence, aetiological agents, natural history and health resource utilisation.influenza-like illness (ili) among elderly people living in residential care homes (rches) is a common cause for hospitalisation. a study was undertaken to examine the incidence, underlying aetiology, natural history and associated healthcare resource utilisation related to ili in the rche population.200818250183
pediatric hospitalization of acute respiratory tract infections with human bocavirus in hong kong.respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. human bocavirus (hbov) has recently been identified and implicated as an aetiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infection in children.200818296108
identification of viral and atypical bacterial pathogens in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in hong kong by multiplex pcr assays.acute respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of hospital admission of children. this study used a broad capture, rapid and sensitive method (multiplex pcr assay) to detect 20 different respiratory pathogens including influenza a subtypes h1, h3, and h5; influenza b; parainfluenza types 1, 2, 3, and 4; respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) groups a and b; adenoviruses; human rhinoviruses; enteroviruses; human metapneumoviruses; human coronaviruses oc43, 229e, and sars-cov; chlamydophila pneum ...200919031443
antiviral activities of extracts from hong kong seaweeds.we extracted six hong kong brown seaweed species with hot water for their antiviral properties. the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of these extracts were tested by mtt [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenlytetrezolium bromide] method, cytopathic effect reduction assay, and plaque reduction assay. the antiviral effect was further determined by flow cytometric analysis. the results showed that most of these extracts inhibited the propagation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 an ...200819067465
antiviral constituents against respiratory viruses from mikania micrantha.phytochemical investigation of the dried aerial parts of mikania micrantha led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene, 3beta-acetoxy-1,10-epoxy-4-germacrene-12,8;15,6-diolide (1), along with six known constituents: 1,10-epoxy-4-germacrene-12,8;15,6-diolide (2), dihydromikanolide (3), potassium mikanin 3-sulfate (4), mikanin (5), alpinetin (6), and ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the molecular structures and stereochemistry of sesqui ...200919267453
occult respiratory viral infections in coronial autopsies: a pilot project. 200919509431
incidence of common respiratory viral infections related to climate factors in hospitalized children in hong kong.hong kong has a subtropical climate and an influenza seasonality lying approximately mid-way (march-june) between those of the northern (november-march) and southern (june-september) hemispheres. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) shares a similar seasonality to that of influenza in hong kong and is another important respiratory infection of childhood. daily virus incidence data from public hospitals in hong kong's new territory east cluster, together with hong kong climate data were obtained for ...201019631018
virologically confirmed population-based burden of hospitalization caused by respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses in children in hong kong.to determine virologically confirmed hospitalization rates associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses in hong kong children.201020622713
validation of statistical models for estimating hospitalization associated with influenza and other respiratory viruses.reliable estimates of disease burden associated with respiratory viruses are keys to deployment of preventive strategies such as vaccination and resource allocation. such estimates are particularly needed in tropical and subtropical regions where some methods commonly used in temperate regions are not applicable. while a number of alternative approaches to assess the influenza associated disease burden have been recently reported, none of these models have been validated with virologically confi ...201121412433
part 4. interaction between air pollution and respiratory viruses: time-series study of daily mortality and hospital admissions in hong kong.background: populations in asia are not only at risk of harm to their health through environmental degradation as a result of worsening pollution problems but also constantly threatened by recurring and emerging influenza epidemics and. pandemics. situated in the area with the world's fastest growing economy and close to hypothetical epicenters of influenza transmission, hong kong offers a special opportunity for testing environmental management and public health surveillance in the region. in t ...201021446214
respiratory syncytial virus morbidity, premorbid factors, seasonality, and implications for prophylaxis.objectives: we investigated factors associated with morbidity and pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission in children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and explored seasonality and implication of prophylaxis. methods: a retrospective study between 2006 and 2008 of every child with a laboratory-confirmed rsv infection was included. results: six hundred seventy rsv admissions were identified. ten (1.5%) required picu admissions. children admitted to picu were younger than non ...201222227087
age-specific epidemic waves of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in a subtropical city.both influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are active throughout the year in subtropical or tropical regions, but few studies have reported on age-specific seasonal patterns of these viruses. we examined the age-specific epidemic curves of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza a (subtyped into seasonal a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and pandemic virus a(h1n1)pdm09), influenza b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), in subtropical city hong kong from 2004 to 2013. we found that different types an ...201525981824
impact of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic on age-specific epidemic curves of other respiratory viruses: a comparison of pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a subtropical city.the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic caused offseason peaks in temperate regions but coincided with the summer epidemic of seasonal influenza and other common respiratory viruses in subtropical hong kong. this study was aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on age-specific epidemic curves of other respiratory viruses.201525928217
the impact of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 on the circulation of respiratory viruses 2009-2011.surveillance of respiratory viruses has been conducted for many years at the public health laboratory in hong kong. with the occurrence of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009, we observed a change in the seasonality of influenza activity with a seemingly corresponding change in the activity of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus during 2009-2011. this phenomenon could most likely be explained by virus interference.201222212717
paramyxovirus infection: mortality and morbidity in a pediatric intensive care unit.we investigated mortality and morbidity of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu) with paramyxovirus infection.201627037248
epidemiology and risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring pediatric intensive care admission in hong kong children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. however, there are limited data on severe rsv infection requiring pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission. this retrospective study described features of rsv-associated picu admissions in hong kong and investigated factors for mortality and duration of picu stay.201424277597
high viral load and respiratory failure in adults hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infections.a prospective study among adults hospitalized for polymerase chain reaction-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infections (n = 123) showed frequent occurrence of lower respiratory-tract complications causing respiratory insufficiency (52.8%), requirement for assisted ventilation (16.3%), and intensive care unit admission/death (12.2%). high viral rna concentration was detected at time of hospitalization, including in patients who presented later than 2 days of illness (day 1-2, 7.29 ± 1.47; d ...201525904604
hospitalization incidence, mortality, and seasonality of common respiratory viruses over a period of 15 years in a developed subtropical city.information on respiratory viruses in subtropical region is limited.incidence, mortality, and seasonality of influenza (flu) a/b, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus (adv), and parainfluenza viruses (piv) 1/2/3 in hospitalized patients were assessed over a 15-year period (1998-2012) in hong kong.male predominance and laterally transversed j-shaped distribution in age-specific incidence was observed. incidence of flu a, rsv, and piv decreased sharply from infants to toddlers; whereas fl ...201526579810
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